• Haemophilus influenzae is an extracellular bacterium the near-elimination of invasive disease caused by Hib, the that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract number of recorded invasive NTHi cases increased almost of healthy humans, who are the bacterium's only known 6-fold during the past 2 decades, from 20 in 1992 to 115 natural reservoir. (cdc.gov)
  • Hib was termed nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). (cdc.gov)
  • Some H influenzae strains have no capsule and are termed nonencapsulated H influenzae or nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi). (medscape.com)
  • Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) may play a role as an infectious trigger in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (nih.gov)
  • In our proposed project, you would investigate expression regulation in clinically significant bacterium non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). (lu.se)
  • Currently, non-encapsulated H. influenzae , also called non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), is responsible for the majority of cases of otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia in patients that have already been immunized with the vaccine. (statpearls.com)
  • They can also help to differentiate true NTHi from Haemophilus haemolyticus and from those H. influenzae strains that possess a complete or partial capsule focus. (statpearls.com)
  • The majority of invasive H. influenzae disease is now caused by non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in all age groups in the US. (statpearls.com)
  • Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of opportunistic respiratory tract disease, and initiates infection by colonizing the nasopharynx. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The widespread administration of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine has led to the predominance of non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Japan, a recent nationwide population-based surveillance study revealed that NTHi and H. influenzae type f became the predominant isolates associated with invasive H. influenzae infection after the introduction of the Hib vaccine [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While previous reports have established the urogenital tract as a potential cause of invasive H. influenzae infection, no reports have described a specific association of NTHi infection with adenomyoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of unencapsulated (nontypeable) Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to cause systemic disease in healthy children has been recognized only in the past decade. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), mostly derived from pneumonia and AOM, were genetically diverse, in contrast to the predominance of H. influenzae type b (Hib) among meningitis cases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In 1930, two major categories of H. influenzae were defined: the unencapsulated strains and the encapsulated strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to the availability of an effective vaccine, H influenzae type b (Hib) was the most common cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of severe Haemophilus influenza infections, However, the H. influenzae type b vaccine fails to protect such as sepsis and meningitis, has declined substantially against nontypeable H. influenzae strains, which have be- since the introduction of the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • The recommended form of prevention of the type b form of H. influenzae is a series of the Hib vaccine and boosters, which are most often given under the age of 5, and sometimes in conjunction with other vaccines in the form of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pentacel, DTaP/ IPV/ Hib (diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine/poliovirus vaccine inactivated/haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. (medscape.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, click here . (wikidoc.org)
  • Hib vaccine can prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease . (healthychildren.org)
  • The National Immunisation Program provides free combined Hib and meningococcal C vaccine for protection against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and meningococcal group C disease to children at 12 months of age. (vic.gov.au)
  • A hypothesis testing case-control study evaluated automated medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-containing vaccines administered at specific times within the first 15 months of life among subjects diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) ( n = 534) in comparison to controls. (springer.com)
  • Forty-three renal transplant recipients with well-functioning allografts were immunized with H. influenzae type b vaccine in order to investigate the immune response. (scienceopen.com)
  • After obtaining basal serum samples, the patients and the control subjects were immunized with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. (scienceopen.com)
  • Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine PRP-T. (scienceopen.com)
  • Efficacy of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine PRP-T (Pasteur-Merieux) was evaluated in a controlled community intervention study in the Oxford region, UK. (scienceopen.com)
  • The vaccine scheduler table summarizes the current vaccination schedule for young children, adolescents, and adults for Haemophilus influenzae. (who.int)
  • The Alaska Haemophilus influenzae type b experience: lessons in controlling a vaccine-preventable disease. (medscape.com)
