Hymenolepiasis is the most common intestinal tapeworm infection of humans caused by worm of family cestoda, genus Hymenolepis and species nana . (medscape.com)
Another less frequent zoonotic intestinal tapeworm infection is caused by H diminuta , commonly known as the rat tapeworm, in which humans are incidental hosts. (medscape.com)
Hymenolepis diminuta is a tapeworm that occurs throughout the world. (libsyn.com)
sheep, rabbits, and other herbivorous animals are intermediate hosts depending on the infecting tapeworm species. (msdmanuals.com)
Accidental ingestion2
Nevertheless, in rare instances, it can infect humans, typically by accidental ingestion of infected arthropods, often grain beetles. (libsyn.com)
Taenia multiceps , Taenia serialis , Taenia brauni, and Taenia glomeratus are rare causes of human infection, which is acquired by accidental ingestion of eggs from dog feces. (msdmanuals.com)
Rodents6
When eggs are ingested by an arthropod intermediate host (2) (various species of beetles and fleas may serve as intermediate hosts), they develop into cysticercoids, which can infect humans or rodents upon ingestion (3) and develop into adults in the small intestine. (medscape.com)
fraterna , infects rodents and uses arthropods as intermediate hosts. (medscape.com)
Intermediate host species include rodents and beetles. (wikipedia.org)
Feces2
Unwitting ingestion of material contaminated by dog feces causes human disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Reported disease has primarily afflicted children and almost all cases were a result of the ingestion of contaminated soil or feces. (mdwiki.org)
Cestode1
Although the cestode life cycle requires the cysticercoid, or larval, phase to be developed in an intermediate host, H. nana does not follow this observation and can use an intermediate host or auto infect the human host. (wikipedia.org)
Nana7
In addition, the cysticer-coid stages of H nana can also invade and develop in the human intestine thus is capable of completing its entire life cycle in the human host. (medscape.com)
H nana can also be transmitted through autoinfection without having to pass through the insect host. (medscape.com)
Eggs of Hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment (1). (medscape.com)
Hymenolepiasis is caused by either H. nana or H. diminuta. (wikipedia.org)
Hymenolepis nana can, however, either use an intermediate host, such as a rat, or be transmitted directly from human to human. (wikipedia.org)
Hymenolepis nana worms are flat and segmented with skinny necks. (wikipedia.org)
Intermediate hosts1
Species from the genus Tribolium are common intermediate hosts for H. diminuta . (medscape.com)
Larvae8
The mature eggs are ingested by an intermediate host (various arthropod adults or larvae) (2), and oncospheres are released from the eggs and penetrate the intestinal wall of the host (3), which develop into cysticercoid larvae. (medscape.com)
H. diminuta infection is acquired by the mammalian host after ingestion of an intermediate host carrying the cysticercoid larvae (4). (medscape.com)
After ingestion, the tissue of the infected arthropod is digested releasing the cysticercoid larvae in the stomach and small intestine. (medscape.com)
[1] Baylisascaris larvae in paratenic hosts can migrate, causing visceral larva migrans (VLM). (mdwiki.org)
However, if these eggs are ingested by an intermediate host (small mammals, birds) the larvae of B. procyonis will penetrate the gut wall of the host and migrate into tissues. (mdwiki.org)
Larvae tend to migrate to the brain, cause damage, and affect the behaviour of the intermediate host, making it an easier prey for raccoons. (mdwiki.org)
however, if a raccoon preys on an infected paratenic host, the encysted larvae can become adults in the raccoon and the cycle resumes. (mdwiki.org)
Transmission of B. procyonis may also occur through the ingestion of larvae found in infected tissue. (mdwiki.org)
Paratenic hosts1
METHODS: In order to assess the role of reptiles as intermediate/paratenic hosts of trophically transmitted helminths, synanthropic reptiles (n = 245) captured from different ecological settings (i.e., households, dog shelters, urban, peri-urban and rural areas or natural parks) of southern Italy were examined for endoparasites. (bvsalud.org)
This infection does not require an intermediate host and infection can occur directly from one infected person to another by fecal-oral transmission. (medscape.com)
Human infection can occur through the ingestion of eggs with food or water, or through ingestion of contaminated cereal of flour containing infected beetles. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
Humans can be accidentally infected through the ingestion of insects in precooked cereals, or other food items, and directly from the environment (e.g., oral exploration of the environment by children). (medscape.com)
Helminths1
While many hosts of human helminths are able to eat normal dietary amounts of coconut products without affecting their worms, others find that some forms of this food will affect their worms sufficiently to impair their beneficial effects. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Worm2
An adult worm lives and reproduces in the intestine of its definitive host, the raccoon. (mdwiki.org)
Anyone hosting NA or TT should be aware of how these few foods and substances have caused problems in others so that they can avoid the same issues with their own worm colony. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Found2
