DifferentiationNitricProteinReduced neuronal deathNeuronsPotentEvidence that neuronalMonoamineSelective serotoninNNOSPI3KCholinesterase InhibitorsProteaseSignalingDopamineInhibitionProtectsProteinsSubclassesGlycogenSSRIsVivoAntagonistsKinaseGenisteinTricyclicIAPsMAOIsToxicityReceptorsCaspaseReceptorSelectivelySpecificitySynapticComplementMitochondrialCellMiceCerebralTumorAxonalExtracellularAntidepressantRegulatesAntibodiesCellsMarker
Differentiation9
- One of the key areas of neuronal differentiation may be the selection of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors that all neuron possesses. (biotech-angels.com)
- These observations demonstrate a variable onset of imprinting across brain regions, likely related to differences in the timing of neuronal differentiation. (nature.com)
- Is the Subject Area "Neuronal differentiation" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
- Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 ( Xic1 ) impairs neuronal differentiation and increases the number of ElrC (+) progenitor cells in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
- To investigate whether p27(Xic1) is necessary for cell cycle exit and/or neuronal differentiation, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) to knockdown the protein levels in vivo. (xenbase.org)
- Depletion of p27(Xic1) in X. tropicalis caused an increase in proliferation and a suppression of the neuronal differentiation marker, N-tubulin. (xenbase.org)
- Effect of p27Xic1 MO on neuronal differentiation. (xenbase.org)
- TWS 119 induces neuronal differentiation in pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells at 400 nM. (tocris.com)
- Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
Nitric12
- We examined the effect of selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N⍵-propyl-L-arginine (NPA) in mice submitted to the contextual fear conditioning and found out that inhibiting NO production with NPA has an antidepressant-like effect on mice. (helsinki.fi)
- The neurotransmitter functions of nitric oxide are dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). (johnshopkins.edu)
- Jaffrey, SR & Snyder, SH 1996, ' PIN: An associated protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ', Science , vol. 274, no. 5288, pp. 774-777. (johnshopkins.edu)
- The present study was designed to examine whether donepezil induces acute cerebral arteriolar dilation and whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to this vasodilator response. (silverchair.com)
- Brain slices were obtained from neuronal nitric oxide synthase knock-out or C57BL/6J strain (control) mice as well as Wistar rats. (silverchair.com)
- In some experiments, brain slices were treated with a nonselective or a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [10 m] and S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline [10 m], respectively). (silverchair.com)
- An immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase. (silverchair.com)
- Donepezil failed to induce arteriolar dilation in the brain slice from the neuronal nitric oxide synthase knock-out mice. (silverchair.com)
- Immunohistochemical analysis revealed spatial relationship between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase in the arteriolar wall. (silverchair.com)
- Donepezil produces acute vasodilation induced by a selective activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the cerebral parenchymal arterioles. (silverchair.com)
- 2,3 Cerebral blood vessels reportedly are innervated with cholinergic nerve fibers in both humans and animals, resulting in augmentation of cerebral blood flow and/or vasodilation via activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. (silverchair.com)
- PIN (protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), also called DLC8, is an 8 kDa cytoplasmic protein that is a light chain of the dynein molecular motor. (novusbio.com)
Protein6
- Using a newly developed human neuronal cell model, derived from patient-induced pluripotent stem cells, we find that 2-aminobenzamide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increase FXN mRNA levels and frataxin protein in FRDA neuronal cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Humanin (HN) can be an anti-apoptotic peptide that suppresses neuronal cell death induced by Alzheimer's disease, prion protein fragments, and serum deprivation. (biomedigs.org)
- hence, loss of the maternal allele largely eliminates neuronal expression of UBE3A protein. (nature.com)
- The present study performed immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and western blot analysis and identified no significant changes in the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) following radiation (P>0.05). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Activation of the D1 dopamine receptor/cAMP/PKA cascade is regulated by the neuronal protein kinase, Cdk5. (cdc.gov)
