• We aim to assess the relationship between the humoral immunity against influenza and the 3-month all-cause mortality among hospitalized older patients with COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunity against influenza vaccine subtypes/lineages was also not significantly associated with severity and complication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunity against influenza subtypes/lineages included in the 2020-2021 vaccine was not associated with a lower 3-month all-cause mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients.Trial registration: The study was approved by a hospital committee with competency for research not requiring approval by an institutional review board (Tours University Medical Center, Tours, France: reference: 2021_015). (bvsalud.org)
  • If a mouse survives a SeV infection, it develops a lifelong immunity to subsequent viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • We propose a therapeutic regimen to supplement the current supportive therapy aiming to reduce viral load, the most important factor in the determination of mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epizootic infections of mice are usually associated with a high mortality rate, while enzootic disease patterns suggest that the virus is latent and can be cleared over the course of a year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an efficient viral replication as well as for the setting up of viral latency, leading to a repressed transcription of the integrated provirus.nnRESULTS: In this study, we examined the role of two parameters in HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. (cnrs.fr)
  • Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)
  • SeV has several features that are important in a vector for a successful vaccine: the virus does not integrate into the host genome, it does not undergo genetic recombination, it replicates only in the cytoplasm without DNA intermediates or a nuclear phase and it is does not cause any disease in humans or domestic animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vaccinia virus A56 protein was one of the earliest-described poxvirus proteins with an identifiable activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Much has been learned regarding nuclear entry, but the cellular proteins involved are still unknown and the exact role of each viral component remains controversial [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. (pdfroom.com)
  • protective cytotoxic t-cell responses induced by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing ebola virus proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • filovirus vaccine research efforts still need to determine the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in protection from ebola virus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The virus is responsible for a highly transmissible respiratory tract infection in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and occasionally marmosets, with infection passing through both air and direct contact routes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inbred and outbred mouse and rat strains have very different susceptibility to Sendai virus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was shown that resistance to the lethal effects of Sendai virus in mice is genetically controlled and expressed through control of viral replication within the first 72 hours of infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of both strains with exogenous IFN before and during viral infection led to an increase in survival time in C57BL/6 mice, but all animals of both strains ultimately succumb to SeV caused disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • nine unique antibodies were identified after sequencing the vh- and vl-genes encoding the selected antibodies. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • As a result of vaccination against HPIV1 a significant boost in virus-specific neutralizing antibodies was observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additional representatives of the family reviewed in this article are the human (HCV) and bovine (BCV) coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), haemagglutinating encephalitis virus (HEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (pdfroom.com)
  • Bats are a major reservoir of zoonotic viruses, including coronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • We hypothesized that this association depends on the humoral responses against influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previous humoral responses to influenza viruses were assessed using a hemagglutination inhibition assay on routinely collected blood samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • nearly thirty years after the first epidemics, ebola virus (ebov) remains hardly described, its transmission unclear and its reservoir elusive. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • soon after the ebola fever outbreak and virus discovery in 1976 and in order to investigate the distribution of ebov in central africa, several countries including a range of ecological zones were investigated in the early 1980s, using extensive survey: central african republic (car), cameroon, chad, congo, gabon and equatorial guinea. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through viral load suppression, we may be able to prolong a patient's survival in order to provide a better chance for the patient to develop natural immune defense against the EBOV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EBOV is an enveloped filamentous RNA virus belonging to the family Filoviridae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • the status of current laboratory diagnostics for ebola and marburg virus infections is discussed in terms of the assays available and their interpretation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Sendai virus is used as a backbone for vaccine development against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis, against HIV-1 that causes AIDS and against other viruses, including those that cause severe respiratory infections in children. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus is immunosuppressive and may predispose to secondary bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been suggested that the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are better in individuals having recently received an influenza vaccine than in non-vaccinated individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Japan intranasal Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was created and tested in a mouse model. (wikipedia.org)
  • in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • ebola virus circulation in africa: a balance between clinical expression and epidemiological silence. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • To evaluate the zoonotic potential of these viruses, we analyzed in silico and in vitro the ability of their RBDs to bind to mammalian ACE2s and concluded that these viruses are likely restricted to their bat hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • we reviewed published reports on 254-nm uv inactivation and tabulated the sensitivities of a wide variety of viruses, including those with double-stranded dna, single-stranded dna, double-stranded rna, or single-stranded rna genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Murine respirovirus, formerly Sendai virus (SeV) and previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is an enveloped, 150-200 nm-diameter, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also provide evidence that virion-associated cholesterol contributes to the interaction between HCV particles and apolipoprotein E. The molecular basis for the effects of different sterols on HCV infectivity is discussed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Most experimental data have been obtained from studies of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens (IBV). (pdfroom.com)
  • The virus is infectious for many cancer cell lines (see below), and has oncolytic properties demonstrated in animal models and in naturally-occurring cancers in animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • we demonstrate that human milk can inhibit the dc-sign-mediated transfer of hiv-1 to cd4+ t lymphocytes as well as viral transfer by both immature and mature dcs. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Lastly, we noticed an enrichment of predicted G4 sequences in the promoter of TOP1-repressed cellular genes.nnCONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the formation of a TOP1/G4 complex on the HIV-1 LTR promoter and its repressive effect on the promoter activity. (cnrs.fr)
  • The virus can be detected in mouse colonies worldwide, generally in suckling to young adult mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant to the virus, while DBA/2J mice are sensitive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The protein encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV ORF1 was tested for deubiquitinating activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-AMC, Nedd8-AMC and SUMO-AMC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the goal of this study was to estimate inactivation of viruses by solar exposure. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fully elucidating the early steps of retrovirus replication is therefore crucial not only for identifying new antiretroviral drugs, but also for improving the design of retroviral vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The workflow applied here to characterize the spillover potential of novel sarbecoviruses is of major interest for each time a new virus is discovered, in order to concentrate surveillance efforts on high-risk interfaces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recombination and cross-species transmission between bats seemed to constitute major drivers of virus evolution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most of the therapeutic agents in this review are directed against non-mutable targets of the host, which is independent of viral mutation. (biomedcentral.com)