Influenzavirus infections. Medical search. Frequent questions

On August 30, 2022, CDC issued a Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory about recent variant influenza virus infections. (cdc.gov)
To date, no person-to-person spread associated with the five recent variant influenza virus infections has been identified. (cdc.gov)

In August 2022, CDC received reports of five cases of human infection with variant influenza A viruses that usually spread only in pigs. (cdc.gov)
Here, we assessed the induction of protective immunity to these viruses by infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in a newly developed guinea pig model. (eur.nl)
In further experiments, similar promotive effects on COVID-19 infection were not observed with several other respiratory viruses, indicating that influenza A virus has a unique ability to aggravate COVID-19 infection, and thus, the prevention of influenza infection is of great significance during the COVID-19 pandemic, said the study. (shine.cn)
Five cases of human infection with influenza viruses that usually spread only in pigs, also known as variant influenza virus infections, were reported to CDC in August 2022. (cdc.gov)
To accomplish this, testing for influenza viruses and monitoring for novel influenza A virus infections, including variant influenza virus infection, should continue year-round. (cdc.gov)
CDC anticipates that state health departments may identify more cases of infection with variant influenza viruses in 2022 as the agricultural fair season continues. (cdc.gov)
Testing for variant influenza viruses should focus primarily on persons with exposures known to be associated with variant influenza virus infection (e.g., agricultural fair attendance or workers in the swine industry). (cdc.gov)
Novel influenza A virus infections, which include those caused by variant influenza viruses, are notifiable conditions in the United States, and all confirmed cases should be reported to CDC within 24 hours. (cdc.gov)
In Europe, avian influenza viruses of subtype H7 have been responsible for several disease outbreaks among poultry, which resulted in human infections ( 1 , 2 ). (blogspot.com)
However, most studies have focused on their inhibitory actions on bacterial infections, and there is limited studies evaluating the interaction between ZnO-NPs and viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, some viruses protect the host against other infections. (medicinenet.com)
Certain viruses -- like the ones that cause chickenpox and cold sores -- may be inactive or "latent" after the initial infection. (medicinenet.com)
Influenza virus vaccine is used to prevent infection by the influenza viruses. (mayoclinic.org)
Therefore, before the influenza vaccine is produced each year, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. and Canadian Public Health Services decide which viruses will most likely cause influenza infections for that year. (mayoclinic.org)
It is necessary to receive an influenza vaccine injection each year, since influenza infections are usually caused by different kinds of viruses and the protection gained by the vaccine lasts for less than a year. (mayoclinic.org)
While in the past CIV infections in and of themselves have not shown a significant mortality rate, CIV infections as well as other respiratory viruses compromise the normal defenses of the lung permitting secondary bacterial pneumonias. (cornell.edu)
Multiple respiratory viruses are co-circulating, and the relative contribution of influenza virus infection to ILI varies by location. (cdc.gov)
However, the mechanisms behind transition from asymptomatic colonization to dissemination and disease in otherwise sterile sites remain poorly understood but are epidemiologically strongly linked to infection with respiratory viruses. (lu.se)
Conclusions The findings of this study highlight the importance of respiratory viruses (mainly RSV and rhinovirus) in children with CAP and show the characteristics of both the single infections and co-infections associated with the disease. (medscape.com)

Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections. (msdmanuals.com)

Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
Methods: We established a mouse vaccination model that allows control of disease severity after influenza virus infection despite inefficient induction of virus-neutralizing antibody titers by vaccination. (mssm.edu)
Results: Vaccination with trivalent inactivated virus vaccine (TIV) reduced morbidity after influenza A virus infection but did not prevent virus replication completely. (mssm.edu)
Vaccination limited loss of alveolar macrophages and reduced levels of infiltrating pulmonary monocytes after influenza virus infection. (mssm.edu)
Interestingly, TIV vaccination resulted in enhanced levels of eosinophils after influenza virus infection and recruitment of neutrophils in both lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes after bacterial superinfection. (mssm.edu)
Vaccination against swine influenza in pigs causes different drift evolutionary patterns upon swine influenza virus experimental infection and reduces the likelihood of genomic reassortments. (bvsalud.org)
The present study further emphasized the vast evolutionary capacity of swine IAV, under natural infection and vaccination pressure scenarios. (bvsalud.org)
Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination. (diejungeakademie.de)
Routine vaccination has fundamentally altered the natural history of many frequently observed and serious infections. (smw.ch)
The best way to help prevent influenza infections is to get an influenza vaccination each year, usually in early November. (mayoclinic.org)

