• The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a major plasma protein and a member of the cystatin superfamily of protease inhibitors (2, 3). (rndsystems.com)
  • Cystatin A, also known as Stefin A, Cystatin AS or Keratolinin, is a member of family 1 of the cystatin superfamily. (reliatech.de)
  • Kininogens belong to the cystatin superfamily. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cystatin C is a low molecular weight non-glycosylated protein (13 kDa) in the cystatin superfamily. (arborassays.com)
  • Cystatin C is an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to the type 2 cystatin superfamily. (shengsci.com)
  • Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
  • article{d5c1ff8e-0690-4d5e-85b5-097b38cc0bdd, abstract = {{Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
  • Cystatin A has been shown to interact with Cathepsin B and CTSL1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterization by kinetic and equilibrium methods of the interactions of cystatin A Gly-4 mutants with papain, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L". Biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Srivatsan's studies further revealed that cathepsin L, a protein overexpressed in several tumors and linked to invasion and metastasis as the physiological target of cystatin E/M. (uclahealth.org)
  • Thus, his results clearly demonstrated that cystain E/M is a cervical cancer suppressor gene and controls cell growth through the inhibition of cathepsin L. His laboratory used lentiviral tetracycline inducible system for the exogenous expression of cystatin E/M and have shown growth suppression in xenograft tumor mice model pointing to suppressor function of cystatin E/M protein. (uclahealth.org)
  • Hamilton G, Colbert JD, Schuettelkopf AW, Watts C. Cystatin F is a cathepsin C-directed protease inhibitor regulated by proteolysis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Zurdel et al chose as a potential candidate the cystatin C gene- CST3 -coding for a protease inhibitor common in tissues and body fluids which strongly inhibits cathepsins, including cathepsin S, and results in debris accumulating around retinal pigment epithelial cells. (bmj.com)
  • The association rate constants for the binding of recombinant human cystatin C to papain, ficin, actinidin and recombinant rat cathepsin B were 1.1 x 10(7), 7.0 x 10(6), 2.4 x 10(6) and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1.s-1, whereas the corresponding dissociation rate constants were 1.3 x 10(-7), 9.2 x 10(-6), 4.6 x 10(-2) and 3.5 x 10(-4) s-1. (lu.se)
  • By screening a combinatorial pentapeptide amide collection in an inhibition assay, we systematically evaluated the potential of 19 proteinogenic amino acids and seven nonproteinogenic amino acids to serve as building blocks for inhibitors of human cathepsin L. Particularly efficient were aromatic, bulky, hydrophobic amino-acid residues, especially leucine, and positively charged residues, especially arginine. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • This random approach for the design of inhibitors was introduced to compensate for the inaccuracy induced by shifted docking of combinatorial compound collections at the active center of cathepsin L. Thereby, we obtained structurally defined pentapeptide amides which inhibited human cathepsin L at nanomolar concentrations. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Among the most potent novel inhibitors, one peptide, RKLLW-NH2, shares the amphiphilic character of the nonamer fragment VMNGLQNRK of the autoinhibitory, substrate-like, but reverse-binding prosegment of human cathepsin L which blocks the active center of the enzyme. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Highly potent inhibitors of human cathepsin L identified by screening combinatorial pentapeptide amide collections", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY , vol. 267, 2000, pp. 5085-5092. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Controlled individuals showed normal expression of cystatin C and leptin, low expression of cathepsin B while high expression of other studied genes including cathepsin D and G, TPP1 and serpin B1 could be seen. (elis.sk)
  • Hepatitis B patients revealed considerable variations in the cathepsin and cystatin C gene expression. (elis.sk)
  • Therefore, low cystatin C (high cathepsin B) and/or high cystatin C (low cathepsin B) levels can be regarded as a potential marker for hepatitis B. Hepatitis C infected patients showed high gene expression of cystatin C and leptin, so they could be useful markers for the diagnostics and prediction of the severity of HCV infections. (elis.sk)
  • In this study we show over-expression of cystatin C in melanoma cells is associated with reduced metastasis and increased apoptosis in lung tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of cystatin C-GFP fusion was observed in B16F10 melanoma cells following transient transfection of plasmid construct DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies suggest that expression of cystatin A is inversely associated with malignant progression of cancer 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 16 ] In one study, arecoline was found to elevate the mRNA and protein expression of cystatin C, a nonglycosylated basic protein consistently up-regulated in a variety of fibrotic diseases, in a dose-dependent manner in persons with oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Localization of the human SH-protease inhibitor in the epidermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the 11 genes mapped to this 300kb interval, cystatin E/M, a cysteine protease inhibitor, seemed to be a potential candidate due to reports of its involvement in breast cancer. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cystatin C, a cysteine protease inhibitor, was subject to hydrolysis at two sites when complexed with papain and in the presence of excess papain. (mcmaster.ca)
