• Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a naturally occurring purine nucleotide which is present in every cell of the human body, well-known because of its intracellular energy-transferring role [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Radioactivity accumulation was decreased by dipyridamole and by inhibitors of phosphodiesterases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, assessing the existence of stepwise hydrolysis of extracellular cAMP and intracellular processing of taken up adenosine. (jci.org)
  • Intracellular adenosine is rapidly metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol. (nih.gov)
  • The intracellular uptake of adenosine is mediated by a specific transmembrane nucleoside transport system. (globalrph.com)
  • These intracellular metabolites of adenosine are not vasoactive. (globalrph.com)
  • Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin or intracellular infusion of the GDP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was without effects on the control Ca2+ channel current but abolished its hormonal inhibition. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • But other intracellular messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are also involved ( see the section Principles of drug action ). (britannica.com)
  • Kikuchi K , Otsuka S , Takada S , Nakanishi K , Setoyama K , Sakakima H , Tanaka E , Maruyama I , . 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose induces anti-aging effects on aging-associated brain diseases by increasing 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α/brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • Since adenosine kinase has a lower K m and V max than adenosine deaminase, deamination plays a significant role only when cytosolic adenosine saturates the phosphorylation pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Once inside the cell, adenosine is rapidly phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to adenosine monophosphate, or deaminated by adenosine deaminase to inosine. (globalrph.com)
  • showed that MB treatment turned on 5?adenosine monophosphate-activated proteins kinase signaling however not inhibited mammalian focus on of rapamycin signaling in serum deprivation cells and regular mouse [57]. (immune-source.com)
  • Adenosine causes nonselective activation of four different receptors, including A2A-mediated vasodilation of the coronary microcirculation and 'off target' A2B receptor-mediated mast cell degranulation and bronchial constriction. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • The role of adenosine A1 receptors of the entorhinal cortex on amygdaloid kindled seizures was investigated. (celljournal.org)
  • These results suggest that the entorhinal cortex has a role in seizure propagation from the amygdala and its adenosine A1 receptors activity have anticonvulsant effects on amygdala kindled seizures. (celljournal.org)
  • Adenosine A10 Receptors Activity Of Entorhinal Cortex On Amygdala Kindled Seizures In Rat', Cell Journal (Yakhteh) , 4(2), pp. 71-78. (celljournal.org)
  • Adenosine is thought to exert its pharmacological effects through activation of purine receptors (cell-surface A1 and A2 adenosine receptors). (globalrph.com)
  • Although the exact mechanism by which adenosine receptor activation relaxes vascular smooth muscle is not known, there is evidence to support both inhibition of the slow inward calcium current reducing calcium uptake, and activation of adenylate cyclase through A2 receptors in smooth muscle cells. (globalrph.com)
  • ABSTRACT: Adrenal secretory rates of cortisol and arterial concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were measured in conscious trained dogs subjected to intravenous infusion of ACTH. (cellml.org)
  • abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Mutations in the 5'-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E) gene that encodes CD73, a nucleotidase that converts AMP to adenosine, are linked to arterial calcification. (shengsci.com)
  • sevelamer decreases levels of adenosine by increasing elimination. (medscape.com)
  • Under normal conditions, adenosine is primarily broken down by ADK, which maintains the relatively low levels of adenosine required by the body on a daily basis [ 9 , 23 ]. (selfhacked.com)
  • A recent near life-threatening respiratory arrest during intravenous adenosine administration for FFR at our centre prompted a systematic review of over 100,000 invasive coronary angiograms performed over almost two decades. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • 2. Medications include intravenous adenosine (see figure 2), calcium- entry blockers, digoxin, beta-adrenergic blockers. (rjmatthewsmd.com)
  • These results indicate that luminal degradation of cAMP into adenosine, followed by cellular uptake of the nucleoside by tubular cells, is a key event which accounts for the phosphaturic effect of exogenous cAMP and for the part of the phosphaturic effect of PTH which is mediated by cAMP added to the tubular lumen under the influence of the hormone. (jci.org)
  • Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside found in every cell of the body. (selfhacked.com)
  • Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside occurring in all cells of the body. (nih.gov)
  • In the AIS model, intraperitoneal injection of 1,5-AF reduced cerebral infarct volume, neurological deficits, and mortality. (aging-us.com)
