• The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibition of apoptosis did not affect branchial sac stem cell proliferation but prevented the survival of progenitor cells. (biologists.com)
  • Apoptosis is also implicated in homoeostasis by fine-tuning the balance between cell death and proliferation like in gonad size control in rodents [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accumulating evidence in many metazoans suggest that apoptotic cells can emit caspase-dependent signals to their neighbours, modulating their fate (survival/death, differentiation or proliferation) or behaviour (migration) [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptotic-induced proliferation was reported in several organisms, such as in the cnidarian Hydra , where apoptosis promotes proliferation of adjacent cells through emission of Wnt3 signalling in a caspase-dependant manner during head regeneration [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • The mitochondrial electron transport chain is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. (nature.com)
  • Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in the branchial sac, which proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for tissue and organ replacement. (biologists.com)
  • We envision disease modeling using three 8p-hero-derived cell types of increasing complexity: iPSC-differentiated neural progenitor cells (NPCs), iPSC-differentiated excitatory neurons (iNeurons), and iPSC-differentiated brain organoids. (project8p.org)
  • To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
  • This sample was resistant to ibrutinib-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and NF-B. Furthermore, we identified germ line variants in genes encoding regulators from the NF-B and BCR pathway previously implicated in lymphomagenesis. (nsdfu.org)
  • We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Apoptosis occurred 48 hours after EBF3 expression with caspase-3 activation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Apoptosis at injury sites occurs early during regeneration and continuously in the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. (biologists.com)
  • After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis occurred only in the regenerating basal fragments, although both fragments contained a part of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. (biologists.com)
  • Apoptosis is a caspase regulated cell death present in all metazoans defined by a conserved set of morphological features. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A well-described function of apoptosis is the removal of excessive cells during development and homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to the apoptotic function of cell elimination, this new role of apoptosis is not well understood but seems caspase-dependent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To deepen our understanding of apoptotic functions, it is necessary to work on a biological model with a predictable apoptosis pattern affecting cell fate and/or behaviour. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the function of cell elimination by apoptosis is highly documented, apoptosis seems to have a broader morphogenetic function that goes beyond cells elimination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evaluating the capacity of caspases to affect gene expression and influence fate and/or behaviour of cells adjacent to apoptosis is the first fundamental step to better characterise this new function in animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)
  • Previously, we have shown that the tail regression step during metamorphosis, characterized by a predictable polarized apoptotic wave, ensures elimination of most tail cells and controls primordial germ cells survival and migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
  • Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
  • Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
  • The lining of seminiferous epithelium is unique in the complexity of its arrangement which consists of supporting somatic cells, a proliferating population of germ cells that are displaced centripetally from the spermatogonia to the base of spermatozoa in the central compartment. (superbgrade.com)
  • While sperm production has classically been the focus of adult reproductive function, somatic cells are crucial for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and gamete production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
  • In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
  • Microscopically, this mass showed areas of epidermal differentiation, with laminated keratin and sebaceous glands, differentiation into respiratory and digestive epithelium, cartilage, bone, and extensive areas of differentiation into the nervous tissue, being classified as an ovarian teratoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote epidermal differentiation and hair follicle development. (nature.com)
  • In response to surface signals, the germ tube tip undergoes a cell differentiation process to form a specialized infection structure, the appressorium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process reaches its limit when a cell undergoes terminal differentiation to form one of the highly specialized cell types of the adult body. (catsboard.com)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
  • Silencing of the EBF3 locus was observed in brain, colorectal, breast, liver, and bone tumor cell lines and its reactivation was achieved on treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in a significant portion of these tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • The granulosa cells of the ovary secrete inhibin, which plays a role in cellular differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Current knowledge of cellular behavior is mainly acquired by studies concerning homogenous populations of cells cultured as monolayers. (intechopen.com)
  • Many histone modifiers and chromatin remodelers have been implicated in stem cell pluripotency, cellular differentiation and development. (catsboard.com)
  • Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
  • Fracture Healing in Diabetes Fracture repair entails recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells after which differentiation to chondrocytes that type cartilage (see Chapter 12). (dnahelix.com)
  • In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • We previously reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through local injection upon testicular torsion-detorsion, restored the spermatogenesis without differentiation into sperm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously explored that local injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 30 min before surgical detorsion was applicable to prevent testicular torsion-induced I/R injury on germ cell and maintain the spermatogenesis at acute stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge using an endodermal induction media enhanced endodermal differentiation efficiency in association with cadherin switching, which is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of tissue is then repaired in a complex process that involves tissue-resident immune, stromal, and epithelial cells, as well as infiltrating immune cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin. (nature.com)
  • Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
  • During puberty, testosterone induces Sertoli cell maturation, and prevails over FSH on AMH regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An essential component for these developmental processes but also for tissue regeneration and stem cell regulation is the communication of cells by chemical signalling. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
  • The Sertoli cells, in turn, promote the formation of spermatogonia, maintenance of muscle tropism, regulation of physical energy, cognitive and acute Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) response to dominance challenge, regulation of the amount of thromboxane A2 receptors that are present on megakaryocytes and platelets. (superbgrade.com)
  • In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
  • Although there are cell types in the adult that retain some degree of pluripotency, their range of options is generally narrow. (catsboard.com)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
  • BACKGROUND: Teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor consisting of one or multiple tissues derived from germinal layers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Teratomas are rare types of germ cell neoplasms composed of various differentiated or undifferentiated tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • The immune system is constituted by a very complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that through soluble factors and direct cell-to-cell contacts interact among themselves and with cells belonging to other (organ) systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Connective tissues consist of cells and an extracellular matrix. (lecturio.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an in vitro system to identify the impact of cell behavior on the earliest stages of cell fate specification during human development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A defined synthetic mixture of amino acids, salts, carbohydrates, vitamins and serum was shown to support cells in vitro[ 3 ], thus unifying a major variable in cell culturing experiments and providing a possibility for rapid development of this novel method. (intechopen.com)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • However, which mutations are most important, which events must occur, and if a specific order is involved in molecular tumorigenesis is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4)‑deficient non‑small cell lung cancer (dNSCLC) is a rare malignant tumor that originates in the lungs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4)- deficient non-small cell lung cancer (SMARCA4-dNSCLC) is an uncommon yet notable malignancy originating within the lung. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 8. The chromatin state - the packaging of DNA with both histone and non-histone proteins - has marked effects on gene expression and is believed to contribute to the establishment and the maintenance of cell identities. (catsboard.com)
  • The highly conserved family of Wnt proteins represents important regulators of cell behaviour, tissue development and homeostasis by inducing responses in a concentration-dependent manner. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • We identified a novel way of spreading Wnt proteins in vertebrates: Wnt molecules are mobilized on specific cell protrusions known as cytonemes. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • These specialized signalling filopodia transmit signal proteins between communicating cells and allow a high degree of control of propagation speed, direction and concentration of the transmitted ligand. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Wnt proteins regulate developmental processes, tissue regeneration and stem cell maintenance. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
  • DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
  • The localization of DAZ family proteins suggests that they can regulate mRNA translation occurring in the cytoplasm. (ijbs.com)
  • Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
  • hundreds of human genes encode signal proteins, cell-surface receptors, cell adhesion proteins, or ion channels that are either not present in yeast or present in much smaller numbers. (catsboard.com)
  • Due to the conserved nature of vertebrate cell behaviour, our results will be relevant to Wnt signalling during human embryonic development and could suggest novel vulnerabilities to Wnt-dependent diseases - a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutics. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Marine tests showed an inhibition of growth with the two different algal species (P. tricornutum and D. tertiolecta), an inhibition of bioluminescence in the bacterium A. fischeri, an alteration on the correct early development of the serpulid F. enigmaticus larvae and immobilization of the copepod A. tonsa individuals at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. (easychair.org)
