Inhibitor of dna polymerases. Medical search. Frequent questions

PARP-1 is rapidly recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
Upon activation, PARP-1 synthesizes a structurally complex polymer composed of ADP-ribose units that facilitates local chromatin relaxation and the recruitment of DNA repair factors. (nature.com)
Here, we identify a function for PARP-1 in DNA DSB resection. (nature.com)
Remarkably, inhibition of PARP-1 leads to hyperresected DNA DSBs. (nature.com)
We show that loss of PARP-1 and hyperresection are associated with loss of Ku, 53BP1 and RIF1 resection inhibitors from the break site. (nature.com)
DNA curtains analysis show that EXO1-mediated resection is blocked by PARP-1. (nature.com)
Furthermore, PARP-1 abrogation leads to increased DNA resection tracks and an increase of homologous recombination in cellulo. (nature.com)
Our results, therefore, place PARP-1 activation as a critical early event for DNA DSB repair activation and regulation of resection. (nature.com)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear protein that uses NAD + to synthesize a multibranched polyanion composed of ADP-ribose moieties, giving rise to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), onto itself or a variety of target proteins. (nature.com)
PARP-1 acts as a highly sensitive sensor for DNA damage and rapidly produces PAR at newly generated DNA DSBs. (nature.com)
More recently, it has been shown that PARP-1 inhibition increases the speed of fork elongation and does not cause fork stalling, which is in contrast to the accepted model in which inhibitors of PARP induce fork stalling and collapse 15 . (nature.com)
It was also recently shown that PARP-1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication 16 and cells deficient in ribonucleotide excision repair are sensitized to PARP inhibition 17 . (nature.com)
De Murcia and colleagues provided the first evidence implicating PARP-1 in DNA repair by demonstrating that PARP-1-deficient mice are highly sensitive to γ-irradiation 21 . (nature.com)
As poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed in various cancer types, and is localized to the nucleus, PARP-1 can be safely targeted with Auger emitters to induce DNA damage in tumors. (osti.gov)
Here, we investigated a radioiodinated PARP inhibitor, [ 125 I]KX1, and show drug target specific DNA damage and subsequent killing of BRCA1 and non-BRCA mutant ovarian cancer cells at sub-pharmacological concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than traditional PARP inhibitors. (osti.gov)
NEW YORK, November 13, 2023 - Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) announced today that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) issued a positive opinion for TALZENNA® (talazoparib), an oral poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, in combination with XTANDI® (enzalutamide), for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in whom chemotherapy is not clinically indicated. (pfizer.com)
Olaparib is a type of drug called a PARP (poly [adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase) inhibitor. (cancersa.org.au)
PARP inhibitors can destroy cancer cells that are not good at repairing DNA damage. (cancersa.org.au)
U of A oncologist and cell biologist Michael Hendzel (right) was part of a national research team that identified how a new class of cancer drugs known as PARP inhibitors work, opening the door to better targeted therapy for cancer patients. (medicalxpress.com)
PARP inhibitors are molecular targeted cancer drugs used to treat women with ovarian cancer who have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. (medicalxpress.com)
The PARP inhibitors take advantage of that weakness and further interfere with the proteins known as poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP1 and PARP2), which cells use to repair the daily damage to DNA that occurs normally. (medicalxpress.com)
PARP inhibitors are the first cancer therapies developed to exploit a process known as synthetic lethality, in which cancers with specific mutations are many times more sensitive to the drug than normal cancer cells . (medicalxpress.com)
Poirier said that one percent of all cancer clinical trials now involve PARP inhibitors and they could be key to treating some intractable, aggressive cancers. (medicalxpress.com)
PARP inhibitors work for cancers where no other treatment shows promise, such as metastatic pancreatic cancers and castration-resistant prostate cancer ," he said. (medicalxpress.com)
Until now it was not understood how the PARP inhibitors work to interfere with cell repair. (medicalxpress.com)
The new research reveals that PARP proteins regulate double-strand repair in the DNA, and the inhibitors prevent the control of the process that digests away one strand of DNA so it can be matched up with a copy that is used to repair it. (medicalxpress.com)
The new study shows there is additional potential to develop and improve existing combination cancer treatments where radiation or chemotherapy that damages DNA is combined with drugs that target PARP. (medicalxpress.com)
A large number of clinical trials are currently combining PARP inhibitors with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. (medicalxpress.com)
Our work explains why PARP inhibitors and radiotherapy are a good combo," said Masson. (medicalxpress.com)
In fact, PARP inhibitors will increase sensitivity to radiation therapy in some patients. (medicalxpress.com)
In an era where we will commonly have complete genome sequences of human cancers, this study will enable the deployment of PARP inhibitors as a precision medicine in combination therapies," said Hendzel. (medicalxpress.com)
Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors were first reported over a decade ago to have substantial anti-tumorigenic effects in malignancies with defective DNA repair, specifically those with BRCA1/2 (breast cancer, early onset 1/2) mutations. (tmc.edu)
While no specific defects in DNA repair machinery have been reported in MPNST, sensitivity to PARP inhibition may be predicted by its complex karyotype and inherent genomic instability. (tmc.edu)
We also demonstrate the anti-MPNST effect of the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 in vitro and in vivo . (tmc.edu)
Our results suggest that PARP is a valuable anti-MPNST target and that sensitivity could be due to defective DNA repair pathways. (tmc.edu)
The increase in apoptosis was associated with activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). (cdc.gov)

