Inhibitor gene p21 show that p21. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, Runx2 controls the gene expression of cyclin D2, D3, and the CDK inhibitor p21(cip1) in hematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1), a factor implicated in cell cycle, senescence, and cancer. (ed.ac.uk)
This new and unprecedented evidence for a link between SdhD dysfunction and p21(WAF1/Cip1) will open new avenues for the study of the mechanisms that cause tumors in Sdh mutants. (ed.ac.uk)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
EBF3 bound directly to p21 cip1/waf1 promoter and regulated transcription from both p21 cip1/waf1 and p27 kip1 promoters in reporter assays. (aacrjournals.org)
Protein levels of CDKN1A -encoded p21 CIP1/WAF1 were determined by western blotting and the importance of p53 was shown by immunofluorescence and by a loss-of-function approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
AKT prevents cell death by inactivating proapoptotic factors including BAD, procaspase-9 and Forkhead transcription factor family proteins (FOXOs), activates transcription factors that upregulate antiapoptotic genes, including NF-kB, inactivates p53 through Mdm2, and phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitors p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p27 KIP1 , thus increasing cell proliferation (Hennessy et al. (ebrary.net)
SnCs exhibit irreversible growth arrest accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as p16 INK4a , and p21 Cip1 , accumulation of DNA damages, and secretion of diverse bioactive molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (aging-us.com)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)

It has been shown that on a molecular level, Runx associates with the cdc2 partner cyclin B1 during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
In this model, the senescence-sensitive promoter from the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A ( Cdkn2a ) gene, also known as p16 INK4a , drives expression of 3MR, a fusion protein that is composed of luciferase and red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporters and herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase, which converts ganciclovir (GCV) into an apoptosis inducer. (jax.org)
At the molecular level, pitavastatin induced expression of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 in a cholesterol independent manner, blocked repressive phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein at CDK targeted sites, and reduced expression of E2F target genes required for progression through the G1/S boundary. (oncotarget.com)
Further, the mechanism of ICA-induced cell proliferation of neural stem cells was investigated by analyzing the gene and protein expression of cell cycle related genes cyclin D1 and p21. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, it was found that icariin-induced effect on neural stem cells is associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of cell cycle genes cyclin D1 and p21. (biomedcentral.com)
p16 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that has shown prognostic utility in some human cancers. (umich.edu)
p27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with many putative functions in normal and neoplastic cells. (umich.edu)
HPIMBD also inhibits the proteins expression degrees of oncogene c-Myc and cell routine proteins cyclin D1 genes downstream to ERα and essential ROCK inhibitor-1 regulators of cell routine and mobile proliferation. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
We further demonstrate that HPIMBD significantly inhibits protein expression levels of oncogenes c-Myc and cyclin D1 and induces protein expression levels of tumor suppressors p53 and p21 in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
Several hallmarks of cellular senescence, such as cell cycle arrest, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, DNA damages, and senescence-associated secretory profile were evaluated. (aging-us.com)
p21 has been recognized by virtue of its activation by p53 (13) its association with cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes (23 66 and its up-regulation during senescence (47). (bio2009.org)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

However, we found that the Cdkn1a gene was up-regulated in both tissues. (ed.ac.uk)
Interestingly, expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A) was regulated by LRH-1 in HCT116 cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
This protective effect of preaccumulated p53 was mediated, at least in part, by the increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, subsequent down-regulation of BRCA1, and impaired JNK activation accompanied by decreased association of replication protein A with chromatin. (rupress.org)

Runx2 is responsible for inducing the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells into immature osteoblasts, as well as activating expression of several key downstream proteins that maintain osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix genes. (wikipedia.org)
During this work, the function of the proteins Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12, which were shown previously to be involved in ribosome biogenesis of mature cell lines, was investigated in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
a map is constructed that shows interactions among molecular entities (such as genes, proteins and RNAs), using information from literature and databases. (hindawi.com)
HPIMBD considerably induces proteins expression degrees of tumor suppressors p53 and p21 in MCF-7 cells. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
In addition acetylation of transcription factors offers been shown elsewhere to impact the stability and intracellular localization of proteins or to modulate the affinity for DNA or additional proteins (34). (bio2009.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Here, we show that p16 Ink4a deficiency enhances fasting-induced hepatic glucose production in vivo by increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic genes. (diabetesjournals.org)