In Bat Dambang, Cambodia, middle school students were found to have higher Hymenolepis prevalence than younger children, suggesting children are not learning prevention techniques as they mature. (wikipedia.org)
Baylisascaris procyonis , also known by the common name of raccoon roundworm , is a roundworm nematode , found ubiquitously in raccoons , the definitive hosts . (mdwiki.org)
generally have a life cycle including an intermediate and a definitive host. (wikipedia.org)
Food2
In contrast, the nematodes class, such as hookworms, have complete digestive tracts and separate orifices for food ingestion and waste excretion. (wikipedia.org)
If hosting NA, it is best to avoid the food substances listed immediately above until the therapy is delivering benefits, at which point their effect on one's colony can be tested, initially in small, and then in gradually increasing, quantities to assess the level of risk they are likely to present, and how much of each might be safely consumed before the worms are affected. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Nana is the most common1
Hymenolepis nana is the most common cause of all cestode infections, and is encountered worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Cysticercoids1
Due to a lack of formal trials of the effects in humans of taking Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids (HDC), anecdotal reports from users and their suppliers are all that we have to go on at the present time. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Life cycles1
Most parasitic species have multihost life cycles, involving a vertebrate definitive host and 1 or more invertebrate or vertebrate intermediate hosts. (medscape.com)
Eggs6
Eggs of Hymenolepis nana are immediately infective when passed with the stool and cannot survive more than 10 days in the external environment (1). (medscape.com)
The mature eggs are ingested by an intermediate host (various arthropod adults or larvae) (2), and oncospheres are released from the eggs and penetrate the intestinal wall of the host (3), which develop into cysticercoid larvae. (medscape.com)
Hymenolepis diminuta eggs in wet mounts. (cdc.gov)
Human infection can occur through the ingestion of eggs with food or water, or through ingestion of contaminated cereal of flour containing infected beetles. (wikipedia.org)
Taenia multiceps , Taenia serialis , Taenia brauni, and Taenia glomeratus are rare causes of human infection, which is acquired by accidental ingestion of eggs from dog feces. (msdmanuals.com)
Species2
Species from the genus Tribolium are common intermediate hosts for H. diminuta. (medscape.com)
When two species of worm are introduced together by someone who has not previously hosted helminths, or not hosted for some time, the initial immune response may be excessive and the risk of side effects greatly increased. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Adults1
Secondly, if the parasites do not mature to adults or reproduce in the human host, traditional diagnostic methodologies, such as O&P examinations of stool or examination of blood films, may not be appropriate. (medscape.com)
Intermediate host3
H. diminuta infection is acquired by the mammalian host after ingestion of an intermediate host carrying the cysticercoid larvae (4). (medscape.com)
Although the cestode life cycle requires the cysticercoid, or larval, phase to be developed in an intermediate host, H. nana does not follow this observation and can use an intermediate host or auto infect the human host. (wikipedia.org)
Hymenolepis nana can, however, either use an intermediate host, such as a rat, or be transmitted directly from human to human. (wikipedia.org)
Frequent1
Hymenolepis diminuta , while less frequent, has been reported from various areas of the world. (cdc.gov)
Stool1
Figure E: Egg of H. diminuta in an unstained wet mount of concentrated stool. (cdc.gov)
Zoonotic2
In this review, we apply the term zoonotic to those parasites that usually complete their natural cycle in the absence of a human host. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Although this is also true for zoonotic helminths, it is important to note that the site(s) of infection and clinical manifestations may differ from what is observed in the natural animal host. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
approximately 1% of paediatric patients experienced severe gastrointestinal pains with the use of H. diminuta, although the symptoms were resolved with an anti-helminthic drug. (helminthictherapywiki.org)
Infections1
Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta infections are most often asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
Children1
In Bat Dambang, Cambodia, middle school students were found to have higher Hymenolepis prevalence than younger children, suggesting children are not learning prevention techniques as they mature. (wikipedia.org)
Human host2
In addition, the cysticer-coid stages of H nana can also invade and develop in the human intestine thus is capable of completing its entire life cycle in the human host. (medscape.com)
It also provides a brief description of the taxonomy, biology and life cycle, epidemiology, route of transmission for the human host, clinical manifestations, pathologic features, treatment, and laboratory diagnosis for these organisms. (medscape.com)
Small1
After ingestion, the tissue of the infected arthropod is digested releasing the cysticercoid larvae in the stomach and small intestine. (medscape.com)