The previous biophysical and biochemical studies of FTase and GGTase from these species illustrate their divergence from the human enzymes, providing opportunities to develop species specific FTase or GGTase inhibitors for treating infectious diseases.In this dissertation, we choose to target FTases from Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Plasmodium falciparum by repurposing and derivatizing the well-studied human FTase inhibitors. (duke.edu)
In the second study, an intein was inserted into DNA polymerases to produce temperature controlled enzymes. (duke.edu)
The cellular response to DNA damage involves an intricate network of enzymes responsible for sensing, signaling, and repairing damaged DNA, as well as the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints that collectively maintain genomic integrity 2 . (nature.com)
DNA polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis DNA.There are at least fifteen different DNA polymerases known in eukaryotes. (tocris.com)
These enzymes have roles in DNA repair, as well as DNA replication. (tocris.com)
DNA polymerases exhibit a surprising tolerance for analogs of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) despite the enzymes' highly evolved mechanisms for the specific recognition and discrimination of native dNTPs. (biotech-angels.com)
[2] Enzyme inhibitors also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Many poisons produced by animals or plants are enzyme inhibitors that block the activity of crucial enzymes in prey or predators . (wikipedia.org)
Small molecule inhibitors include essential primary metabolites that inhibit upstream enzymes that produce those metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
The binding site of inhibitors on enzymes is most commonly the same site that binds the substrate of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that modify the topological state of DNA and participate in fundamental metabolic processes such as replication, transcription, repair, recombination, and chromosome segregation (1) . (aacrjournals.org)
Other enzymes (e.g. helicase, topoisomerase, and DNA ligase) and protein factors (e.g. origin binding proteins and single-stranded binding proteins) are required for the replication process. (online-sciences.com)

Examples include methotrexate (used in chemotherapy and in treating rheumatic arthritis ) and the protease inhibitors used to treat HIV/AIDS . (wikipedia.org)
Protease inhibitors (PIs) inhibit the viral protease enzyme that is crucial to maturation of immature HIV virions after they bud from host cells. (msdmanuals.com)

DNA replication is the process of DNA synthesis using parent DNA strands as a template. (online-sciences.com)
DNA replication is semiconservative: Each DNA strand serves as a template for synthesis of a new strand producing two DNA molecules , each with one new strand and one old strand. (online-sciences.com)
The RNA-primed synthesis of DNA demonstrating the template function of the complementary strand parental DNA . (online-sciences.com)
The synthesis of a DNA molecule can be divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. (online-sciences.com)
They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and terminate synthesis of DNA chains. (msdmanuals.com)

We first derivatized human FTase inhibitor L-778,123, leading to a novel compound that shows potent inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans growth with MIC value of 3 µM. (duke.edu)
PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. (wikipedia.org)
By comparing the amplification of this template in the mixture to the amplification observed in a separate experiment in which the same template is used in the absence of inhibitors, the extent of inhibition in the investigated reaction mixture can be inferred. (wikipedia.org)
Reversible inhibitors produce different types of inhibition depending on whether they bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both. (wikipedia.org)
We present the first mechanistic mathematical model of polymerase inhibition by NA s that takes into account the reversibility of polymerase inhibition. (plos.org)
von Kleist M, Metzner P, Marquet R, Schütte C (2012) HIV-1 Polymerase Inhibition by Nucleoside Analogs: Cellular- and Kinetic Parameters of Efficacy, Susceptibility and Resistance Selection. (plos.org)
No degradation of single-or double-stranded DNA was observed in the fractions, indicating that inhibition was not due to degradation of the DNA. (elsevierpure.com)