  • To analyze the contribution of cysteine proteases to metastasis we have over-expressed in B16 melanoma cells the natural cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin C. We measured in vitro invasion of cystatin over-expression clones with Boyden chamber type assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cystatin C is a type II cysteine protease inhibitor that is normally secreted from cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cystatin C (CyC), a secreted cysteine protease inhibitor, has unclear biological functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2003). They are immunoreactive for a cysteine protease inhibitor called cystatin C (Okamoto et al. (web.app)
  • Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate reconciles management of hyperkalemia and continuity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors: a retrospective observational study. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with either reduced eGFR or elevated UACR should be considered for high risk for AF and thus may benefit from targeted AF prevention therapies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, which have been shown in some settings to reduce risk for incident AF. (medscape.com)
  • In the October 23 Neuron, Gan and colleagues now report that APP mice lacking cystatin C (CysC)-an inhibitor of cysteine proteases including CatB-have lower soluble Aβ levels and reduced Aβ-associated deficits in cognition, behavior, and synaptic plasticity compared to APP/CysC+/+ mice. (alzforum.org)
  • It is a 98 amino acid, intracellular inhibitor regulating the activities of cysteine proteases of the papain family such as Cathepsins B, H and L. (reliatech.de)
  • Cystatins are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases that are found in all tissues and most biological fluids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A+E) on the activity of lysozyme, cysteine proteases inhibitor - cystatin and inhibitors of serine proteases in egg white. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Taking this strategy into an Alzheimer disease mouse model, scientists have boosted the activity of an Aβ-degrading enzyme by reducing levels of an endogenous inhibitor. (alzforum.org)
  • The scientists therefore reasoned that they could enhance CatB activity by removing an endogenous inhibitor, CysC. (alzforum.org)
  • The importance of the N-terminal region of human cystatin C or chicken cystatin for the kinetics of interactions of the inhibitors with four cysteine proteinases was characterized. (lu.se)
  • Similar results were obtained for intact and N-terminally truncated chicken cystatin. (lu.se)
  • The decreased affinity of human cystatin C or chicken cystatin for cysteine proteinases after removal of the N-terminal region is thus due to either a decreased association rate constant or an increased dissociation rate constant, or both, depending on the enzyme. (lu.se)
  • A pH-dependent conformational variability in this region of the inhibitor could explain the differences in the X-ray crystallographic and n.m.r. structures of the homologous chicken cystatin. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The Cystatin C Human ELISA Kit quantitatively measures Human Cystatin C levels in serum, plasma (EDTA and Heparin), urine, and tissue culture media. (arborassays.com)
  • Cystatin C serum concentration is not affected by age, gender, or body mass, suggesting it may be a better marker for GFR than serum creatinine. (arborassays.com)
  • To address these questions and expand prior work in this area, our group recently published a meta-analysis of three diverse community-based cohorts with a broad range of kidney function to examine the associations of eGFR (calculated from serum creatinine and cystatin C) and UACR with risk for incident AF. (medscape.com)
  • N-Terminal truncation of the first ten residues of the inhibitor negligibly affected the association rate constant with papain or ficin, but increased the dissociation rate constant approx. (lu.se)
  • Feeding affected the ability of cystatin to inhibit papain activity. (olsztyn.pl)
  • For the fresh eggs the highest inhibition activity of cystatin was found for group VI, whilst the lowest for the group fed with 3% KRM and vit. (olsztyn.pl)
  • The role of Gly-4 of human cystatin A (stefin A) in the binding of target proteinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The imbalance between Cystatin C and cysteine proteinases is associated with conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and hereditary Cystatin C amyloid angiopathy. (arborassays.com)
  • Cystatin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTA gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • PSS may be caused by disease-causing variants in multiple genes encoding proteins with crucial functions for cell-cell adhesion: structural proteins forming cell-cell adhesion points (desmosomes, corneodesmosomes) and inhibitors of epidermal proteases that control skin shedding. (rarediseases.org)
  • Only slight effect was observed upon the addition of humcarbovite and fish mineral concentrate, while the addition of KRM with vitamins A+E significantly decreased the activity of lysozyme and inhibitors in egg white. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Accessory glands had been enriched with antimicrobials (lysozyme defensin lactotransferrin) and protease inhibitors (TIL-domain cystatin Kazal). (academicediting.org)
  • PCR was conducted to find the expression of proteases and protease inhibitors genes in hepatitis patients and healthy individuals. (elis.sk)
  • Claudia Gómez (in progress) "Descifrando la regulación de la transcripción de genes de la biosíntesis de proantocianidinas (PAs) en especies del género Fragaria" Doctor in "Ciencias mención Ingeniería Genética Vegetal", Universidad de Talca. (anid.cl)
  • To date, only few cystatin genes have been characterized in most plant species. (unifesp.br)