  • The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. (easychair.org)
  • However, creating a culture platform with spatiotemporal control of cell behavior to study signaling dynamics during development remains challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process informs animal model development to enhance scientific rigor during in vivo studies in experimental or naturally occurring disease models. (upenn.edu)
  • The development of animals is dominated by cell-cell interactions and by differential gene expression. (catsboard.com)
  • 7. Cell Memory Underlies Cell Decision-Making Underlying the richness and astonishingly complex outcomes of development is cell memory. (catsboard.com)
  • 10. The Sugar Code forms information-rich structures that influence the arrangement of different cell types during embryological development. (catsboard.com)
  • The differentiation of cells is, and development of testicles as determined by various predisposing factors categorized as morphological, physiological, endocrinological, histochemical and biochemical. (superbgrade.com)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
  • GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
  • While caspase-dependent signals emitted by apoptotic cells start to be characterised, almost no target genes are identified in receptor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • although it is derived from cells of the renal tubular epithelium, it has several histological subtypes which differ in their clinical outcome and biological features. (hindawi.com)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • FSH stimulates testicular growth and enhances the production of an androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells, which are a component of the testicular tubule necessary for sustaining the maturing sperm cell. (medscape.com)
  • Sertoli cells, under the influence of androgens, also secrete inhibin, a polypeptide, which may help to locally regulate spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Primary gonadal failure in men and women leads to high levels of FSH and LH, except in selective destruction of testicular tubules with subsequent elevation of only FSH, as in Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Testosterone causes physiological and psychological changes since it is the hormone responsible for the activation of Sertoli cells. (superbgrade.com)
  • AMH is secreted in high amounts by Sertoli cells from fetal life until the onset of puberty. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, elevation of serum AMH above normal male prepubertal levels may be indicative of rare cases of sex-cord stromal tumors or Sertoli cell-limited disturbance in the McCune Albright syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the interstitial tissue, Leydig cells synthesize androgens and the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) [ 3 ], whereas in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells regulate the nutrients and factors that reach the germ cells by means of the blood-testis barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sertoli cells not only regulate the inflow of external substances, but also produce several substances which are critical to the proper progression of spermatogenesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When caspase activity was impaired, genes known to be involved in metamorphosis were downregulated along with other implicated in cell migration and survival molecular pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both the genes a cell expresses and the way it behaves depend on the cell's past, as well as on its present circumstances. (catsboard.com)
  • explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
  • A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that HFSCs utilize glycolytic metabolism and produce significantly more lactate than other cells in the epidermis. (nature.com)
  • Hamanaka, R. B. & Chandel, N. S. Mitochondrial metabolism as a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
  • Congenital: Sexual differentiation is normal. (medscape.com)
  • This simplified approach towards understanding the essence of the mechanisms, underlying the processes determining life and death of a cell has undoubtedly provided scientists with enormous amount of knowledge. (intechopen.com)
  • The processes are localized in two major morphological structures, the vascularized Leydig cells of the interstitium and the vascularized seminiferous tubules. (superbgrade.com)
  • Following spore attachment and germination on the host surface, the emerging germ tube perceives physical cues such as surface hardness and hydrophobicity, as well as chemical signals including wax monomers that trigger appressorium formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In our research, we use the zebrafish embryo to investigate how intercellular Wnt protein transport is regulated and how signals are subsequently delivered to the target cell in a living vertebrate organism. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • According to the current view, damage-associated molecules released by infected or injured cells, or secreted by innate immune cells generate danger signals activating an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present review, we describe and discuss the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMF and pulsed EMF on cell signals and factors relevant to the activation of danger signals and innate immunity cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cell- ations in these signals (see Table 1 for a glossary of terms). (lu.se)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • Here, we developed an hiPSC-based model to study the effect of collective cell migration in meso-endodermal lineage segregation and cell fate decisions through the control of space confinement using a detachable ring culture system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, when collective cell migration was inhibited by blocking E-cadherin function, this fate decision within an hiPSC colony was altered to an ectodermal fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have shown an unexpected signalling property of apoptotic cells, affecting cell fate and/or behaviour of neighbouring cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose these results as a confirmation that apoptotic cells can control surrounding cells fate and as a reference database to explore novel apoptotic functions in animals, including those related to migration and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the crucial questions is cell fate determination and differentiation, tissue formation, and what, what cell phenotype type each cell will become. (catsboard.com)