  • Children are routinely given a vaccine that effectively prevents infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2) to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in Vietnam from the societal perspective, including a preliminary assessment of the impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. (tmc.edu)
  • As of December 2014, all countries in AFRO have educated and higher introduced hepatitis B vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. (who.int)
  • The rapid and unequivocal capsular typing method that is described will be particularly important for typing invasive H. influenzae strains isolated from recipients of H. influenzae type b vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Haemophilus influenzae disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called H. influenzae . (cdc.gov)
  • First isolated in 1892 by Robert Pfeiffer from the sputum of patients with pandemic influenza infection, H influenzae was thought to be the infectious agent responsible for flu. (medscape.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is bacteria that commonly causes bacterial meningitis and pneumonia and is the leading cause of other invasive diseases, such as septic arthritis (joint infection), epiglottitis (infection and swelling of the epiglottis) and cellulites (rapidly progressing skin infection which usually involves the face, head, or neck). (who.int)
  • H.influenzae is a gram-negative , cocco-bacillary , facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections in people of all ages ranging from mild, such as an ear infection, to severe, such as a bloodstream infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Haemophilus influenzae may make any one of six chemically distinct capsular polysaccharides, but only strains of capsular serotype b commonly cause systemic infection (e.g., meningitis) in humans. (jci.org)
  • Using a well-characterized rat model of H. influenzae systemic infection, we showed that type b transformants elicited by the cloned DNA were pathogenic, causing bacteremia and meningitis, whereas the untransformed capsule-deficient H. influenzae organisms were not. (jci.org)
  • Haemophilus influenzae infection is a mild and self-limited disease in the healthy population. (scienceopen.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type a infection and its prevention. (medscape.com)
  • Nosocomial spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection documented by outer membrane protein subtype analysis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Experimental combined viral and bacterial infection (influenza C and Hemophilus influenzae type b) in embryonated eggs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A study of the population dynamics of strains of Hemophilus influenzae type b in combined infection with influenza C virus in embryonated eggs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A comparative study of the virulence of smooth, rough and respiratory strains of Haemophilus influenzae as determined by infection of mice with mucin suspensions of the organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Review the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to enhance the care of patients with Haemophilus influenzae infection. (statpearls.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae disease is a name collectively used for any kind of infection caused by the bacteria called Haemophilus influenzae . (statpearls.com)
  • Detection of H. influenzae from these materials must be notified according to the German Infection Protection Act (IfSG). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Although H. influenzae type b (Hib) is a notoriously virulent serotype of this species [ 4 ], the introduction of routine conjugate Hib vaccination led to a decrease in the number of cases of Hib infection [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial infection in young children worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We identified 481 adults hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection by H. influenzae, bacteremic and non-bacteremic. (lu.se)
  • Haemophilus influenzae, expressing cell-surface adhesins including N-Glc, to establish a connection between H. influenzae infection and MS. We exploited the biosynthetic machinery from the opportunistic pathogen H. influenzae (and the homologous enzymes from A. pleuropneumoniae) to produce a unique set of defined glucosylated adhesin proteins. (unifi.it)
  • Some isolates of H. Influenzae have contained modified PBPs that resist beta-lactam action by producing beta-lactamases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 4.4-kb EcoRI fragment, common to both DNA clones, was used to characterize clinical isolates representing all six encapsulated serotypes as well as several capsule-deficient H. influenzae by Southern hybridization analysis. (jci.org)
  • Capsule gene analysis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae: accuracy of serotyping and prevalence of IS1016 among nontypeable isolates. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we focused on the ompP5 and hap genes, present in all H. influenzae genome sequenced isolates, and encoding the P5 and Hap surface proteins, respectively. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The tasks of the National Reference Laboratory for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (NRZMHi) assigned by the Robert Koch Institute for the surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease include serotyping of clinical isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the detection of antibiotic resistance against ß-lactam antibiotics. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Ampicillin resistance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Germany 2009-2012. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize circulating isolates of H. influenzae genotypically by BLNAR-PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and to determine any associations between them. (elsevierpure.com)