The H1N1 virus (swine flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. (medlineplus.gov)
Ruling out novel H1N1 influenza virus infection with direct fluorescent antigen testing. (wustl.edu)
Therefore, when performed on specimens of adequate quality, DFA tests can effectively rule out infection due to novel H1N1 virus. (wustl.edu)
Taken together, our study indicated that PEGylated ZnO-NPs could be a novel, effective, and promising antiviral agent against H1N1 influenza virus infection, and future studies can be designed to explore the exact antiviral mechanism of these nanoparticles. (biomedcentral.com)

Study data suggest that nately farmers) and their spouses living in Iowa and North swine workers and their nonswine-exposed spouses are at increased risk of zoonotic infl uenza virus infections. (cdc.gov)

The researchers want to harness this dependence for the treatment of influenza infections. (uni-bonn.de)
Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)

Between 1 January and 31 December 2013, we used surveillance data on patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection in three Egyptian government hospitals in Damanhour district to estimate the incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza. (who.int)
Clinicians are encouraged to consider variant influenza virus infection as a possible diagnosis when evaluating patients with acute respiratory illnesses and exposure to pigs or agricultural fairs prior to illness. (cdc.gov)
Did you know that seasonal flu is an acute respiratory infection caused by the 🦠 #influenza virus? (paho.org)
Dogs may continue to cough for several weeks following recovery from acute infection. (cornell.edu)
Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. (bvsalud.org)

The type of sample sent to the laboratory often depends on the type of viral infection being diagnosed and the test required. (wikipedia.org)
What Is a Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. (medicinenet.com)
With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. (medicinenet.com)
Is it a Bacterial or Viral Infection? (medicinenet.com)
Contaminated food and water are other potential sources of viral infection. (medicinenet.com)

Thus infection with H1N1pdm09 virus induced partially protective heterosubtypic immunity to H7N9 virus in (isogenic) guinea pigs that could not be attributed to cross-reactive virus neutralizing antibodies. (eur.nl)
It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
During an influenza A(H7N7) virus outbreak among poultry in Italy during August-September 2013, infection with a highly pathogenic A(H7N7) avian influenza virus was diagnosed for 3 poultry workers with conjunctivitis. (blogspot.com)
On August 14, 2013, infection caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) virus was initially detected on a layer farm in Ostellato, Ferrara Province, Italy, representing the start of an epizootic that affected another 5 poultry farms in Ferrara and Bologna Provinces (Emilia-Romagna Region) during the next 3 weeks. (blogspot.com)
Among the workers, infection with highly pathogenic A(H7N7) avian influenza virus was confirmed for 3 who had conjunctivitis but no respiratory symptoms. (blogspot.com)
Influenza A virus can cause infection in many mammalian and avian species and exists in multiple subtypes. (cornell.edu)
Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
From H5N1 to HxNy: An epidemiologic overview of human infections with avian influenza in the Western Pacific Region, November 2003 - September 2017. (who.int)

Severity of illness now appears to be more moderate than initially feared [ Reference Fraser 1 , Reference Wilson and Baker 2 ], although high population attack rates would be associated with significant numbers of severe infections, hospitalizations and deaths. (cambridge.org)
Researchers found that the existing infection of influenza A virus significantly promoted the entry and replication of the novel coronavirus in a variety of human respiratory tract cells and lung tissue cells, while it also elevated the COVID-19 viral load, leading to more severe lung damage in coinfected mice. (shine.cn)
Recommend antiviral treatment in patients with suspected or confirmed variant influenza virus infection who are hospitalized, have severe illness, or are in a group considered at increased risk for complications from influenza 2 . (cdc.gov)
Meanwhile, abnormal interleukins (ILs) were detected in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 compared with those with milder infections ( 9 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Opportunistic infections are defined as infections that are either more severe because of HIV-related immunosuppression, or more frequent. (medscape.com)

Pneumococcal infection of the respiratory tract is often secondary to recent influenza virus infection and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. (nih.gov)
For many years before the development of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), these infections inflicted significant morbidity and mortality on patients living with AIDS. (medscape.com)
Prevention of opportunistic infections (OI) in patients with HIV has since significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in these patients. (medscape.com)

RIDTs can be useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in any setting, but especially in institutions (i.e., nursing homes, chronic care facilities, and hospitals), cruise ships, summer camps, schools, etc. (cdc.gov)

Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
Apart from mortality, influenza infections cause an important burden on healthcare systems worldwide with an important number of medical visits and hospitalizations. (efim.org)
Results showed that the H5N6 AIVs were highly pathogenic to chickens and caused not only systemic infection in multiple tissues, but also 100% mortality within 3-5 days post-infection. (frontiersin.org)

Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
During November 2014-April 2015, a total of 165 case-patients with influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, including 6 clusters and 51 deaths, were identified in Egypt. (cdc.gov)