  • Morris, R. J. & Potten, C. S. Highly persistent label-retaining cells in the hair follicles of mice and their fate following induction of anagen. (nature.com)
  • 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
  • By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Appressorium formation begins when the tip of the germ tube ceases polar growth, hooks, and begins to swell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • We have identified additional growth conditions that extend CLS of WT cells, including supplementation of the media with isonicotinamide (INAM), a known sirtuin activator, or by supplementation with a concentrate collected from the expired media of a calorie restricted yeast culture, presumably due to an as yet unidentified longevity factor. (refine.bio)
  • Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. (biologists.com)
  • Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • Figure 5: Pharmacological inhibition of Mpc1 promotes HFSC activation. (nature.com)
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • In men, LH stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial cells of the testes (Leydig cells). (medscape.com)
  • 2000. A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis( p hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat leydig cells through suppression of steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cdc.gov)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulate the interstitial cells that are found in the testes to produce testosterone hormones. (superbgrade.com)
  • Finally, we explore the most recent understanding of germ layer-specific metabolic remodeling. (conditionmed.org)
  • Cadherin switching during collective cell migration enhances endodermal differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A protocol to generate a co-culture system consisting of neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), primary cortical neurons and astrocytes is described. (jove.com)
  • The first approach involves simply growing 8p iPSCs in the lab over many generations (cell divisions) and checking for spontaneous loss of the damaged 8p chromosome, as has been previously demonstrated to happen with Down Syndrome iPSCs. (project8p.org)
  • The fourth approach also takes advantage of CRISPR but instead of targeting naturally occurring sites unique to damaged 8p chromosomes, a susceptibility gene is inserted into the damaged 8p chromosomes of 8p iPSCs, rendering these edited cells sensitive to a drug that selectively kills them. (project8p.org)
  • In this study, molecular mechanisms of MSCs in regulating germ cell activity induced by testicular torsion-detorsion were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human stem cell factor contributed the activation of Akt/GSK3 axis when sperm suffered from testicular torsion-detorsion-induced germ cell injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Testicular torsion is an urology emergency and which threats 1/4000 of male population younger than 25 years old with infertility as a sequela of germ cell ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in a cord twisting higher than 360° plus symptom duration more than 24 h, complete or severe testicular atrophy is inevitable due to cell necrosis starting from 4 h after testicular torsion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In our series studies, animal model with severe cell necrosis in testis was created by a 720° testicular torsion for 3 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seminiferous tubules constitute of at least75 % testicular mass in adult because of continuous cell multiplication. (superbgrade.com)
  • The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
  • This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
  • group appears to be important for the inhibition from the enzyme, while check substances bearing the 13-methyl group displayed potent inhibitory actions with submicromolar or micromolar IC50 ideals exclusively. (thetechnoant.info)
  • This function of the cutaneous system is mediated by a myriad of highly specialized immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
  • Noteworthy, in recent years the possibility to use EMF exposure to modulate immune cell responses has been proposed and debated ( 6 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, apoptotic cells modulate death or survival balance, as was observed in the Drosophila imaginal disc, by producing the Tie ligand Pvf1, that induces death resistance of neighbouring cells [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human sperm cell is a flagellate cell consisting of a disc-shaped head and a long tail released from the seminiferous tubule and mature in the epididymis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed differential transcriptomic analysis between control metamorphosing larvae and larvae treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk in order to explore the transcriptional control of apoptotic cells on neighbouring cells that survive and migrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Removal of ring culture system induces collective cell migration at the iPSC colony edge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)