Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors have fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. (medscape.com)
Although increased cost can be a negative factor, the incidence of costly and potentially fatal GI bleeds is clearly less with COX-2 inhibitors than with traditional NSAIDs. (medscape.com)
Ongoing analysis of cost avoidance of GI bleeds will further define the populations that will find COX-2 inhibitors the most beneficial. (medscape.com)
L. coronopifolia and S. Libanotica extracts can be introduced as natural cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors without affecting cyclooxygenase-1 whereas L. spinosa and P. undulata extracts were potent suppressor for AChE with robust antioxidant properties which suggest the possibility of using the four extracts, L. coronopifolia , S. libanotica , L. spinosa and P. undulata as natural agent in treating neurodegenerative disorder. (niscair.res.in)
In a prospective study, we virtually screen a large compound library for cyclooxygenase inhibitors, using a self-organizing map as a pre-filter and the shape descriptor for candidate prioritization. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Active compounds containing a triazole scaffold were identified as direct cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Yet, COX-1-selective inhibitors are poorly explored. (cas.cz)
Coconsideration of amyloid inhibition and ex vivo plasma TTR binding selectivity data reveal that direct connection of the two aryls or linkage through nonpolar E-olefin or -CH 2CH 2- substructures generates the most potent and selective TTR amyloidogenesis inhibitors exhibiting minimal undesirable binding to the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor or the COX-1 enzyme. (rcsb.org)
We assessed arteriolar function via perivascular nerve stimulation and active hyperemia with or without inhibitors for endogenous NO production or cyclooxygenase (COX) products. (cdc.gov)

Rather the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 1 (COX-1) is the primary stimulus of symptoms and signs, with the reduction of the anti-inflammatory PgE2 (1). (aaaai.org)
The aim of the present study was to compare microvessel responses to hypercapnic and isocapnic acidosis in hyperoxia-injured lungs and to assess the role of constitutive and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX). (ersjournals.com)
In a previous study, it was demonstrated that HA induces distinct venule dilatation closely associated with vasodilating prostaglandins generated by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), but not by nitric oxide (NO), in intact rat lung 4 . (ersjournals.com)
The crude fixed oil and pure thymoquinone both inhibited the cyclo-oxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism in rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, as shown by dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane B 2 and leukotriene B 4 , respectively. (thieme-connect.com)

Except for the COX-2 NSAIDs, most have similar adverse effect profiles, and most have the same effect on prostaglandins. (medscape.com)
In the case of chronic spontaneous urticaria, the mechanism of aggravation of the chronic condition is not known but all NSAIDs may affect, independent of potency in COX-1 inhibition. (aaaai.org)
The mechanism of action of Carprofen, like that of other NSAIDs, is believed to be associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. (drugs.com)
NSAIDs are a major cause of hypersensitivity reactions, and they suppose up to half the cases of adverse reactions evaluated in a tertiary allergy unit [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
As a class, cyclooxygenase inhibitory NSAIDs may be associated with gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic toxicity. (petsupplies4less.com)
1. NSAIDs- Reye's syndrome (Flu/Chickenpox pt), Poisonings even with small doses. (freezingblue.com)

One property shared by all of these drugs is their ability to inhibit COX, a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. (nih.gov)
Since their discovery in the mid 1930s as potent bioactive compounds in human semen ( 1 ), prostaglandins and their relatives have fascinated several generations of scientists. (jci.org)
2 The constitutive cyclooxygenase, COX-1, synthesizes prostaglandins necessary for normal gastrointestinal and renal function. (drugs.com)
The inducible cyclooxygenase, COX-2, generates prostaglandins involved in inflammation. (drugs.com)
Carprofen has also been shown to inhibit the release of several prostaglandins in two inflammatory cell systems: rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and human rheumatoid synovial cells, indicating inhibition of acute (PMN system) and chronic (synovial cell system) inflammatory reactions. (drugs.com)

The most frequently mutated GPCRs include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Smoothened (SMO), glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs), members of the adhesion family of GPCRs and receptors for bioactive lipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that accumulate in the tumour microenvironment. (nature.com)
Prostanoids, as they are known today, are a specific class of bioactive mediators generated via initial actions of cyclooxygenase. (jci.org)
Here, we focus on newly uncovered pathways, involving either the cyclooxygenases (COXs) or nonenzymatic chemical transformations, that lead to the formation of bioactive prostanoids and of previously unknown lipid mediators produced by COX-2. (jci.org)