Colonization followed by influenza coinfection led to a synergistic type I IFN response, resulting in increased density of colonizing bacteria and susceptibility to invasive infection. (nih.gov)
In this report, we show that infection with influenza A virus and treatment with the resulting host signals (febrile-range temperatures, norepinephrine, extracytoplasmic ATP, and increased nutrient availability) induce the release of bacteria from biofilms in a newly developed biofilm model on live epithelial cells both in vitro and during in vivo colonization. (lu.se)
These dispersed bacteria have distinct phenotypic properties different from those of both biofilm and broth-grown, planktonic bacteria, with the dispersed population showing differential virulence gene expression characteristics resulting in a significantly increased ability to disseminate and cause infection of otherwise sterile sites, such as the middle ear, lungs, and bloodstream. (lu.se)
We show that these interkingdom signals are recognized by bacteria and are induced by influenza virus infection, which is epidemiologically strongly associated with transition to secondary pneumococcal disease. (lu.se)
Bejel, yaws (frambesia), and pinta are infections caused by Treponema , which are spiral-shaped bacteria called spirochetes. (msdmanuals.com)
Chlamydia are bacteria that cause disease in humans, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and infections of the eyes and respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)

By day 7, only viral antigen positive cells were found after H7N9 virus infection in the nasal turbinates and the lungs of unprimed controls. (eur.nl)
Respiratory viral infections affect the lungs, nose, and throat. (medicinenet.com)
Influenza is a virus infection of the throat, bronchial tubes, and lungs. (mayoclinic.org)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory to provide updates on recent variant 1 influenza virus infections and summarize CDC's recommendations for identification, treatment, and prevention of variant influenza virus infection for the summer and fall of 2022. (cdc.gov)

Individuals, especially those at increased risk of influenza complications, can take public health measures to limit their risk of infection (e.g., limiting exposure to infected animals). (cdc.gov)
Getting the flu puts you at risk of secondary infections and serious complications, especially if you're in a high-risk group. (healthline.com)
These medications can help shorten the duration of the flu while preventing serious flu complications (such as ear infection in children and pneumonia). (abbott.com)

Further studies in controlled settings and studies of natural infections in healthcare and community settings are required to better define the effectiveness of face masks and respirators in preventing influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)

ABSTRACT The epidemiology, seasonality and risk factors for influenza virus infection remains poorly defined in countries such as Egypt. (who.int)

When proportional odds modeling with multivariable adjustment was used, upon enrollment, swine-exposed par- factors for swine infl uenza virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Further evidence of occupational swine infl uenza virus were recruited from the 89,658-person Agricultural Health infections was observed through self-reported infl uenza-like Study (AHS) cohort ( 5 ) by using an informed consent pro- illness data, comparisons of enrollment and follow-up serum cess. (cdc.gov)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
Some common viral infections are caused by herpesviruses. (msdmanuals.com)

In the present study, infection of C57BL/6 mice with P . berghei ANKA ( Pb A) caused intestinal pathological changes, such as detachment of epithelia in the small intestines and increased intestinal permeability, which correlated with development with experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). (nature.com)

Despite a low invasive disease rate, widespread carriage ensures that infection occurs often enough to make S. pneumoniae a leading bacterial cause of respiratory disease worldwide. (lu.se)

Background: Influenza virus infection predisposes to secondary bacterial pneumonia. (mssm.edu)

Enterovirus infections affect many parts of the body and may be caused by any of several different viral strains. (msdmanuals.com)

Nonswine- and rus infection have been documented in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
We therefore propose that the synergistic stimulation of type I IFN production during concurrent influenza virus and pneumococcal infection leads to increased bacterial colonization and suggest that this may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans. (nih.gov)
Norovirus infects humans in a pathway like the influenza virus' mode of infection. (beforeitsnews.com)

For example, sequencing is useful when specific mutations in the patient are tested for in order to determine antiviral therapy and susceptibility to infection. (wikipedia.org)

7 days should be tested for CIV by an antibody test as the virus itself is often undetectable in later stages of illness, as is true for most respiratory viral infections. (cornell.edu)
Antibodies to CIV develop rapidly and by 10 days post infection there is a significant antibody titer. (cornell.edu)

Stimulation of CCL2 by macrophages upon pneumococcal infection alone required the pattern recognition receptor Nod2 and expression of the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. (nih.gov)

The onset of clinical signs will be 2-3 days post infection. (cornell.edu)
Peak of virus shed is 3-4 days post infection. (cornell.edu)

