• p38α MAPK was originally identified as a tyrosine phosphorylated protein detected in activated immune cell macrophages with an essential role in inflammatory cytokine induction, such as Tumor Necrotic Factor α (TNFα). (wikipedia.org)
  • p38α MAPK is implicated in diverse cellular functions, from gene expression to programmed cell death through a network of signaling molecules and transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of p38α MAPK not only revealed its biological significance in physiological function but also the potential of targeting p38α MAPK in human disease such as immune disorders and heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to these phosphatases, other molecular components such as Hsp90-Cdc37 chaperone complex can also modulate p38 MAPK autophosphorylation activity and prevents non-canonical activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings imply a novel and unexpected role for p38 MAPK inhibition in myogenesis and highlight the importance of the limb bud microenvironment in promoting the progression of limb myoblasts. (biologists.com)
  • MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular and cellular biology. (psu.edu)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain development is a complex process achieved in a remarkably controlled spatial and temporal manner through coordinated cellular and molecular events. (ehu.eus)
  • Although the functional impacts of many TWIST1 mutations have been experimentally reported, little is known on the molecular mechanisms underlying their loss-of-function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor networks essential for differentiation of cardiac myocytes have been uncovered. (nature.com)
  • In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The general principles of cardiac development have been studied in great detail on a morphological and molecular basis. (nature.com)
  • Transcription factor GATA4-targeted compounds that have previously shown in vivo efficacy in cardiac injury models were tested for stage-specific activation of atrial and ventricular reporter genes in differentiating pluripotent stem cells using a dual reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The journey from defining genetic etiology to molecular understanding of disease mechanism can be frustratingly slow, requiring exploration of how mutations alter functions of the encoded protein and delineation of the responses that they trigger in relevant cells. (rupress.org)
  • A variety of risk factors have been recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of OA, such as age, sex, primary injury, genetic predisposition, and mechanical factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on yeast genetic studies, we identify the mitochondrial translation factor MEF2 as a mediator of atorvastatin toxicity. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • However, the molecular pathway involved in myocardial neovascularisation after ischemia remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • recently demonstrated that the developmental VEGFA-MEF2 pathway, which was thought to be involved, is in fact impaired in adult ischaemic hearts. (elifesciences.org)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • Here, employing an inducible B cell expression system, we have determined that M2 activates the NFAT pathway in a Src kinase-dependent manner - leading to induction of the plasma cell-associated transcription factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4). (prelekara.sk)
  • Finally, inhibiting this pathway exacerbated the inflammatory response to stroke as CaMKK β or CaMK IV KO mice had increased levels of the pro-inflammatory serum cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTH regulates myleoid ELF-1-like factor (MEF)-induced MAB-21-like-1 (MAB21L1) expression through the JNK1 pathway. (univ-paris5.fr)
  • The pharmacological properties of herbal remedies, including the amelioration of insulin sensitivity, the promotion of insulin secretion, the increase of glucose uptake by adipose and muscle tissues, the inhibition of sugar absorption in intestines and the generation of sugar by hepatocytes, have been demonstrated in several studies ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Despite of the relevance of this issue, very little is known about the factors regulating the development of adipose tissue in fish, and the possible health alterations associated to an increased fat deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondria are one of the molecular targets of statins, and these drugs have been known to uncover otherwise silent mitochondrial mutations. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In a previous study, we highlighted the predictive value of in silico molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in deciphering the molecular function of TWIST1 residues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bHLH transcription factor TWIST1 plays a key role in the embryonic development and in tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TWIST1 is a transcription factor belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human ortholog of MEF2 is the Elongation Factor Gene (EF-G) 2, which has previously been shown to play a specific role in mitochondrial ribosome recycling. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Recently a mutation in a novel gene, believed to be a member of the class of mitochondrial peptide release factors, was identified in patients exhibiting symptoms of Leigh syndrome [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Methods in Molecular Biology. (psu.edu)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the RNA components of the mitoribosome are mitochondrially-encoded, all MRPs and assembly factors are encoded in the nuclear genome, thus requiring coordination between two genomes for the assembly of these macromolecular complexes. (nature.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone activates the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 to induce FGF23 transcription. (univ-paris5.fr)
  • The substrates of this kinase include transcription regulator ATF2, MEF2C, and MAX, cell cycle regulator CDC25B, and tumor suppressor p53, which suggest the roles of this kinase in stress-related transcription and cell cycle regulation, as well as in genotoxic stress response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diabetes is a risk factor that increases the occurrence and severity of cardiovascular events. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Adipogenesis has been extensively studied in mammals [ 7 ] and several cell and animal models have been successfully used to describe the chronology of the molecular events governing this process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To assess the potential roles of HDAC4, HDAC4 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) was down-regulated by transfecting small interference RNA (siRNA), thereafter, cells were treated with IL-1β or TNF-α, and the expressions of several matrix-degrading enzymes and anabolic factors were examined by using quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reporter gene assays were conducted to examine combinatorial effects of GATA-targeted compounds and bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibition on chamber-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sleeping Elegance is far more susceptible to more than expression inhibition than piggyBac and Tol2, the cargo capacity of Sleeping Attractiveness is constrained, and contrary to Tol2 and piggyBac that Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries are lively in all mamma lian cell kinds tested, Sleeping Elegance display cell form dependent exercise. (p450inhibitors.com)
  • As a way to even more discover their prospective to be modi fied by molecular engineering, we Myc tagged the N ter minus on the piggyBac transposase and HA tagged the two the N or C terminus from the Tol2 trans posase. (p450inhibitors.com)
  • With an accumulating number of researches into this disease, epigenetic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of OA in recent years [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that, concurrent with a decrease in chondrogenesis, inhibition of p38 in limb bud cultures dramatically promotes muscle development. (biologists.com)
  • Human molecular genetics. (psu.edu)
  • How this structural plasticity is achieved at the molecular level is not well understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • After transcription, Pri-miRNA is cleaved by the enzymatic complex DROSHA into a micro-RNA precursor (pre-miRNA). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • The main risk factor raising the mortality and morbidity of type 1 DM is cardiovascular complications. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Compounds that target tissue-specific transcription factors could overcome non-specific effects of small molecules and lead to the regeneration of heart muscle following myocardial infarction. (biomedcentral.com)