  • This behaviour indicates that the contribution of the N-terminal segment of the two inhibitors to the interaction mechanism varies with the target proteinase as a result of structural differences in the active-site region of the enzyme. (lu.se)
  • Results The most overexpressed gene in children sensitised to dog dander compared to healthy controls was CST1 , coding for Cystatin 1. (ersjournals.com)
  • To prevent damage from this pest, the researchers stacked combinations of Bt gene ( cry3A ), synthetic hybrid ( SN-19 ), and plant proteinase inhibitor Oryza cystatin II ( OCII ) and further transformed them into two potato cultivars through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. (isaaa.org)
  • Researchers have now identified a tumor suppressor gene, cystatin E/M, which may be involved in the control of cervical cancer development. (uclahealth.org)
  • Researchers have now obtained evidence confirming cystatin E/M as the cervical cancer suppressor gene. (uclahealth.org)
  • The current study was designed to find the gene expression of proteases and proteases inhibitors in different hepatitis patients and to determine HCV genotypes mainly focusing on untypeable genotypes of HCV in Abbottabad, Pakistan. (elis.sk)
  • In light of prior human polymorphism data and recent mouse data highlighting cystatin C's ability to interfere with amyloid aggregation, the new findings suggest a more complex character for cystatin C and make it challenging to say whether it plays a "good" or "bad" role in AD pathogenesis. (alzforum.org)
  • At first glance, this trend would seem to back recent work indicating a seemingly beneficial role for cystatin C in AD mice-as an agent that interferes with amyloid aggregation (see ARF related news story ). (alzforum.org)
  • A cytoplasmic expression was noted for GFP alone and cystatin C-GFP fusion when transiently expressed in B16 melanoma cells (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal microscopy was used in an attempt to localize cystatin C-GFP protein expression in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, data on human polymorphisms thus far seem to point to a protective role for cystatin C in AD. (alzforum.org)
  • This antibody was produced from a hybridoma (mouse myeloma fused with spleen cells from a mouse) immunized with human recombinant Cystatin-A. (reliatech.de)
  • The Cystatin C Human ELISA Kit is a sandwich ELISA with a run time of 2 hours. (arborassays.com)
  • Use our provided human Cystatin C standard to generate a standard curve for the assay. (arborassays.com)
  • Pipette the standards or diluted samples into a transparent microtiter plate coated with our mouse anti-human Cystatin C antibody and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. (arborassays.com)
  • Add the peroxidase-conjugated human Cystatin C monoclonal antibody. (arborassays.com)
  • Biochemistry and clinical role of human cystatin C. (shengsci.com)
  • The mature, active form of human cystatin C is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 120 amino acid residues, with a mole. (shengsci.com)
  • It enhances entry of cationic inhibitors into macrophages (6). (rndsystems.com)
  • Cystatin E/M Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth through Cytoplasmic Retention of NF-KappaB. (uclahealth.org)
  • We tested a range of concentrations of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase (C3) and ROCK Nocodazole purchase inhibitor Y27632 that have been shown to promote SCI repair in vivo. (anti-cancers.com)
  • Cystatin C is well recognised marker of kidney filtration dysfunction and injury. (randox.com)
  • Genome-wide association analysis of cystatin-C kidney function in continental Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • Considerable evidence indicates that the subsequent conformational change is due to the inhibitor displacing the occluding loop of the proteinase that partially obscures the active site. (lu.se)
  • Antileukemic activity of shepherdin and molecular diversity of hsp90 inhibitors. (umassmed.edu)
  • Funciona como andamio molecular para localizar y estabilizar estas proteínas en los sitios de recombinación homóloga. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • S-S- reduction and cystatin C dimerisation can and will be further investigated to confirm this activity. (eucys2017.eu)
  • A+E. After 4 weeks of storage only the residual activity of cystatin in eggs was determined. (olsztyn.pl)
  • After 4 weeks of storage, a high activity of inhibitors was achieved only in eggs with a high initial activity of inhibitors. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Feeding with rapeseed meal had a positive effect on cystatin activity but lowered the activity of other components, especially during storage. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Do Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Affect Renal Hemodynamics by Different Mechanisms in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? (cdc.gov)
  • The initial interaction most likely involves binding of the N-terminal region of the inhibitor to the proteinase. (lu.se)
  • Immunohistochemical studies disclosed that BBs express cystatin C, but they failed to react with a variety Bunina bodies (BBs), small eosinophilic intraneuronal inclusions in the remaining lower motor neurons, are the only specific pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (web.app)
  • Cystatin C belongs to the cysteine proteinase inhibitor group. (arborassays.com)
  • We have previously characterized the protein Canecystatin, the first cystatin described in sugarcane. (unifesp.br)
  • But Gan thinks the new data are "completely consistent with the argument that cystatin C fulfills at least two functions"-inhibiting CatB and blocking aggregation by binding to Aβ. (alzforum.org)
  • Once you've taken CatB off the table, cystatin C's other effects (i.e., its influence on Aβ aggregation) will be more prominent," she told ARF. (alzforum.org)
  • The effects of the inhibitors were concentration-dependent. (anti-cancers.com)