We describe the clinical and virologic findings of the investigation conducted with regard to these 3 human cases of influenza A(H7N7) virus infection. (blogspot.com)
Past, present, and possible future human infection with influenza virus A subtype H7. (blogspot.com)
She has also identified immunological correlates of feline retroviral infection, discovered the primary and co-receptor molecules for FIV infection, and more recently identified the first case of human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. (gla.ac.uk)
Little information exists on the status of A, H7N9, virus in wild birds to assess their potential as sources of human infection and dissemination of the virus to new areas. (cdc.gov)
As virus infection is a common inducer of transition to disease among species occupying the nasopharynx, the results of this study may provide a basis for better understanding of the signals involved in the transition from colonization to disease in the human nasopharynx. (lu.se)

Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of airway epithelial integrity, diminished lung function and impaired airway remodeling. (nih.gov)

It reported for the first time that influenza A virus can enhance subsequent COVID-19 infection in cells and mice. (shine.cn)
Indeed, the increased colonization associated with concurrent influenza virus infection was not observed in mice lacking Nod2 or the type I IFN receptor, or in mice challenged with pneumococci lacking pneumolysin. (nih.gov)
We also found that mice infected with the rodent malaria parasite P. yoelii 17XNL succumbed to otherwise non-lethal infection when mice were co-infected with an intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus 10 . (nature.com)

risk of infection. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). (medscape.com)
Immunosuppression resulting from HIV places a patient at risk for infection from organisms that are otherwise relatively mildly hazardous and that would normally be cleared by a competent immune system. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Patients should be aware of their CD4 count and their risk for specific infections and should begin ART. (medscape.com)
By neglecting controls over cross-infection, the risk of infections in patients and professionals grows larger. (bvsalud.org)

In contrast, birds of all species in later clinical stages (moribund and dead) had histopathologic lesions and systemic virus replication consistent with HPAI virus infection in gallinaceous poultry. (irta.cat)

These two MAbs were proven to inhibit virus infection in the post-attachment process rather than inhibition of receptor binding. (justia.com)
Curcumin and its metabolites could inhibit type A influenza virus infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
Noticeably, Pet and THC inhibit IAV to a lesser extent than Cur, which is in line with their effect on reducing plaque formation when IAV was treated with Cur analogues before infection. (greenmedinfo.com)

All workers (≈200) who participated in depopulating infected premises applied strict infection prevention procedures and were monitored for symptoms. (blogspot.com)
However, due to th e limited sensitivities and predictive values of RIDTs, negative results of RIDTs do not exclude influenza virus infection in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of influenza. (cdc.gov)
Clinical signs and symptoms consistent with influenza o Having clinical signs and symptoms consistent with influenza increases the pre-test probability of influenza virus infection, which increases the reliability of a positive RIDT result. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) monitors outpatient visits for respiratory illness referred to as influenza-like illness [ILI (fever plus cough or sore throat)], not laboratory-confirmed influenza, and may capture respiratory illness visits due to infection with any pathogen that can present with similar symptoms, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV. (cdc.gov)

from where it spreads to the brain and lymphoid tissues by way of infection. (frontiersin.org)

Background Little is known about the prevalence of viral infections in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). (medscape.com)
Co-infections showed radiographic evidence of alveolar pneumonia significantly more frequently than single infections (OR 1·72, 95% CI 1·05-2·81). (medscape.com)

Infections tend to peak between November and March. (healthline.com)

Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)

Clinical laboratories that collect respiratory specimens from persons suspected to have variant influenza A virus infection should refer these specimens to the appropriate state public health laboratory for subtype-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. (cdc.gov)
These cases include three infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant (A(H3N2)v) virus and two infections with influenza A(H1N2)v virus. (cdc.gov)
Early identification and investigation of variant influenza virus infections are important to determine whether the virus is spreading efficiently among people. (cdc.gov)

One study found significantly reduced incidence of OI after ART initiation, from 15.1 infections per 100 person-years in the 6 months before starting ART to 2.2 infections per 100 person-years after 9 to 15 months of treatment. (medscape.com)

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Geographicals1

Recent variant influenza virus infections2

Viruses19

Bacterial infections1

Vaccination10

H1N14

Zoonotic1

Treatment of influenza2

Acute5

Viral infection6

Immunity2

Avian8

Severe5

Morbidity and morta3

Identify influenza virus1

Mortality3

H5N12

Bacteria6

Lungs3

20221

Complications3

Natural infections1

ABSTRACT1

Swine2

Common viral2

Experimental1

Widespread1

Secondary1

Strains1

Humans3

Susceptibility1

Antibody2

Pneumococcal1

Days post infection2

Human5

Notably1

Mice3

Risk5

Virus replication1

Inhibit3

Symptoms4

Lymphoid1

Pneumonia2

Peak1

Vaccines1

Variant3

Significantly1