AZT (zidovudine) and other chain-terminating nucleoside analogues used to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
Goal is to inhibit the cox-me-diated generation of pro-in-fla-mmatory eicosa-noids and to limit extent of inflam-mation, pain and fever. (cheatography.com)
It does not inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme. (pediatriconcall.com)

Aspirin resistance", defined as an inadequate suppression of platelet thromboxane production or an inadequate inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro from low-dose aspirin, has been linked to a several-fold increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events among patients at high risk. (escardio.org)
The most important cardiovascular effect of aspirin is mediated by irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxigenase-1 (COX-1) resulting in the suppression of thromboxane (TX) A2 production. (escardio.org)
Exposure of isolated bovine coronary arteries to high glucose (30 mmol/l d -glucose) but not to osmotic control mannitol (30 mmol/l) switched angiotensin II-stimulated prostacyclin (PGI 2 )-dependent relaxation into a persistent vasoconstriction that was sensitive to either indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or SQ29548, a selective thromboxane receptor antagonist. (diabetesjournals.org)
There is an overwhelming mass of evidence demonstrating the development of endothelial dysfunction in animal models of diabetes and in human blood vessels from diabetic patients, as evidenced by increased release of reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, decreased release of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and enhanced endothelial production of vasoconstrictor thromboxane (Tx)A 2 /prostaglandin (PG)H 2 in early stages of diabetes ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Suffusion of the muscle with U46619 (1-100 nM), a thromboxane A2 mimetic, led to a significantly greater vasoconstriction in exposed animals compared to control (max % of control -22 +/- 3.4% sham, -31 +/- 4.0% exposed). (cdc.gov)

Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (medscape.com)

3 In an in vitro study using canine cell cultures, Carprofen demonstrated selective inhibition of COX-2 versus COX-1. (drugs.com)
Ten plant extracts were prepared and tested in in vitro assays against COX-2, COX-1 and acetylcholinesterase with evaluation of their antioxidant properties. (niscair.res.in)
Conclusions/Significance: 12 compounds were tested in vitro for direct enzyme inhibition and in a whole blood assay. (uni-frankfurt.de)
1983. Correlation of metal toxicity with in vitro calmodulin inhibition. (cdc.gov)

Here we provide evidence that there may be a direct link between inhibition of intestinal cancer growth and selective inhibition of the COX-2 pathway. (nih.gov)
Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Thus, tracing research of the COX pathway is essential to an understanding of COX deficiency, and examining the variable effects of COX inhibition are advantageous. (medscape.com)
Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
Advances in genomic analysis have led to a clearer understanding of the COX pathway. (medscape.com)
Upregulation of NOS was assessed by measuring enzyme levels in lung homogenates by Western blot analysis and enhancement of the COX-related pathway was judged from perfusate concentrations of 6‐ketoprostaglandin F 1α . (ersjournals.com)
Our outcomes reveal the antiplatelet aggregation properties of Alibertia edulis leaf extract, rutin and caffeic acid offering pharmacological details about its origin from cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition and its downstream pathway. (lindenbachlab.org)

COX-2 is considered an inducible isoenzyme, induced during pain and inflammatory stimuli. (medscape.com)
Observations were made with and without inhibition of constitutive (endothelial constitutive NOS (ecNOS) and COX‐1) and inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX‐2) of NOS and COX. (ersjournals.com)
However, these previous studies did not determine the relative contributions of COX (COX‐1 and COX‐2) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms (endothelial constitutive (ecNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS)) to the abnormal acinar microvessel response to HA 4 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)

Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity while inhibition of COX-2 provides anti-inflammatory activity. (drugs.com)
However, while the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone treatment were due to the reduced activation of NF- κ B and AP-1, the ellagic acid treatment led to reduced BALF levels of IL-6 and increased levels of IL-10. (hindawi.com)

Therefore, COX - also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1 - is implicated in the production of fever, inflammation, and pain. (medscape.com)

Aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Non-responders with a previous ischemic stroke had a 9-fold increase in recurrent ischemic events in comparison to aspirin responders (1), non-responders among coronary artery patients were about 3 times more likely to die, suffer a myocardial infarction or a cerebrovascular accident (2), and non-responders among peripheral vascular patients had an almost doubled rate of peripheral artery reocclusion after angioplasty (3). (escardio.org)
By combining optical platelet aggregation tests with TX production measurements aspirin resistance may be categorised into the pharmacokinetic type, the pharmacodynamic type and "pseudoresistance" where TX-independent mechanisms of platelet aggregation play a major role (Table 1) (7). (escardio.org)
The test results were reported as aspirin-reaction unit (ARU) for aspirin and P2Y 12 reaction units (PRU), baseline (BASE), and percentage inhibition for the P2Y 12 assay and were summarized as mean ± SD of the values. (ajnr.org)
1 - 5 Dual antiplatelet therapy, consisting of aspirin and a thienopyridine, has been used for more than a decade because aspirin monotherapy turned out to be insufficient. (ajnr.org)

La información en esta página debería ser considerada como ejemplos de información de antecedentes para la temporada de influenza 2021-2022 para la práctica médica respecto del uso de medicamentos antivirales contra la influenza. (cdc.gov)
Epub 2021 Sep 1. (cdc.gov)

Effect of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition in postoperative pain is developmentally regulated. (wakehealth.edu)

Inhibition of COX-1 may contribute to NSAID GI toxicity. (medscape.com)
At therapeutic concentrations, COX-1 isoenzyme is not inhibited, thus GI toxicity may be decreased. (medscape.com)
Its clinical activity and minimal toxicity are related to specific inhibition of cellular targets including BCR-ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-kit kinases, resulting in the collapse of downstream signaling cascades important for transformation. (oldcitypublishing.com)

In biochemistry, suicide inhibition, also known as suicide inactivation or mechanism-based inhibition, is an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analog and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond during the normal catalysis reaction. (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, ellagic acid reduced the COX-2-induced exacerbation of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key mediator of inflammation, and its product, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), enhance carcinogenesis, particularly in skin. (oregonstate.edu)
1.Rheumatoid Arthritis-treats sx (pain, inflammation) but doesn't stop the progression of the disease. (freezingblue.com)
In addition, chronic diagnostic test for follow-up of patients cy and for biochemical determination inflammation associated with the infec- with H. pylori gastritis and were able of tissue COX-2 activity using COX tion leads to damage in proteins, the to predict the risk of development of Activity Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical production of reactive oxygen species stomach cancer. (who.int)

The specificity of a particular NSAID for COX-2 versus COX-1 may vary from species to species. (drugs.com)

We evaluated HCA-7 cells which express high levels of COX-2 protein constitutively and HCT-116 cells which lack COX-2 protein. (nih.gov)
The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
COX-2 induction by imatinib was initiated through epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase activation and downstream signaling through mitogenic-activated protein kinase. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB, crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were activated by UVB and delphinidin abolished this activation. (oregonstate.edu)
The integrin dependent COX-2 expression was shown to be mediated through the activation of CD47 and its associated G?i3 protein, which in turn lead to protein kinase C? (lu.se)
COX-2 expression is synonymous with activation of the protein. (lu.se)

5-9 Data also indicate that Carprofen inhibits the production of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF), PGE 1 , and PGE 2 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. (drugs.com)
2000. A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis( p hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat leydig cells through suppression of steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cdc.gov)

Thus, three series of quinazoline derivatives were prepared and tested for their potential inhibitory activity toward COX-1 and COX-2. (cas.cz)

An optimized enzyme-linked lectin assay to measure influenza A virus neuraminidase inhibition antibody titers in human sera. (cdc.gov)
This data release contains the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assay titers to H7N9 viruses and seasonal H3N2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Antibody titers against H7N9 and seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses were measured with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and microneutralization (MN) assays at Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

The nitric oxide produced by ecNOS attenuated COX‐1 activity in injured arterioles and venules, but carbon dioxide enhanced it, leading to paradoxical dilatation of these microvessels under hypercapnic conditions with ecNOS inhibition. (ersjournals.com)
Launaeaspinosa and Pulicaria undulata were the powerful AChE inhibitor (IC 50 values were 16.69 and 29.06 µg/mL, respectively) followed with L. coronopifolia and S. libanotica extracts (IC 50 values were 61.89 and 49.83 µg/mL, respectively) and they were efficient in scavenging superoxide radicals and metal ions, nitric oxide formation inhibition, as well as, lipid peroxide production suppression. (niscair.res.in)