In addition, Runx2 has been shown to interact with several kinases that contribute to facilitate cell-cycle dependent dynamics via direct protein phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrate that LRH-1-mediated p21 regulation in HCT116 cells does not involve altered p53 protein or phosphorylation, and we show that LRH-1 inhibits p53 recruitment to the p21 promoter, likely through a mechanism involving chromatin remodelling. (dundee.ac.uk)
In this study, we show that Tip60 is required for the early DNA damage response (DDR) to UV, including the phosphorylation of histone 2AX, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and ataxia telangiectasia-related substrates. (rupress.org)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor activation results in phosphorylation and inactivation of inhibitor kB by IKK, thus resulting in activation of NF-kB. (medscape.com)

The transcriptional activation from CACNA1F the p21 gene by these inhibitors is normally marketed by chromatin redecorating pursuing acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in the p21 promoter area (32 54 This activation of p21 takes place within a p53-unbiased fashion and for that reason HDAC inhibitors are appealing realtors for cancers therapy being that they are operative in cells with mutated p53 genes a hallmark of several tumors. (bio2009.org)
The promoter from the individual p21 gene harbors six conserved GC containers binding sites for the transcription aspect Sp1. (bio2009.org)
In addition to its function as a transcriptional activator Sp1 offers been recently shown to act as a repressor by recruiting HDAC1 to the growth-regulated murine thymidine kinase gene (TK) promoter (11). (bio2009.org)
Luciferase reporter constructs driven by the human being p21 promoter were previously. (bio2009.org)
These dCas9-activator fusions targeted to the promoter region of endogenous genes can then modulate gene expression 7 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

Both genes are involved in transcriptional repression and we speculate their involvement in FXN gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
To demonstrate the application of this approach, we adopt it to investigate mechanisms of collective repression on p21 by multiple miRNAs. (hindawi.com)
Finally, the integration of quantitative data and modeling helped us to generate and validate hypotheses about mechanisms of collective miRNA repression on p21. (hindawi.com)
Since the recruitment of HDAC leads to transcriptional repression, inhibitors of this enzymatic activity can reverse aberrant repression in cancer cells and lead to re-expression of epigenetically silenced genes involved in growth and differentiation processes. (iiarjournals.org)
Cardiac myocytes infected with an adenoviral vector expressing constitutively active Pak-1 showed a repression of Erk1/2 activation. (ox.ac.uk)
Activation of p53 efficiently counteracts deacetylase-mediated repression and induces cell cycle arrest by activating the p21 gene. (bio2009.org)

The relationship between p53 and Mdm2 has been shown to be vital to the normal functioning of the human cell, and also has other implications in cancer. (shu.edu)
Interestingly, in eight cases with p53 wild-type gene, 6 cases (75%) showed a marked down-regulation of p14ARF mRNA, and three cases (37.5%) over-expressed MDM2 mRNA. (nih.gov)
Only one case with wild-type p53 gene showed normal level expression of p53 regulatory-factors (p33ING1, p14ARF, and MDM2). (nih.gov)
Rather, p53 accumulation by either knockdown of Mdm2 or addition of an Mdm2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, before irradiation strongly attenuated the UV-induced DDR and increased cell survival. (rupress.org)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

succinate dehydrogenase, Sdh) genes cause familiar pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma tumors. (ed.ac.uk)
In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
NO and Ets 1 contribute to an aggressive basal like phenotype NOS2 expression is linked using a basal like pheno kind in ER breast tumors and NO signaling success in enhanced expression of basal like signature genes in ER human breast cancer cell lines. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. (nature.com)
The applica tion of new genetic tools also led to the discovery of an important familial neuroblastoma cancer gene, ALK , which is mutated in approximately 8% of sporadic tumors, and genome-wide association studies have unveiled loci with risk alleles for neuroblastoma development. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeted molecular therapy against EGFR has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy in preliminary studies in several solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. (medscape.com)

Using a newly developed human neuronal cell model, derived from patient-induced pluripotent stem cells, we find that 2-aminobenzamide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increase FXN mRNA levels and frataxin protein in FRDA neuronal cells. (frontiersin.org)
Structural analogs of the active HDAC inhibitors that selectively target either HDAC1 or HDAC3 do not show similar increases in FXN mRNA levels. (frontiersin.org)
To understand the mechanism of action of these compounds, we probed the kinetic properties of the active and inactive inhibitors, and found that only compounds that target HDACs 1 and 3 exhibited a slow-on/slow-off mechanism of action for the HDAC enzymes. (frontiersin.org)
Our results shed light on the mechanism whereby HDAC inhibitors increase FXN mRNA levels in FRDA neuronal cells. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, VPA has demonstrated antitumor activity as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. (iiarjournals.org)
Histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) determine the acetylation status of histones and are therefore considered as key elements in the dynamic regulation of gene expression ( 1 - 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Therefore, HDAC inhibitors are considered as candidate drugs in cancer therapy ( 4 - 6 ). (iiarjournals.org)
We demonstrated previously that valproic acid (VPA) and other short-chain fatty acids, as HDAC inhibitors, can arrest cell growth and induce differentiation in human neuroblastoma cells ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)
The effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors, expecially VPA, in neuroblastoma cells, prompted us to investigate the anticancer activity of VPA in other neural crest-derived malignancies, such as glioblastoma, melanoma and Askin tumor. (iiarjournals.org)