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ADENOSINE INJECTION, USP safely and effectively. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • See full prescribing information for ADENOSINE INJECTION, USP. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • The recommended adenosine injection dose is 0.14 mg/kg/min infused over six minutes (total dose of 0.84 mg/kg) ( Table 1 ). (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Visually inspect adenosine injection for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Do not administer adenosine injection if it contains particulate matter or is discolored. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Results showed that CHA at concentration of 10 mM reduced amygdala after-discharge duration, entrorhinal cortex after-discharge duration (E-ADD) and stage 5 seizure duration at 5, 15,60 and 120 min post drug injection. (celljournal.org)
  • Intra-entorhinal cortex injection of CPT (5mM), 5 min before CHA (10mM), blocked the anticonvulsant effects of CHA. (celljournal.org)
  • Adenosine Injection, USP is a sterile solution for rapid bolus intravenous injection. (nih.gov)
  • Each mL contains 3 mg adenosine, USP and 9 mg sodium chloride, USP in water for injection, USP. (nih.gov)
  • Dilute in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection to to a final concentration of 0.45 to 1 mg/mL. (pdr.net)
  • Following adenosine stress infusion, the patient received a 20 mCi (740 MBq) intravenous (IV) injection of 82 Rb followed immediately with a 5-minute dynamic list-mode acquisition. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • The mechanism of phosphaturia induced by cAMP infusion and the physiological role of extracellular cAMP in modulation of renal phosphate transport were examined. (jci.org)
  • nicotine inhaled increases effects of adenosine by unknown mechanism. (medscape.com)
  • Naloxone has been hypothesized to limit opioid tolerance by decreasing adenylate cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is widely believed that ACTH stimulates cortisol secretion through adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which provides substrate cholesterol by activating cholesterol ester hydrolase and facilitating transport of cholesterol to the side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cellml.org)
  • Cyclic changes of MBF over the entire cardiac cycle in seven normal rats were analyzed quantitatively every 6ms at rest and during adenosine-induced stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dynamic MBF maps were obtained with high spatial and temporal resolution (6ms) demonstrating the feasibility of non-invasively mapping cyclic myocardial perfusion variation at rest and during adenosine stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanisms whereby extracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits phosphate transport in cultured opossum kidney cells and in rat kidney. (jci.org)
  • This ATP-delta correlation is also confirmed by pharmacologically induced sleep using adenosine perfusion into the basal forebrain. (jneurosci.org)
  • The morphology and function of capillaries across myocardial wall during a cardiac cycle play a pivotal role on the mechanical control of blood perfusion to regional myocardium together with arteriolar and venular mechanics and responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adenosine-induced stress myocardial perfusion imaging using dual-source cardiac computed tomography. (wustl.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine stress CT can identify stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects with diagnostic accuracy comparable to SPECT, with similar radiation dose and with the advantage of providing information on coronary stenosis. (wustl.edu)
  • In conclusion, in this population of preterminal cancer patients, ATP infusions, at the dose and schedule studied, had a favorable effect on triceps skin fold thickness and survival, especially in weight-stable patients and patients with lung cancer. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • In addition to fent-anyl infusions, patients received low-dose naloxone or placebo infusions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Intervention was a low-dose naloxone infusion (0.25 μg/kg per hour) and the main outcome variable was the maximum cumulative daily fentanyl dose (micrograms per kilogram per day). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The intravenous bolus dose of 6 or 12 mg adenosine usually has no systemic hemodynamic effects. (nih.gov)
  • A cumulative 60% of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had converted to normal sinus rhythm within one minute after an intravenous bolus dose of 6 mg adenosine (some converted on 3 mg and failures were given 6 mg), and a cumulative 92% converted after a bolus dose of 12 mg. (nih.gov)
  • Amiodarone: I.V. DOSE RECOMMENDATIONS -- FIRST 24 HOURS -- Loading infusions. (globalrph.com)
  • body mass index 30.4 +/- 5 kg/m(2)) with an average radiation dose of 12.7 mSv. (wustl.edu)
  • Upon these LS infusion was started with the loading dose of 12 µg/kg over 10 minutes. (ispub.com)
  • Background Adenosine is frequently used during coronary angiography to induce hyperaemia and allow operators to perform quantitative measurements of lesion severity. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • n =33, aged 58±8 years (mean±S.D.)] or isoflavone-free placebo ( n =38, aged 61±8 years) for 5 days prior to coronary angiography. (portlandpress.com)
  • Venous access: for infusion of intravenous fluids and drugs, including vasoactive drugs. (emdocs.net)
  • Adenosine is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs. (nih.gov)