- NBI-98854 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) protein that modulates neuronal dopamine levels. (medscape.com)
Reduced neuronal death1
- When subjected to hypoglycemia, these rats maintained brain electrical activity 91 ± 14 min longer than rats with normal brain glycogen levels and showed markedly reduced neuronal death. (aspetjournals.org)
Neurons8
- Progressive neuronal and motor dysfunction in mice overexpressing the serine protease inhibitor protease nexin-1 in postmitotic neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
- HNG protects against OGD-induced neuronal loss of life In our research, HNG (0.2 M) treatment alone had zero influence on the viability from the mouse cortical neurons. (biomedigs.org)
- IL10RB Open up in another window Amount 1 The consequences of HNG as well as the PI3K/Akt inhibitors wortmannin and Akti-1/2 on OGD-induced cell loss of life in principal cortical neurons. (biomedigs.org)
- Whether different neurons produce different complement inhibitors, each protecting a certain subset of synapses. (news-medical.net)
- Synaptic Signals from Glutamate-Treated Neurons Induce Aberrant Post-Synaptic Signals in Untreated Neuronal Networks. (uml.edu)
- Global cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, which leads to extensive neuronal damage, particularly the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. (springer.com)
- Danielisova V, Gottlieb M, Nemethova M et al (2009) Bradykinin postconditioning protects pyramidal CA1 neurons against delayed neuronal death in rat hippocampus. (springer.com)
- The selective neuronal dysfunction and subsequent loss of neurons in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and other parts of the brain can explain the clinical picture seen in cases of HD. (medscape.com)
Potent5
- Pipofezine is a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin. (csnpharm.cn)
- A cell-permeable and potent inhibitor that binds to BACE-1 active site and blocks its proteolytic activity (IC 50 = 15 nM for BACE-1, human and 29 nM for sAPP_NF in HEK293-APP NFEV cells). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Potent JAK3 inhibitor. (rndsystems.com)
- TWS 119 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (IC 50 = 30 nM). (tocris.com)
- A correlation between lesion locations and areas of 2S is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase resulting in cellular hypoxia. (cdc.gov)
Evidence that neuronal2
- Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
- There is increasing evidence that neuronal cell death occurs via extrinsic (death receptors) and intrinsic (mitochondria) pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Monoamine3
- Inhibitors of neuronal monoamine uptake. (wikipedia.org)
- You must not take Paroxetine-DP until 2 weeks after stopping monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs (MAOIs). (mydr.com.au)
- Drug treatments include monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as various drug combinations ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Selective serotonin7
- Sertraline HCl is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class and inhibits 5-HT with Ki of 13 nM. (csnpharm.cn)
- Paroxetine HCl is a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with antidepressant activity. (csnpharm.cn)
- Fluvoxketone is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. (csnpharm.cn)
- Fluvoxamine maleate is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and can be used as an antidepressant. (csnpharm.cn)
- Fluvoxamine is an antidepressant which functions pharmacologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. (csnpharm.cn)
- Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with Ki of 0.89 nM. (csnpharm.cn)
- It acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and along with zimelidine and indalpine, was one of the first of its kind. (wikipedia.org)
NNOS2
PI3K2
- However, the neuroprotective effects of remifentanil postconditioning were abolished by pretreatment of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. (springer.com)
- The results suggest that remifentanil postconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanisms might involve inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K pathway. (springer.com)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors6
- Brain damage from cholinesterase inhibitors reflects a direct toxic effect on neuronal tissue. (cdc.gov)
- Current thinking is that brain damage results from seizures triggered by cholinesterase inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
- Current thinking is that CNS damage from cholinesterase inhibitors is not a direct toxic effect, but is due to seizure activity. (cdc.gov)