Gastric cancer is the fourth commonest ently reported that H. pylori eradication were subjected to routine history and malignant disorder and the second com- can lead to a regression of acute gastritis clinical examination, fol owed by an monest cause of cancer-related death and intestinal metaplasia, and that such upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ex- worldwide [1]. (who.int)

These data recommend that enhanced mitochondrial localization of DDIT4 may possibly assist confer the cancer state and that the enhanced cytoplasmic localization and expression of DDIT4 might be a mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D suppresses osteosarcomas.four. (dna-alkylating.com)
61) In other research, 1,25(OH)2D was shown to modulate the expression of pick antioxidative genes Aurora B Purity & Documentation through nuclear issue erythroid 2-related aspect two (NRF2), which can be a crucial transcription issue that will bind to AREs to HDAC Accession shield cells against oxidative strain linked with diabetic neuropathy. (dna-alkylating.com)
Imatinib induced expression of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner with concomitant accumulation of prostaglandin E2. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Imatinib did not activate stressor cytokine-signaling pathways (p38 kinase, nuclear factor-kB nuclear translocation) or affect COX-1 expression. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Delphinidin suppresses ultraviolet B-induced cyclooxygenases-2 expression through inhibition of MAPKK4 and PI-3 kinase. (oregonstate.edu)
We found that delphinidin suppressed UVB-induced COX-2 expression in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. (oregonstate.edu)
Moreover, in vivo investigations using mouse skin revealed that the upregulation of COX-2 expression, MAPKK4 activity and PI-3K activity induced by UVB was abolished with delphinidin treatment. (oregonstate.edu)
Developmental differences in spinal cyclooxygenase 1 expression after surgical incision. (wakehealth.edu)
Indirect stimulation, by activating COX-2 expression in a ?2?1 integrin dependent manner was able to elicit a migratory response. (lu.se)
Inhibition of COX-2 expression or specifically inhibiting COX-2 activity, resulted in cell adhesion being favoured over cell migration in a CD47 dependent manner. (lu.se)

Differential neutralization and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 variants by antibodies elicited by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. (cdc.gov)

Here, we investigated the effects of delphinidin, an abundant dietary anthocyanin, on UVB-induced COX-2 upregulation and the underlying molecular mechanism. (oregonstate.edu)
Selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition has got into the spotlight with the discovery of COX-1 upregulation in various cancers and the cardioprotective role of COX-1 in control of thrombocyte aggregation. (cas.cz)

Imatinib failed to activate EGF receptor signals in other tumor types, suggesting that COX-2 induction in imatinib-treated cells is mediated through release of autocrine factors expressed or activated in squamous tumors. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor - alpha. (naturesbreakthrough.com)

Inhibits primarily COX-2. (medscape.com)

Although a high hydrogen ion concentration was unnecessary for excitation of COX‐1, venule constriction in response to H + was enhanced by COX‐1 inhibition. (ersjournals.com)
vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system, which result in cranial vessel constriction and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. (bartleby.com)

Ultraviolet (UV) B is the most carcinogenic component of solar irradiation, and a crucial role of COX-2 in UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis has been reported. (oregonstate.edu)
Collectively, our results demonstrated that delphinidin targets MAPKK4 and PI-3K directly to suppress COX-2 overexpression, suggesting a potential protective role for delphinidin against UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)

COX-2 is expressed at high levels in intestinal tumors in humans and rodents. (nih.gov)
In this study, we selected two transformed human colon cancer cell lines for studies on the role of COX-2 in intestinal tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)

However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. (thieme-connect.com)

Our findings show that there's reduce mitochondria activity by means of the depolarization with the mitochondrial membrane immediately after 1,25(OH)2D therapy, hence much less tension and ROS production. (dna-alkylating.com)
Thus, all agents that reduce the activity of COX-1 would also aggravate symptoms and signs. (aaaai.org)
In another study, it was found that this hypercapnia-associated venule dilatation in intact lungs is significantly attenuated in hyperoxia-injured lungs due to inhibition of COX activity by excessive NO 7 . (ersjournals.com)
COX-2 promoter activity and PGE(2) production were also suppressed by delphinidin treatment within non-cytotoxic concentrations. (oregonstate.edu)
In addition, compound 2 inhibited enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity with an IC 50 value of 6.1 μM. (edu.hk)
Nanoparticle s alter cyclooxygenase activity in microvascular dysfunction. (cdc.gov)