p53 dependence for the regulation of p21 by LRH-1 was confirmed by p53 knockdown with siRNA, while LRH-1-regulation of p21 was not evident in HCT116 cells where p53 had been deleted. (dundee.ac.uk)
The application of the systems biology approach to the analysis of a gene regulatory network is demonstrated with a case study of the regulation of p21 by multiple miRNAs [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. (nih.gov)
This study evidently demonstrates the potentiating effect of ICA on neural stem cell growth and proliferation, which might be mediated through regulation of cell cycle gene and protein expression promoting cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacological treatment of AD such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA channel blocker has some beneficial effects on cognitive and behavioral symptoms, but it does not stop or reverse the progression of the disease [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletion or mutation of the p16 gene leads to tumor development or tumor progression. (umich.edu)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)

JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 1B (JHDM1B, also called FBXL10 or KDM2B) is a conserved and ubiquitously expressed member of the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase (JHDM) family involved in the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) and dimethylated lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me2), thereby removing active chromatin marks and inhibiting gene transcription [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Differently from other agents targeting a single gene product, epigenetic drugs have chromatin as their target. (iiarjournals.org)

In the present work, we show that the inhibition of BCL6, either by its gene silencing or by using specific small molecule inhibitors, impairs the migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells, by reducing cell adhesion and compromising the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)

Western blotting showed that Ets one siRNA resulted in suppression of Ets one protein expression. (checkpointinhibitor.com)

Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Mechanism of action studies showed that Kevetrin strongly induced apoptosis by activation of Caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP. (shu.edu)
Ablation of p21-activated kinase-1 in mice promotes isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in association with activation of Erk1/2 and inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A. (ox.ac.uk)
Earlier investigations in our lab indicated an anti-adrenergic effect induced by activation of p21-activated kinase (Pak-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). (ox.ac.uk)
ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and Erk1/2 activation in Pak-1-KO/ISO were attenuated when the selective Erk1/2 inhibitor FR180204 was administered. (ox.ac.uk)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
NEMO/IKK -gamma is the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor kappa kinase (IKK) complex and is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kB). (medscape.com)
We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)

TTC triplet repeat expansion in an intron of the nuclear FXN gene, which encodes the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this work, we made use of the inducible SDHD-ESR mouse, a conditional mutant in the SdhD gene, which encodes the small subunit of MCII, and that acts as a tumor suppressor gene in humans. (ed.ac.uk)
This gene encodes a member of the RecA/Rad51-related protein family that participates in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. (cancerindex.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
Our recent report indicated that tumor suppressor gene ( p53 ) mutations and protein aberrant expression were detected in pterygium. (molvis.org)
Gene mutations that cause functional or numerical centrosome aberrations are associated with main microcephaly, a developmental disorder that results in the?reduced thickness of the cerebral cortex. (climat2050.org)
Incontinentia pigmenti is caused by mutations in the NEMO/IKK -gamma gene, which is located on chromosome Xq28. (medscape.com)

Increased mRNA levels of these genes could also be observed in primary term cytotrophoblasts depleted of BCL6. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Histone post-translational modifications near the expanded repeats are consistent with heterochromatin formation and consequent FXN gene silencing. (frontiersin.org)
By interrogating microarray data from neuronal cells treated with inhibitors of different specificity, we selected two genes encoding histone macroH2A ( H2AFY2 ) and Polycomb group ring finger 2 ( PCGF2 ) that were specifically down-regulated by the inhibitors targeting HDACs1 and 3 versus the more selective inhibitors for further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Arsenic exposure of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced nuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and PRMT4, histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation proximal to the ARE, but not to the non-ARE regions of ferritin genes. (embl.de)
In contrast, histone deacetylases promote gene expression in the mitochondrial stress response, immunity, and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently several reports showed the induction of p21 by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) such as for example sodium butyrate (46) trichostatin A (TSA) (56) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acidity (51) oxamflatin (32) MS-27-275 (52) apicidin (22) and trapoxin (54). (bio2009.org)
The tumor suppressor p53 directly interacts with Sp1 and may compete with the transcriptional repressor HDAC1 for binding to the C terminus of Sp1 leading to histone acetylation and concomitant manifestation of p21. (bio2009.org)