- Seizures are more common in pediatric poisoning with cholinesterase inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
- Mechanisms of dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission by cholinesterase-inhibitors: implications for Gulf War Illness. (cdc.gov)
- Cholinesterase inhibitors can sometimes temporarily improve cognitive function. (msdmanuals.com)
Protease3
- Protease nexin-1 (PN-1), a secreted serine protease inhibitor, is constitutively expressed in distinct neuronal cell populations of the adult CNS. (ox.ac.uk)
- Curcumin (CUM) and protease inhibitor cocktail (kitty. (insulin-receptor.info)
- In higher eukaryotes, BIR domains inhibit apoptosis by acting as direct inhibitors of the caspase family of protease enzymes. (embl.de)
Signaling6
- Spontaneous neuronal signaling is inherently musical and mathematical: insight into the universal human affinity for music. (uml.edu)
- We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
- Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
- In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
- Here we analyzed neuronal actin signaling by a novel approach using actin mutant isoforms known to favor or preclude actin polymerization. (jneurosci.org)
- Electrical signaling in cochlear efferents is driven by an intrinsic neuronal oscillator. (ohsu.edu)
Dopamine2
- Conclusion: Repetitive exposure to AChE-inhibitors causes dopamine neurotransmission abnormalities, possibly contributing to brain dysfunction in GWI. (cdc.gov)
- Modulation of neuronal dopamine levels in diseases such as tardive dyskinesia, Tourette syndrome , Huntington's chorea , schizophrenia , and tardive dystonia , which are characterized, in part, by a hyperdopaminergic state, should provide symptomatic benefits for patients with these diseases," they say. (medscape.com)
Inhibition1
- Pharmacological BACE1-inhibition selectively remodeled the neuronal surface glycoproteome, resulting in up to 7-fold increased abundance of the BACE1 substrates APP, APLP1, SEZ6, SEZ6L, CNTN2, and CHL1, whereas other substrates were not or only mildly affected. (nih.gov)
Protects1
- 2020) The endogenous neuronal complement inhibitor SRPX2 protects against complement-mediated synapse elimination during development. (news-medical.net)
Proteins10
- This inhibitor, designated PIN, appears to be one of the most conserved proteins in nature, showing 92 percent amino acid identity with the nematode and rat homologs. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Therefore inhibits the phosphorylation of indication transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and regulates the downstream digesting of STAT3 pathways, raising B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-extra huge proteins appearance, and inhibiting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis appearance. (insulin-receptor.info)
- We also observed that ASK1DeltaN induced expression of several neuron-specific proteins and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, confirming that PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuronal cells by ASK1. (nih.gov)
- Paternal UBE3A-positive cells in the SCN show partial colocalization with the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and clock proteins (PER2 and BMAL1), supporting that paternal UBE3A expression in the SCN is often of neuronal origin. (nature.com)
- We've known about the complement proteins, but there was no data to show that there were actually any complement inhibitors in the brain,' Dr. Sia said. (news-medical.net)
- The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit apoptosis by interacting with and then regulating the functions of caspase-8 or caspase-9, -3 and -7 ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Domain found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and other proteins. (embl.de)
- It is found in proteins belonging to the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) family. (embl.de)
- Proteins with BIR domains are considered peptidase inhibitors in family I32. (embl.de)
- Apo E proteins influence beta-amyloid deposition, cytoskeletal integrity, and efficiency of neuronal repair. (msdmanuals.com)
Subclasses1
- Overall, our catalog of neuronal subclasses provides new understanding of hypothalamic organization and function. (nature.com)
Glycogen3
- Here, we used a novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, CP-316,819 ([ R - R *, S *]-5-chloro- N -[2-hydroxy-3-(methoxymethylamino)-3-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-1 H -indole-2-carboxamide), that causes glycogen accumulation under normoglycemic conditions but permits glycogen utilization when glucose concentrations are low. (aspetjournals.org)