MN A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9): Geometric mean of microneutralization (MN) titers against the influenza H7N9 virus A/Anhui/1/2013. (cdc.gov)
HI A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2): Geometric mean of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against the BPL inactivated influenza H3N2 virus A/Perth/16/2009. (cdc.gov)

abstract = "A new cyclic 4-hydroxy-dithiosulfonato, bruguiesulfurol (1), as well as two known 4-hydroxydithiolane 1-oxides, brugierol (2) and isobrugierol (3) were isolated from the flowers of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. (edu.hk)

The following product was used in this experiment: CDK4 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 11026-1-AP. (thermofisher.com)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening syndromes that cause high morbidity and mortality [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Platelet inhibition is a prerequisite for the prevention of acute or subacute thrombosis in various neurointerventional procedures such as stent placement in atherosclerotic lesions or stent-assisted coiling of aneurysms. (ajnr.org)

Discussion4.1 Relationship in between 1,25(OH)2D as well as the metabolic oxidation/reduction reactions of cancerous and noncancerous cellsFindings so far in non-cancerous cells recommend that correct 25(OH)D levels sustain and minimize systemic cellular oxidative strain right after the day-to-day exposure to damaging agents which include UV sunlight. (dna-alkylating.com)
and 3) whether the contributions of NOS‐ and COX-related products to abnormal microvessel reactions in IA differ qualitatively from those in HA. (ersjournals.com)

The mechanism of action is believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2. (pediatriconcall.com)
Hence, the compensatory mechanism for the NO deficit appears to be COX mediated, through enhanced sensitivity and possibly increased endogenous production. (cdc.gov)

They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)

10 Peak blood plasma concentrations are achieved in 1-3 hours after oral administration of 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg to dogs. (drugs.com)

These compounds are synthesized in vivo through what can now be regarded as the "orthodox" cyclooxygenase pathways, which came to light largely through the work of Sune Bergström, who led a team then based at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm. (jci.org)

Of the prepared compounds, 11 exhibited interesting COX-1 selectivity, with 8 compounds being totally COX-1-selective. (cas.cz)
The structural features ensuring COX-1 selectivity were elucidated using in silico modeling. (cas.cz)

The tested extracts exhibited varied anti COX-2 effect and they were superior to celecoxibe (inhibition percentage was 42.67% at 50 µg/mL), reference drug. (niscair.res.in)

Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of vascular injury in diabetes and is preceded by the development of overt cardiovascular diseases ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Recent evidence has suggested that certain compounds are effective in inhibiting neutrophil function and infiltration, and such inhibition is desirable for the treatment of patients with ALI and sepsis. (hindawi.com)

Initial, 1,25(OH)2D at ten nM enhanced DDIT4 mRNA levels in a time-and VDR-dependent manner (Fig. 8A). (dna-alkylating.com)

A considerable amount of evidence collected from several different experimental systems indicates that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)

Our findings in cancer cells show that 1,25(OH)2D can influence mitochondrial metabolism, structure, and function to dictate its anticancer effects, which may perhaps also intimately involve extramitochondrial organelles for example the ER (Figs. three and 9). (dna-alkylating.com)

Two isoforms of COX have been characterized, COX-1 and COX-2. (nih.gov)
Initial investigations by Miyamoto and Simmons demonstrated that 2 isoforms exist: COX-1 (PTGS-1) and COX-2 (PTGS-2), respectively. (medscape.com)

This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. (pediatriconcall.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms13

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs166

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations1

Inhibitors9

Cyclo-oxygenase4

NSAIDs6

Prostaglandins5

Mediators3

Inhibit3

Thromboxane5

Conversion of arachidonic acid1

Vitro4

Pathway7

Inducible3

Anti-inflammatory2

Prostaglandin-endopero1

Aspirin5

20212

Postoperative pain1

Toxicity3

Enzyme inhibition1

Inflammation4

NSAID1

Protein7

Biosynthesis2

Inhibitory1

Assay3

Nitric oxide2

Gastrointestinal1

Expression10

Antibodies1

Upregulation2

Tumor2

Inhibits1

Constriction2

Carcinogenesis2

Intestinal2

Eicosanoid1

Activity6

Titers2

Abstract1

Antibody1

Acute2

Reactions2

Mechanism2

Primarily1

Concentrations1

Pathways1

Selectivity2

Percentage1

Dysfunction1

Compounds1

MRNA1

Colorectal1

Metabolism1

Isoforms2

Synthesis1