The dynamic turnover of PAR within seconds to minutes is executed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, the main PAR-degrading enzyme, which possesses both endoglycosidic and exoglycosidic activities, thereby enabling a new round of DNA damage signaling 14 . (nature.com)
for comparision 10 μM α-thio-dATP with the poly(dT)42 template did not affect DNA polymerization. (biotech-angels.com)
The study, "Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Antagonizes DNA Resection at Double-Strand Breaks," was published today in Nature Communications. (medicalxpress.com)

Enzyme inhibitors are a chemically diverse set of substances that range in size from organic small molecules to macromolecular proteins . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to small molecules, some proteins act as enzyme inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
[6] Another class of inhibitor proteins is the ribonuclease inhibitors , which bind to ribonucleases in one of the tightest known protein-protein interactions . (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, DNA is packed inside the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, which consists of DNA, proteins such as histones, and RNA. (nature.com)

We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)

enzyme (E) accelerates conversion of substrates (S) to products (P). Bottom: by binding to the enzyme, inhibitor (I) blocks binding of substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Binding site shown in blue checkerboard, substrate as black rectangle, and inhibitor as green rounded rectangle. (wikipedia.org)
An enzyme inhibitor stops ("inhibits") this process, either by binding to the enzyme's active site (thus preventing the substrate itself from binding) or by binding to another site on the enzyme such that the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction is blocked. (wikipedia.org)

This makes the error rate during DNA replication very low, hence maintaining the integrity of the genome. (tocris.com)
Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
These ORFs were first identified as essential for oriLyt-dependent DNA replication ( Pari and Anders, 1993 ). (frontiersin.org)
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is involved in the correction of base/base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops arising during replication. (aacrjournals.org)
They compete with endogenous nucleotides (dNTP/NTP) for incorporation into nascent DNA/RNA and inhibit replication by preventing subsequent primer extension. (plos.org)
Its principle is based on the use of DNA polymerase which is an in vitro replication of specific DNA sequences. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication begins at specific locations of replication in the cell , and it produces two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule . (online-sciences.com)
DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. (online-sciences.com)
Having multiple origins of replication provides a mechanism for rapidly replicating the great length of eukaryotic DNA molecules. (online-sciences.com)
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus during the synthetic (S) phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle . (online-sciences.com)
[ 5 ] yet they cannot clear the replication template of HBV ie covalently closed circular DNA. (medscape.com)

Samples were tested for the presence of amplifiable DNA and absence of inhibitors by performing beta globin PCR. (cdc.gov)

Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) competitively inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, as do NRTIs, but do not require initial phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)

CONCLUSION The experiments reported here with dNTP analogs challenge the limits of nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerases including the stereochemistry at the electrophilic phosphate the hydrogen bonding capability of the incoming base and the mechanisms of fidelity checking. (biotech-angels.com)
energetic site recommending that DinB and DNA pol κ adopt different conformations with regards to the sugar from the incoming nucleotide. (acancerjourney.info)
We can therefore amplify nucleotide sequences from infinitesimal amounts of DNA extract. (intechopen.com)
sgRNAs with +67 or +85 nucleotide (nt) tracrRNA tails mediated DNA cleavage at all target sites tested, with up to fivefold higher levels of indels than the corresponding crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)

The overuse of nucleoside analogs, such as acyclovir (ACV), which suppresses viral DNA polymerase, has led to drug resistance. (molvis.org)

Reference: Structure of a small-molecule inhibitor of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp. (neb.com)
We identify a small-molecule compound that binds the protein-binding site in the Escherichia coli beta-clamp and differentially affects the activity of DNA polymerases II, III, and IV. (neb.com)
The analysis reveals that the small molecule localizes in a region of the clamp to which the DNA polymerases attach in different ways. (neb.com)
The results suggest that the small molecule may be useful in the future to probe polymerase function with beta, and that the beta-clamp may represent an antibiotic target. (neb.com)
[3] [2] Small molecule enzyme inhibitors also include secondary metabolites , which are not essential to the organism that produces them, but provide the organism with an evolutionary advantage, in that they can be used to repel predators or competing organisms or immobilize prey. (wikipedia.org)

Inhibitors can escape removal during the DNA purification procedure by binding directly to single or double-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Starting DNA must be double-stranded for the purpose of accurate concentration determination. (unclineberger.org)
After a series of successive cycles of amplification, the presence of double stranded DNA product was visualized on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. (cdc.gov)