- These studies establish a novel approach for manipulating brain glycogen concentration in normal, awake animals and provide in vivo confirmation that astrocyte glycogen supports neuronal function and survival during glucose deprivation. (aspetjournals.org)
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase Inhibitors " has 18 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)
SSRIs2
- Paroxetine HCl is an antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (csnpharm.cn)
- It belongs to a group of medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (mydr.com.au)
Vivo1
- These mice can serve to study early stages of in vivo neuronal dysfunction not yet associated with cell loss. (ox.ac.uk)
Antagonists1
- YIL 781 Due to the observation that NgR1 can bind multiple myelin-associated inhibitors a knowledge of NgR1 connections may lead to the look of particular receptor antagonists. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Kinase5
- extract could inhibit the development of Lewis GSK2126458 small molecule kinase inhibitor lung, A549 and SBC-3 cancers cells, and induce cancers cell apoptosis (23). (insulin-receptor.info)
- However, it GSK2126458 small molecule kinase inhibitor remains unclear whether ILL can inhibit lung malignancy cell metastasis and the associated mechanisms require further investigation. (insulin-receptor.info)
- 2005) suggested how the HN receptor might participate in a tyrosine kinase receptor family members since a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein) attenuates the neuroprotective activity of HNG against A toxicity in F11 neuronal crossbreed cells. (biomedigs.org)
- The Xenopus p27(Xic1) gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of the Cip/Kip family. (xenbase.org)
- TWS 119 is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen 2.0 Max and Tocriscreen Kinase Inhibitor Library . (tocris.com)
Genistein1
- Liang HW, Qiu SF, Shen J et al (2008) Genistein attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. (springer.com)
Tricyclic1
- Clomipramine HCl is a dibenzazepine-derived 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and a tricyclic antidepressant. (csnpharm.cn)
MAOIs1
- Tranylcypromine (2-PCPA, Parnate), one of nonselective and irreversible MAO-A/MAO-B inhibitors (MAOIs), is used to treat refractory depression after many other drugs have failed to treat the symptoms ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Toxicity1
Receptors1
- Therapeutic perturbations of these extracellular axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors or signalling mechanisms provide a degree of axonal sprouting and regeneration in the adult CNS. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Caspase2
- Healthy male Sprague‑Dawley rats were used in the present study to examine the radioprotective effect of a type of pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, following radiation, to investigate the effects of caspase blockade in a model of the nucleus of the abducens nerve. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Acts as a direct inhibitor of caspase enzymes. (embl.de)
Receptor1
- Vilazodone is a combined serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of major depression. (csnpharm.cn)
Selectively1
- Structural analogs of the active HDAC inhibitors that selectively target either HDAC1 or HDAC3 do not show similar increases in FXN mRNA levels. (frontiersin.org)
Specificity1
- By interrogating microarray data from neuronal cells treated with inhibitors of different specificity, we selected two genes encoding histone macroH2A ( H2AFY2 ) and Polycomb group ring finger 2 ( PCGF2 ) that were specifically down-regulated by the inhibitors targeting HDACs1 and 3 versus the more selective inhibitors for further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Synaptic2
- We distinguished 62 neuronal subtypes producing glutamatergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic markers for synaptic neurotransmission and harboring the ability to engage in task-dependent neurotransmitter switching. (nature.com)
- Their work has transformed the field of neuroscience and, in particular, has provided important advances in the study of synaptic transmission, neuronal development, neurotransmitter transporters, ion channels and the neurobiology of disease. (ohsu.edu)
Complement2
- It could also explain why some people are more susceptible to synapse loss because they have lower levels of certain complement inhibitors. (news-medical.net)
- The researchers focused on a neuronal complement inhibitor called SRPX2. (news-medical.net)
Mitochondrial1
- Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission [e.g. mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1)] may ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases and reduce the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy36 37 Here we interrogated the role of mitochondrial form and functional SGX-523 control within the cellular hierarchy of the most common primary intrinsic brain tumor glioblastoma using validated and well characterized. (biopaqc.com)