  • As adenosine requires no hepatic or renal function for its activation or inactivation, hepatic and renal failure would not be expected to alter its effectiveness or tolerability. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine is a potent vasodilator in most vascular beds, except in renal afferent arterioles and hepatic veins where it produces vasoconstriction. (globalrph.com)
  • In 25 of these subjects, stimulated coronary blood flow was calculated from flow velocity, measured using intracoronary Doppler and coronary luminal diameter before and after intracoronary adenosine, ACh (acetylcholine) and ISDN (isosorbide dinitrate) infusions. (portlandpress.com)
  • INTERVENTIONS Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) (0.02 mmol/min and 0.2 mmol/min) was infused for two minutes into the left coronary ostium before and after intracoronary infusion of L-NMMA. (bmj.com)
  • Therefore, in the present study we investigated the coronary vascular responses to intracoronary infusion of magnesium. (bmj.com)
  • Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was measured under systemic adenosine in 9,440 cases. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • 1 For practical purposes, maximal hyperaemia is typically induced using systemic administration of adenosine (rather than exercise). (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • We defined acute severe bronchospasm as acute dyspnoea and wheeze temporally related (within 5 min) to systemic adenosine administration with features of respiratory distress. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion. (nih.gov)
  • Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h. (nih.gov)
  • Also, we observed that when MBF is elevated through ADO infusion, usual exercise-mediated vasodilator signals are not subsequently down-regulated during contraction demonstrating a lack of autoregulation. (concordia.ca)
  • LS also exhibits vasodilator effect through the activation of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (K + ) channels [ 5 6 ]. (ispub.com)
  • Thallium-201 is injected at midpoint (3 minutes) of infusion. (globalrph.com)
  • Adenosine acts quickly and is rapidly broken down afterward. (selfhacked.com)
  • Intravenously administered adenosine is rapidly cleared from the circulation via cellular uptake, primarily by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Inducing sleep and delta activity by adenosine infusion into basal forebrain during the normally active dark period also increases ATP. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, researchers have been exploring potential adenosine-receptor-based therapies to treat many different health problems such as infection, autoimmunity, and degenerative diseases since the 1960s [ 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. (selfhacked.com)
  • Although aging reduced the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we found that 1,5-AF activated AMPK, which led to upregulation of the PGC-1α/BDNF pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • 0.1, 1 and 10 mM), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, and 8-cyclopenthyle 1,3-dimethylexanthine (CPT), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, at concentrations of 1 and 5mM were injected bilaterally into the entorhinal cortex. (celljournal.org)
  • We aimed to evaluate the effects of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil on CFR in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Add 3 ml of Cordarone I.V. (150 mg) to 100 ml D 5 W. Infuse 100 ml over 10 minutes. (globalrph.com)
  • There was no difference in luminal diameter, flow velocity and volume flow responses to adenosine, ACh or ISDN between groups. (portlandpress.com)
  • 9-11 However, only a few studies have investigated human coronary responses to magnesium infusion in vivo. (bmj.com)
  • citation needed] It is a non-invasive test, is generally regarded as a safe (see below) procedure and is well tolerated by patients (apart from people with claustrophobia)[citation needed] The majority of scans are performed using a stress/rest protocol using adenosine as the stressor which acts to induce ischaemia in the myocardium by the coronary 'steal' phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] An intravenous infusion of adenosine is given at 140 µg/Kg/min for 3 minutes with continuous heart rate and blood pressure recording to induce hyperaemia (normally seen as a drop in systolic blood pressure of 10mmHg or a rise in heart rate of 10bpm). (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results suggest that 1,5-AF can induce endogenous neurovascular protection, potentially preventing aging-associated brain diseases. (aging-us.com)
  • In spite of dopamine (15 µg/kg/min), dobutamine (15µg/kg/min) and adrenalin (1mg/h) infusions, myocardium failed to maintain normotension. (ispub.com)
  • Our local protocol administers adenosine at a rate of 0.84 mg/kg/min through a large peripheral vein. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Prostaglandin E 1 also dilates blood vessels, and it is sometimes administered by intravenous infusion to treat peripheral vascular disease . (britannica.com)
  • Inosine formed by deamination of adenosine can leave the cell intact or can be degraded to hypoxanthine, xanthine, and ultimately uric acid. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine is not blocked by atropine. (nih.gov)
  • In asthmatics, NS inhibits bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP). (soton.ac.uk)