The accessibility and transcription of ribosomal genes is controlled at several levels, with their epigenetic regulation being one of the most important. (oncotarget.com)
Global CpG island hypermethylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is also a unique feature of EBVaGC and is considered to be crucial for its carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)
Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)

In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition to being the master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, Runx2 has also been shown to play several roles in cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Since JHDM1B is a negative regulator of gene transcription, we focused on the effects induced by JHDM1B knock-down (KD). (oncotarget.com)
With this statement we display that HDAC1 is definitely a crucial regulator of p21 gene manifestation. (bio2009.org)

While loss of wild-type p53 causes fatal damages to the genome, it is not surprising that the TP53 gene is mutated in more than 50% human cancers, and the functions of p53 are often impeded through various mechanisms in the remainder ( Levine and Oren, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)
Fifteen of 25 colorectal cancers (60%) showed abnormal accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus, and the remaining 10 colorectal cancers (40%) were negative for p53 immunostaining. (nih.gov)
Data table showing topics related to specific cancers and associated disorders. (cancerindex.org)
Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Altered expression of this gene has been observed in multiple human cancers. (cancerindex.org)

This is due, in part, to the fact that Runx2 interacts with many cellular proliferation genes on a transcription level, such as c-Myb and C/EBP, as well as p53/ These functions are critical for osteoblast proliferation and maintenance. (wikipedia.org)
In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
DAVID bioinformatic data showed that most of the biological process GO terms are related to proliferation and apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
We hypothesized that FO might regulate related genes in apoptosis and PI3K-AKT pathways to mediate the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The present study showed that icariin promotes the growth and proliferation of neural stem cells from rat hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Estrogen receptors α and β have already been shown to possess opposing jobs in mobile proliferation. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
One analog 4 1 2 (HPIMBD) showed better potency than Res in inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines [40]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
We demonstrate that HPIMBD considerably induces the manifestation of ERβ ROCK inhibitor-1 and inhibits the manifestation of ERα. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)

In contrast, ES cells showed strong induction of p53, but no induction of its target gene p21. (uni-muenchen.de)
Induction of p21 expression by genotoxic stress and its role during terminal differentiation of various cell types have been investigated intensively. (bio2009.org)

The two SDHD-ESR cell lines also showed accumulation of this protein. (ed.ac.uk)
5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
While p21 is usually activated by p53-dependent mechanisms in response to DNA damage to make sure cell cycle arrest and repair a number of realtors that promote differentiation like phorbol ester 67346-49-0 or okadaic acidity can up-regulate p21 separately of p53 (for an assessment see reference point 16). (bio2009.org)

The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in colonic tissue were also analyzed. (carcinogenesis.com)
These findings indicate that the doenjang attenuated colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM and DSS by ameliorating the symptoms of colon cancer, reducing the occurrence of neoplasia, regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, and controlling the expressions of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in the colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In OA, while it has been shown to reduce the severity of the disease in the murine model [ 8 , 16 ], the senolytic UBX0101 failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy in humans. (aging-us.com)

According to their nucleolar localization, depletion of Pes1 and Bop1 were shown to inhibit maturation of the 28S rRNA and thereby the large 60S ribosomal subunit. (uni-muenchen.de)
Here, we show, using mouse embryos, that conditional knockout of the augmin subunit in apical progenitors led to spindle defects and mitotic delay. (climat2050.org)

We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Taken?together, the info shows that mitotic spindle flaws in cKO progenitors aren't catastrophic by itself, but efficiently cause cell routine arrest and apoptotic cell loss of life upon conclusion of mitosis. (climat2050.org)
effects the main target for p53-induced cell cycle arrest seems to be the p21 gene. (bio2009.org)

This primer describes these pleiotropic roles of Hes genes in some developmental processes and aims to clarify the basic mechanism of how gene networks operate in vertebrate embryogenesis. (biologists.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)

For some of the genomic regions that are deleted in some neuroblastomas, on 1p, 3p and 11q, candidate tumor suppressor genes have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)

Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)
The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates other genes as well, including Dbp, Tef, Hlf, and Rev-Erbα, which codes for an orphan nuclear receptor. (aging-us.com)