Cell8
- These findings suggest that the mechanisms of the Bax activation may differ depending on the type of cell death induction, and thus BIP exhibits selective suppression of a subtype of Bax-dependent neuronal death. (korea.ac.kr)
- Here we map neuronal identities in the hypothalamus by single-cell RNA sequencing. (nature.com)
- β-Secretase Inhibitor IV, CAS 797035-11-1, is a cell-permeable inhibitor that binds to BACE-1 active site and blocks its proteolytic activity (IC₅₀ = 15 nM for human BACE-1). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- 2003), Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(Xic1). (xenbase.org)
- Neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with various neurological damaging factors, including radiation ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Studies on the molecular mechanism of neuronal cell apoptosis following radiation have enriched the number of protective therapeutic strategies against radiation-induced neuronal cell death ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- z-VAD-fmk ( N -benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) is a powerful, irreversible and cell permeable inhibitor of caspases, and has been demonstrated to directly block the activity of caspases ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- [ 7 ] More recent data from striatal neuronal cultures transfected with mutant huntingtin and transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1) gene (another CAG repeat disorder) suggest that NIIs may not be necessary or sufficient to cause neuronal cell death, but translocation into the nucleus is sufficient to cause neuronal cell death. (medscape.com)
Mice2
Cerebral4
- In this study, we observed that BIP inhibited staurosporine-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebral cortex and cerebellar granule cells, but BIP failed to rescue granule cells from trophic signal deprivation-induced neuronal death, although both staurosporine-induced and trophic signal deprivation-induced neuronal death are dependent on Bax. (korea.ac.kr)
- Apoptosis is one of the major mechanisms that lead to neuronal death after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. (springer.com)
- We found remifentanil postconditioning markedly improved the spatial learning and memory as well as attenuated neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. (springer.com)
- Marked neuronal loss also is seen in deep layers of the cerebral cortex. (medscape.com)
Tumor1
- Mind tumor initiating cells (BTICs) coopt the neuronal high affinity GLUT3 blood sugar transporter to withstand metabolic tension. (biopaqc.com)
Axonal1
- Robust axonal growth is required during development to establish neuronal connectivity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Extracellular1
- Further research out of this group illustrated the efficiency of IN-1 as well as other anti-Nogo arrangements in various other types of experimental SCI (Raineteau research of extracellular axon development inhibitors in adult CNS damage. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Antidepressant2
- Venlafaxine is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. (csnpharm.cn)
- Fluoxetine HCl, an antidepressant, is an inhibitor of the selective serotonin reuptake with Kd of 0.81 nM against serotonin transporter. (csnpharm.cn)
Regulates1
- Neuronal activity regulates Matrin 3 abundance and function in a calcium-dependent manner through calpain-mediated cleavage and calmodulin binding. (nih.gov)
Antibodies2
- presented with neuronal surface antibodies and 33% experienced intracellular antibodies. (theupperroomsite.com)
- Patients with neuronal surface antibodies were more youthful (35 vs 48?years old, infections) and atypical AQP4-IgG, which presented with encephalitis syndrome (Fig.?1). (theupperroomsite.com)
Cells4
- Our results shed light on the mechanism whereby HDAC inhibitors increase FXN mRNA levels in FRDA neuronal cells. (frontiersin.org)
- ASK1DeltaN-induced neurite outgrowth was strongly inhibited by treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 but not with the MEK inhibitors, suggesting that activation of p38, rather than of ERK, is required for the neurite-inducing activity of ASK1 in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
- The CNS midline cells have been well-characterized and provide an excellent system to study the genetic origins of neuronal and glial diversity. (biotech-angels.com)
- Sokullu E, Dağcı T, Gözen O, Ersoy F, Öztarhan A (2017) The Effects of Carbon and Gold Ion Implanted Surfaces on Neuronal Stem Cells' Functions. (omicsonline.org)