  • The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intravenous infusions of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on nutritional status and survival in preterminal cancer patients. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • In the present study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of 1,5-AF on aging-associated brain diseases in vivo using an animal model of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs), and the spontaneous senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. (aging-us.com)
  • Since the well tolerance of the myocardium, we were able to stop the other inotropic drug infusions after 48 hours and the patient was discharged from the hospital 10 days after the surgery. (ispub.com)
  • 4-7 In the setting of coronary artery disease, several studies have shown the efficacy of magnesium infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, 4 vasospastic angina, 5 and unstable angina. (bmj.com)
  • Load with magnesium (e.g. 2 g over 1-2 minutes) and start a magnesium infusion. (litfl.com)
  • After the first 24 hours, the maintenance infusion rate of 0.5 mg/min (720 mg/24 hours) should be continued utilizing a concentration of 1 to 6 mg/ml (Cordarone I.V. concentrations greater than 2 mg/ml should be administered via a central venous catheter). (globalrph.com)
  • The rate of the maintenance infusion may be increased to achieve effective arrhythmia suppression. (globalrph.com)
  • The maintenance infusion of up to 0.5 mg/min can be cautiously continued for 2 to 3 weeks regardless of the patient's age, renal function, or Left-ventricular function. (globalrph.com)
  • The true incidence of severe bronchospasm relating to adenosine administration is not known. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Data from two pivotal trials suggest that a single infusion of the CRISPR-based gene therapy exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) can provide a 'functional cure' for patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia or severe sickle cell disease. (cdc.gov)
  • At concentrations of 1 and 0.1 mM, CHA reduced E-ADD only at 5 and 15min post drug infusion. (celljournal.org)
  • Therefore, for infusions longer than 1 hour, Cordarone I.V. concentrations should not exceed 2 mg/ml unless a central venous catheter is used. (globalrph.com)
  • Adenosine associated tachycardia and chest pain. (medscape.com)
  • Adenosine slows conduction time through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node, and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine is not effective in converting rhythms other than PSVT, such as atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia, to normal sinus rhythm. (nih.gov)
  • discovered that constant infusion of MB counteracts early myocardial dysfunction and derangement of hemodynamics and gas exchange by inhibition of nitric oxide pathway within an ovine endotoxemia model [48]. (immune-source.com)
  • In this article, we explore adenosine's importance to health, factors that increase adenosine, and how the so-called adenosinergic pathway impacts health. (selfhacked.com)
  • When delivered by inhalation, by mouth or by intravenous infusion to 9 atopic asthmatics, only inhaled NS conferred significant protection against inhaled AMP. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Adenosine may also lessen vascular tone by modulating sympathetic neurotransmission. (globalrph.com)
  • The patient is then allowed to rest until the haemodynamic effects of the adenosine have stopped (typically 5 minutes). (wikipedia.org)
  • We further show that tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ATP-degrading enzyme, plays a key role in mediating the somnogenic effects of ATP released from astrocytes ( n = 5). (jneurosci.org)
  • Furosemide and dopamine renal failure in patients with ARF and modest infusion are inefor even in residual renal and cal- preventing the onset of ARF. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
  • A previous study in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer showed that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) infusions had a favourable effect on fatigue, appetite, body weight, muscle strength, functional status and quality of life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A previous randomized clinical trial in 58 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed that 10 intravenous 30-hour ATP infusions every 2 to 4 weeks in a clinical setting had a favourable effect on fatigue, appetite, body weight, muscle strength, functional status and quality of life [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering the relatively mild character of ATP therapy, application of ATP infusions in palliative home care might be a promising and relatively simple treatment to improve the quality of life and functional status of patients with advanced cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate infusions on the nutritional status and survival of preterminal cancer patients. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Sedating critically ill patients often involves prolonged opioid infusions causing opioid tolerance. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In earlier investigations it was demonstrated that the adenosine-mediated flow reserve (CFR) of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is reduced to values in the lower normal range in most diabetic patients, indicating disturbance of microvascular flow dynamics [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, zileuton blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes by inhibition of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. (britannica.com)