Enzyme inhibitors may bind reversibly or irreversibly. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme inhibitors play an important role in all cells, since they are generally specific to one enzyme each and serve to control that enzyme's activity. (wikipedia.org)
Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit an aberrant human enzyme or an enzyme critical for the survival of a pathogen such as a virus , bacterium or parasite . (wikipedia.org)
Medicinal enzyme inhibitors often have low dissociation constants , meaning that only a minute amount of the inhibitor is required to inhibit the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Hence the discovery and refinement of enzyme inhibitors is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology . (wikipedia.org)
[7] A special case of protein enzyme inhibitors are zymogens that contain an autoinhibitory N-terminal peptide that binds to the active site of enzyme that intramolecularly blocks its activity as a protective mechanism against uncontrolled catalysis. (wikipedia.org)

DNA polymerases I, II and III have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and they can remove incorrectly newly incorporated nucleotides. (tocris.com)

PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (wikipedia.org)
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a powerful and sensitive technique for DNA amplification. (neb.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was invented by Mullis in 1983 and patented in 1985. (intechopen.com)

DNA polymerase ε removes the primers of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (online-sciences.com)
During PCR testing, Taq polymerase and DNA primers complementary to a unique sequence of target DNA were used to greatly amplify that region if the target was present in the sample. (cdc.gov)

DNA polymerase γ synthesizes mitochondrial DNA . (online-sciences.com)

Reflecting the limits for such accommodations DNA polymerases are known to exhibit strong sensitivity to minor changes in dNTP size and shape.8 12 Our analysis benefits from comparing single molecule data with native and analog dNTPs during numerous processive incorporation events. (biotech-angels.com)
Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase allows for greater amplification sensitivity and increased ease of reaction setup. (neb.com)
We have shown that colorectal cancer cell lines defective in DNA MMR exhibit an increased sensitivity to both camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor. (aacrjournals.org)
Our results also indicate that neither p53 status, nor cell cycle alterations correlate with the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to topoisomerase inhibitors. (aacrjournals.org)
Further evaluation of these inhibitors has shown multiple mechanisms of sensitivity, all of which are associated with the DNA damage response and DNA repair. (tmc.edu)
This greatly enhanced the sensitivity of assays used to detect that specific sequence of DNA. (cdc.gov)

Integrase inhibitors prevent HIV DNA from being integrated into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)

Compounds that inhibit cell production of DNA or RNA. (bvsalud.org)

SWCNT induced a significant activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and the effect was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. (cdc.gov)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme. (msdmanuals.com)

As well as methods for the removal of inhibitors from samples before PCR, some DNA polymerases offer varying resistance to different inhibitors and increasing the concentration of the chosen DNA polymerase also confers some resistance to polymerase-targeted inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Through mathematical modeling, we assess the mechanisms by which HIV-1 can develop resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (plos.org)

DISCUSSION The dNTP analogs were chosen for their ability to be incorporated into DNA templates by DNA polymerases and variations in sizes structures and reactivity. (biotech-angels.com)
In this case alternative of oxygen with chlorine dramatically decreases the strength of the hydrogen bonding.39 Like 6-Cl-2APTP sulfur-substituted analogs 2-thio-dTTP and 2-thio-dCTP also form larger base pairs due to the increased bond length of the thiocarbonyl.40 The single-molecule experiments carried out in this study illustrate and shed new light around the well-appreciated plasticity of DNA polymerases like KF. (biotech-angels.com)

The inhibitory effects were less potent for the activities of the large (Klenow) fragment of DNA polymerase I and T4 DNA polymerase than for DNA polymerase HI holoenzyme. (elsevierpure.com)

Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side effects in humans, provided that no analogous enzyme is found in humans. (wikipedia.org)
With the availability of new co-formulated HIV drugs, many patients could benefit from simplification of their ART regimen, guided by HIV DNA archive genotype testing (GenoSure Archive). (msdmanuals.com)

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity . (wikipedia.org)
It aims at the formation of a copy of the parent DNA molecule for the daughter cell. (online-sciences.com)

The Taq DNA Polymerase is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends nucleos(t)ide therapy for the treatment of patients with acute liver failure, as well as cirrhotic patients who are HBV DNA positive and those with clinical complications, cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis with positive serum HBV DNA, or reactivation of chronic HBV during or after chemotherapy or immunosuppression. (medscape.com)