Likewise, p16/p21 double knockout mice, which have very few senescent cells, showed similar delays in wound closure. (jax.org)
Wild-type (WT) and Pak-1-knockout (Pak-1-KO) mice were randomized into six groups to receive either ISO, saline (CTRL), or ISO and FR180204, a selective inhibitor of Erk1/2. (ox.ac.uk)

In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
In these cellular models, prolonged JHDM1B downregulation triggered a surge of 45S pre-rRNA transcription and processing, associated with a re-modulation of the H3K36me2 levels at rDNA loci and with changes in DNA methylation of specific CpG sites in rDNA genes. (oncotarget.com)

TTC expansion mutation is to reduce expression of frataxin at the level of transcription ( 3 ), through the formation of heterochromatin and subsequent gene silencing ( 4 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this report, we analyzed p53 protein expression and gene mutation in pterygium in comparison with HPV 16/18 infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in pterygium tissues to understand whether the HPV infection was involved in pterygium pathogenesis. (molvis.org)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

To achieve this, p53 mainly functions as a transcription factor (TF) targeting hundreds of genes, but it also has TF-independent roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm [ 6 ]. (nature.com)

The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. (checkpointinhibitor.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent effectors in gene regulatory networks where aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to human diseases such as cancer. (hindawi.com)
For a better understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in coordinating gene expression, we here present a systems biology approach combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments. (hindawi.com)
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are physically small, they have been shown to play an important role in gene regulation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The systems biology approach, combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments, provides a systematic and comprehensive perspective on the regulatory roles of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Likewise the p21 67346-49-0 gene could be turned on by transforming development aspect β Ca2+ lovastatin or nerve development aspect (16). (bio2009.org)

The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
p21 regulation was not observed in HT29 cells, where p53 is mutated. (dundee.ac.uk)
Our results showed that GC-MSCs were resistant to 5-FU and Taxol at the IC50 concentration for GC cells, and 5-FU could promote the migration of GC-MSCs at low doses. (bvsalud.org)
Screening with RNA-Seq in Huh7 cells treated with FO revealed that 317 genes were modulated, of which 188 genes were upregulated and 129 genes were downregulated. (hindawi.com)
Herein, genome-wide transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq) was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in FO-treated Huh7 cells, with the aim of uncovering the pharmacologic pattern. (hindawi.com)
The presence of these labeled cells coincided with wound-healing markers, such as p16, p21, SA-β-gal, and inflammatory and pro-angiogenic molecules. (jax.org)
We also found that after JHDM1B KD, cells showed a higher ribosome content: which were engaged in mRNA translation. (oncotarget.com)
Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
Kidney tissues from diabetic rats and human DN biopsies showed ENT2 redistribution to an intracellular pattern, evidencing dysfunctional adenosine uptake. (bvsalud.org)
and xenograft research it's been difficult to show such results in human research ROCK inhibitor-1 [39]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
We show that NBPF is expressed in the non-proliferative suprabasal layers of squamous stratified epithelia of human skin and cervix. (biomedcentral.com)

PARP-1 cleavage by various suicidal proteases like caspases, calpain, cathepsins and granzymes liberates fragments with specific molecular weights and are shown in this schematic representation. (shu.edu)
The molecular structure of FO is shown in Figure 1 , and the method of synthesizing FO was done according to our previous report. (hindawi.com)
We first construct a p21 regulatory network based on data from the literature and further expand it using algorithms that predict molecular interactions. (hindawi.com)

Ploidy and MYCN amplification have been used as genetic markers for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making, and, more recently, gene expression profiling and genome-wide DNA copy number analysis have come into the picture as sensitive and specific tools for assessing prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms8

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Cip110

WAF11

Cyclin14

Cdkn1a4

Proteins7

Ink4a2

Phosphorylation4

Promoter5

Repression6

Mdm25

Tumors6

HDAC9

Regulation of p212

Progression5

Chromatin2

Small molecule inhibitors3

SiRNA1

Activation10

Encodes4

Mutations4

MRNA levels1

Histone6

Epigenetic4

Expression regulation2

Regulator3

Cancers5

Proliferation10

Inhibits2

Induction2

Accumulation2

Regulate2

Apoptosis-related2

Humans2

Subunit2

Arrest3

Mechanism3

Genomic1

Activates2

Knockout2

Cellular2

Mutation3

Transcription factor1

Selectively2

Kinases1

Checkpoint1

MiRNAs4

Likewise1

Cells11

Human4

Molecular3

Genome-wide1