  • METHODS: H. influenzae isolates (n=191) were collected from paediatric patients (1 month to 12 years old) between 2000 and 2011 for three types of infections: pneumonia (n=61), acute otitis media (AOM) (n=68) and meningitis (n=62). (elsevierpure.com)
  • A major virulence factor of H influenzae is its polysaccharide capsule, which plays a central role in molecular pathogenesis and the immune response. (medscape.com)
  • Ninety-five percent of the cases of invasive H. influenzae disease among children less than 5 years of age are caused by organisms with the type b polysaccharide capsule. (cdc.gov)
  • Some types of H. influenzae contain a polysaccharide capsule around the outer membrane to aid in protection and colonization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of H. influenzae have a polysaccharide capsule depending upon which they are classified into 6 distinct groups designated as serotypes a, b, c, d, e, and f. (statpearls.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease among children in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network Haemophilus Influenzae, 2006. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib ) is a leading cause of childhood bacterial meningitis , pneumonia , and other serious infections . (bvsalud.org)
  • However, Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan (Hib), a causative agent of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in young children, disrupted in its hktE gene is not attenuated in virulence, and retains the ability to rapidly scavenge H 2 O 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth experiments with hydroperoxidase-deficient hktE - pgdx - H. influenzae Rd suggest that the cytotoxicity inflicted by the continuous accumulation of H 2 O 2 during aerobic growth brings about bacteriostasis rather than bacterial killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hap involvement in NTHi375-host interaction was shown to be limited, despite promoting bacterial cell adhesion when expressed in H. influenzae RdKW20. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The strains were evaluated for the presence of several genetic loci that affect bacterial surface structures and for biochemical reactions that are known to differ among H. influenzae strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b ten years after routine vaccination, South Africa, 2003-2009. (medscape.com)
  • Haemophilus Influenzae serotype b (Hib) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Lâm TT, Elias J, Frosch M, Vogel U, Claus H. New diagnostic PCR for Haemophilus influenzae serotype e based on the cap locus of strain ATCC 8142. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Lâm TT, Frosch M, Claus H, Vogel U. Sequence analysis of the serotype-specific synthesis regions II of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes c and d: evidence for common ancestry of capsule synthesis in Pasteurellaceae and Neisseria meningitidis . (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Although the type of infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae has changed considerably in recent years because of the widespread and routine immunization of children against type b organisms, H influenzae remains a significant pathogen. (medscape.com)
  • 2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)
  • Haemophilus influenzae is a common pathogen among children and immuno-comprised adults with clinical manifestations that are largely type specific. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae , nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most commonly isolated middle-ear pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • These studies provide a basis for pursuing the molecular analysis of the epidemiology and virulence of pathogenic H. influenzae. (jci.org)
  • Current epidemiology and trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease--United States, 1989-2008. (medscape.com)
  • In Sell S. H. , Wright P. F. (eds) Haemophilus influenzae: epidemiology, immunology and prevention of disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Influenzae, or flu, is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus. (jcsinstitute.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients given benzylpenicillin with patients given wide-spectrum beta-lactams (WSBL) as empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract H. influenzae infections requiring hospital care. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, despite early clinical response rates being slightly lower for benzylpenicillin compared to WSBL, we found no support for increased mortality or readmission rates in patients empirically treated with benzylpenicillin for lower respiratory tract infections by H. influenzae. (lu.se)
  • PURPOSE: β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae is frequently isolated from respiratory samples and is particularly problematic in Japan. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conjugate vaccines and the carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b. (cdc.gov)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • H. Influenzae type b, also known as Hib, is the most common form, recognizable by its polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule, and found mostly in children. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. (jci.org)
  • Analysis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in invasive disease reveals lack of the capsule locus. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Characterization of genetic and phenotypic diversity of invasive nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In 1920, the organism was named Haemophilus influenzae (from the Greek haemophilus, meaning "blood-loving") to reflect the fastidious growth requirement of the organism, as well as its apparent association with influenza. (medscape.com)
