• Ebola virus (EBOV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever that is fatal in up to 90% of cases in both humans and nonhuman primates. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection can result in a wide variety of symptoms, including those of: mild respiratory illness (the common cold), hand, foot and mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, severe neonatal sepsis-like disease, acute flaccid paralysis, and the related acute flaccid myelitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus , in the Poxviridae family (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • Renal inflammatory diseases range from mild to severe, acute to chronic and may be associated with predisposing risk factors like diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), leukemia, vesico- ureteric reflux and staghorn calculi. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. (mdpi.com)
  • Measles virus induces persistent infection by autoregulation of viral replication. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Insects like mosquitos and ticks, of course, host and transmit many kinds of viral infections, including yellow fever, dengue, and encephalitis. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • We identified residue 313 in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) as the genetic determinant of BTN3A3 sensitivity (313F or, rarely, 313L in avian viruses) or evasion (313Y or 313V in human viruses). (bvsalud.org)
  • Infected hosts possess two alternative strategies to protect themselves against the negative impact of virus infections: resistance, used to abrogate virus replication, and disease tolerance, used to avoid tissue damage without controlling viral burden. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show that (i) virus modulation of the host antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses, (ii) viral replication kinetics, and (iii) virus-induced cell damage differ in tolerant and susceptible BTV-infected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since its discovery in 1976, Ebolavirus has caused periodic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever associated with severe and often fatal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides their function in the virus replication cycle, the viral glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, minor matrix protein and polymerase cofactor are viral determinants of pathogenicity, with evasion of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as the main mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ebolaviruses are known for their ability to cause devastating viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans and great apes, but the natural reservoir for EBOV has remained elusive for many years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2007 to 2008 a large outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever with a case-fatality rate of approximately 25% occurred in humans in Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • E make up the family Filoviridae , cause severe hemorrhagic against these gene products but only partially protected them disease in humans and nonhuman primates, killing up to 90% against lethal challenge (9). (cdc.gov)
  • On the basis of their pathogenesis in humans and animals, the enteroviruses were originally classified into four groups, polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses (CA), Coxsackie B viruses (CB), and echoviruses, but it was quickly realized that there were significant overlaps in the biological properties of viruses in the different groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cowpox virus "scarification" by Jenner, used to induce protective immunity against smallpox, is not a single species but a group of up to 5 virus species that infects cows, humans, and other animals. (medscape.com)
  • Spillover events of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) to humans could represent the first step in a future pandemic1. (bvsalud.org)
  • They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, other studies suggested that inactivated EBOV equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) replicon particles (VRP) did not induce sufficient immunity to reliably protect expressing EBOV genes known to protect guinea pigs and hamadryl baboons against a lethal challenge (7). (cdc.gov)
  • VACV) system expressing EBOV GP and demonstrated that lowing this strategy by using newly developed infectious this vector protected guinea pigs from EBOV hemorrhagic clones of EBOV may now be feasible (8). (cdc.gov)
  • Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is highly correlative with fatalities. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • nearly thirty years after the first epidemics, ebola virus (ebov) remains hardly described, its transmission unclear and its reservoir elusive. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • soon after the ebola fever outbreak and virus discovery in 1976 and in order to investigate the distribution of ebov in central africa, several countries including a range of ecological zones were investigated in the early 1980s, using extensive survey: central african republic (car), cameroon, chad, congo, gabon and equatorial guinea. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EBOV is an enveloped filamentous RNA virus belonging to the family Filoviridae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
  • Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
  • The term 'cytokine storm' entered the popular lexicon with previous influenza virus pandemics but has become even more mainstream because of the severe inflammation that can accompany SARS-CoV-2 infection 1 . (nature.com)
  • Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single polyprotein, which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded proteases into the structural capsid proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chikungunya is an arbo virus infection transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, a small, innocuous insect with an attractive striped body. (findmeacure.com)
  • There is a reservoir of infection as the virus survives in warm blooded vertebrates like monkeys, rodents and birds. (findmeacure.com)
  • infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • filovirus vaccine research efforts still need to determine the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in protection from ebola virus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • In their paper published, the research team reports finding that dendritic cells of elite controllers are better able to detect the presence of HIV paradoxically through a greater susceptibility to HIV infection which enables them to stimulate the generation of T cells specifically targeting the virus. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
  • protective cytotoxic t-cell responses induced by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing ebola virus proteins. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • When viruses replicate in giant numbers, as they do, they also may undergo fundamental changes, notably in their DNA genetic code. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • Poxviridae are linear, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus Incompleti 0 domande Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (lookformedical.com)
  • Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. (lookformedical.com)
  • Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus Helper 0 domande Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) develop ordinary or hemorrhagic smallpox depending on the size of the inoculum. (medscape.com)
  • We show that BTN3A3 restriction acts primarily at the early stages of the virus life cycle by inhibiting avian IAV RNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • IMPORTANCE The host immune response usually aims to inhibit virus replication in order to avoid cell damage and disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Virus Oncolitici 0 domande Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. (lookformedical.com)
  • Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Persistent and transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in children born to HBV-infected mothers despite active and passive vaccination. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Had an easy question where it asked for the structure of Hepatitis B: dsDNA, enveloped virus These are some questions remembered on USMLE Step 1 this year. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit! (prolekarniky.cz)
  • It is also a source of concern for vaccination strategies, because live attenuated/mutated strains used for vaccination could potentially recombine with wild-type related strains, as has been the case with circulating vaccine derived polio viruses (cVDPDs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Now there is evidence from two separate cohorts of children, and two separate teams of researchers, that the vaccine strain measles virus is present in these children. (whale.to)
  • They are not hard questions but USMLE still has some easy questions like those *A 34 year-old man presents to the ER complaining of fevers, chills, headache and malaise. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • AAVs are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses used in gene therapy to insert copies of missing genes into host cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Enterovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • we reviewed published reports on 254-nm uv inactivation and tabulated the sensitivities of a wide variety of viruses, including those with double-stranded dna, single-stranded dna, double-stranded rna, or single-stranded rna genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Batteriofagi 0 domande Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Hemorrhagic bacterial is indicated in pregnancy and patients with nephritis which is relatively uncommon shows contraindication to iodinated contrast such as hyper attenuating areas representing parenchymal transplant recipients. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deletion of the A56R gene results in varying effects on vaccinia virus virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In addition, fever begins to subside, and infections often begin to clear. (medscape.com)
  • Enteroviruses are a group of ubiquitous viruses that cause a number of infections which are usually mild. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • High fever and joint pain can appear acutely in other infections like dengue, malaria or filaria. (findmeacure.com)
  • the status of current laboratory diagnostics for ebola and marburg virus infections is discussed in terms of the assays available and their interpretation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • This strategy is known as disease tolerance, and it is used by animal reservoirs of some zoonotic viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The largest virus is smaller than the tiniest bacteria, so tiny they cannot even be seen with a regular light microscope. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • And unlike bacteria, viruses, as far as we know, are never good for you. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • Virus Delle Piante 0 domande Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • Of the 81 non-polio types, there are 22 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 25 other enteroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We have shown that dendritic cells, which play a critical role in generating virus-specific T cells, have an improved ability to recognize HIV and build effective immune responses in elite controllers. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Because of this critical role of dendritic cells, the investigators explored the hypothesis that dendritic cells of elite controllers were better able to sense HIV and as a result to generate virus-specific T-cell responses. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • While this may seem beneficial, it actually works more to the benefit of the virus than the infected individual by allowing HIV to escape recognition by dendritic cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus 1 quesito Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. (lookformedical.com)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Provirus 0 domande Duplex DNA sequences in eukaryotic chromosomes, corresponding to the genome of a virus, that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus Riassortanti 0 domande Viruses containing two or more pieces of nucleic acid (segmented genome) from different parents. (lookformedical.com)
  • in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 4. Kilgore PE, Grabenstein JD, Salim AM, Rybak M. Treatment of ebola virus disease. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • 7. Younan P, Iampietro M, Bukreyev A. Disabling of lymphocyte immune response by Ebola virus. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • ebola virus circulation in africa: a balance between clinical expression and epidemiological silence. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)
  • After HIV DNA enters the nucleus of an infected cell, it becomes integrated into the cellular DNA, turning it into an HIV factory that generates more virus particles. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses, as experts know them now, consist of little more than strings of their own genetic information (DNA or RNA) housed in a protein shell. (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • They appear in the genetic double-helix in patterns, captured in scientific terms by letter chains like A-T-C-G. Scientists have learned to map or sequence these, giving them i mportant new ways to detect and protect against viruses . (patrickmalonelaw.com)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • citation needed] Coxsackie A16 virus causes human hand, foot and mouth disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several gaps in our understanding to predict which virus lineages are more likely to cross the species barrier and cause disease in humans1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we studied bluetongue virus (BTV), the cause of bluetongue disease of ruminants, as a model system to investigate the mechanisms of virus-host interactions correlating with disease tolerance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, using a virus of ruminants (bluetongue virus [BTV]) as an experimental system, we dissected virus-host interactions in cells collected from species that are susceptible (sheep) or tolerant (cow) to disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding the complex virus-host interactions in disease tolerance can allow us to disentangle the critical balance between protective and damaging host immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such viruses are produced in cells coinfected with different strains of a given virus. (lookformedical.com)