Attachment inhibitors bind directly to the viral envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120), close to the CD4+ binding site, which prohibits the conformational change necessary for initial interaction between the virus and the surface receptors on CD4 cells, thereby preventing attachment and subsequent entry into host T cells and other immune cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Because MMR is assumed to modulate cytotoxicity to various chemotherapeutic agents that act upon DNA, our objectives have been to define its possible involvement in the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase inhibitors. (aacrjournals.org)

Mg++ concentration of 1.5-2.0 mM is optimal for most PCR products generated with Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase. (neb.com)
We generally recommend using Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase at a concentration of 25 units/ml (1.25 units/50 μl reaction). (neb.com)
However, the optimal concentration of Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase may range from 5-50 units/ml (0.25-2.5 units/50 μl reaction) in specialized applications. (neb.com)
A low concentration of the enzyme inhibitor reduces the risk for liver and kidney damage and other adverse drug reactions in humans. (wikipedia.org)
A minimum of 200 ng of DNA at a concentration of 10 ng/µl µl is required for each sample that is turned in. (unclineberger.org)

Y-family DNA pol DinB with complementary or mismatched bottom pairs in the dynamic site are highly very similar [31]. (acancerjourney.info)

They inhibit DNA/RNA polymerization after being incorporated into nascent DNA/RNA, which prevents primer extension. (plos.org)

Taq DNA Polymerase is supplied with the unique QIAGEN PCR Buffer that minimizes the need for optimization of PCR parameters, as well as Q-Solution, a novel additive that enables efficient amplification of "difficult" (e.g. (qiagen.com)

DNA polymerases utilize one deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate as a source of the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate for the growing DNA strand by the removal of pyrophosphate. (online-sciences.com)

We isolated fractions by Mono Q chromatography that inhibited the activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme using an assay system with a primed single-stranded DNA template coated with single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB). (elsevierpure.com)

PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, by reducing the availability of cofactors (such as Mg2+) or otherwise interfering with their interaction with the DNA polymerase, PCR is inhibited. (wikipedia.org)

3 classes inhibit reverse transcriptase by blocking its RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. (msdmanuals.com)

By contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and may spontaneously leave the enzyme, allowing the enzyme to resume its function. (wikipedia.org)
Post-attachment inhibitors bind to the CD4 receptor and prevent HIV (that also binds to the CD4 receptor) from entering the cell. (msdmanuals.com)

The factors did not inhibit the activity of RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. (elsevierpure.com)

Specifically, decreased cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were observed in MPNST cell lines at AZD2281 doses and time points similar to, or less than, those used in cells lines with known DNA repair defects. (tmc.edu)
It is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division . (online-sciences.com)
M phase), each daughter cell receives one of the two identical DNA molecules. (online-sciences.com)

To understand the molecular basis of this discrimination, the cocrystal structure of the chemical inhibitor is solved in complex with beta and is compared with the structures of Pol II, Pol III, and Pol IV peptides bound to beta. (neb.com)
Our observations suggest which the steric gate is essential for rNTP discrimination due to its function in specifically marketing a dNTP-induced conformational transformation which rNTP discrimination takes place in a comparatively shut condition from the polymerases. (acancerjourney.info)

Indeed, if the sequence of interest is present in the DNA extract, it is possible to selectively replicate it (we speak of amplification) in very large numbers. (intechopen.com)

People with the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation have a defect in their cells' ability to repair double-strand breaks in the DNA, which puts them at increased risk of developing breast cancer. (medicalxpress.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms37

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs140

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes54

Information Science4

Health Care3

PARP36

Enzymes12

Protease inhibitors2

Synthesis5

Inhibition7

Poly3

Proteins4

Viral polymerase1

Substrate3

Replication12

Absence of inhibitors1

NRTIs3

Nucleotide4

Drug Resistance1

Small-molecule5

Double-stranded3

Enzyme inhibitors6

Exonuclease activity1

Chain reaction3

Primers2

Mitochondrial1

Sensitivity6

Integrase1

Compounds1

MAPK1

NNRTIs1

Resistance2

Analogs2

Potent1

Drugs2

Molecule2

Molecular Biology1

Patients1

Gp1201

Topoisomerase1

Concentration5

Complementary1

Polymerization1

Buffer1

Deoxyribonucleoside1

Protein1

Interaction2

Reverse1

Bind2

Activity1

Cell3

Discrimination2

Amplification1

Breast Cancer1