  • For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Haemophilus influenzae . (wikidoc.org)
  • A minority of non-typeable, or unencapsulated, H. influenzae employ a variety of attachment techniques, such as pili, adhesins, or Hia and Hap proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell wall of H. influenzae bacterium contains various proteins, referred to as autotransporters, for adherence and colony formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification and quantitation of capsular antigen in capsulated and noncapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characterization of the capsular antigen isolated from Haemophilus influenzae type b and two spontaneous noncapsulated mutants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • PCR for capsular typing of Haemophilus influenzae. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A PCR method for the unequivocal assignment of Haemophilus influenzae capsular type (types a to f) was developed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A total of 172 H. influenzae strains of known capsular type (determined genetically) comprising all capsular types and noncapsulate strains were tested by PCR capsular typing. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PCR capsular typing overcomes the problems of cross-reaction and autoagglutination associated with the serotyping of H. influenzae strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The H. influenzae species is subdivided in 2013 (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • The species responsible for the most infections is Haemophilus influenzae . (msdmanuals.com)
  • abstract = "We describe a 46-year-old splenectomized patient who died of Haemophilus Influenzae septicemia 16 h following bronchoscopy. (huji.ac.il)
  • Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • H. Influenzae is a small Gram-negative bacterium, approximately 0.3 micrometer to 1 micrometer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • There is consensus that definitive therapy for infections with H. influenzae should include antimicrobial agents with clinical breakpoints against the bacterium. (lu.se)
  • H influenzae encodes 3 distinct immunoglobulin A (IgA) proteases that may be involved as virulence factors by interfering with host mucosal defenses. (medscape.com)
  • Like other Gram-negative bacteria, H. influenzae has a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haemophilus influenzae is a small (1 µm × 0.3 µm), pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus. (medscape.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria characterized as a small, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. (statpearls.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae is characterized as a small (0.3 micrometer to 1 micrometer), facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae . (statpearls.com)
  • After 6 and 12 weeks, serum samples obtained again to determine H. influenzae type b antibody titers. (scienceopen.com)
  • Polysaccharide of the causative agent was detected in the CSF of 14 out of 15 patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis, in 18 out of 23 patients with group A, and in two out of four patients with group C meningococcal meningitis. (bmj.com)
  • Interestingly, the incidence and prevalence of H.influenzae are higher among Alaska native children (incidence rate: 5.4 per 100,000) as compared to other races despite Hib immunization. (statpearls.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae (Lehmann and Neumann) Winslow et al. (atcc.org)
  • The incubation period (time between exposure and first symptoms) of H. influenzae disease is not certain but could be as short as 7 days. (wikidoc.org)
  • H. influenzae type b vaccination is safe and effective in patients with well-functioning renal allografts and should be recommended to renal transplant recipients who may have the risk of invasive disease on the basis of the immunosuppressive state. (scienceopen.com)
  • Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. (medscape.com)
  • The continuing role of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage surveillance as a mechanism for early detection of invasive disease activity. (medscape.com)
  • A commenter on Wednesday's post suggested that I consider using the available 'metabolic reconstruction' of H. influenzae to assess whether the nucleotides from DNA uptake would make a significant contribution to growth. (fieldofscience.com)
  • H. influenzae is responsible for a wide range of localized and invasive infections, typically in infants and children, including pneumonia, meningitis, or bloodstream infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • H. Influenzae contains pili, which are specialized to adhere to the human nasopharynx. (wikipedia.org)
  • H. influenzae colonizes the nasopharynx of up to 75% of the population, from where the Hib strains in particular can invade the bloodstream and subsequently pass to the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae can cause infections in children and sometimes in adults. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A virulent H. influenzae type b strain was used to construct a lambda library of chromosomal DNA in Charon 4. (jci.org)
  • The most virulent strain is H influenzae type b (Hib). (medscape.com)
  • Beta-lactamase emergence in the 1970s caused the therapy for severe cases of H. influenzae to be changed from ampicillin to cephalosporins, however further resistance to cephalosporins has occurred due to changes in the transpeptidase domain of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). (wikipedia.org)