Influenza virus gene defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our findings demonstrate AAV delivery of cross-subtype neutralizing nanobodies may be an effective strategy to prevent influenza infection and provide long-term protection independent of a host induced immune response. (frontiersin.org)
The goal is for harmless TIPs to outnumber flu virus genetic elements so infected cells would generate relatively few infectious viruses and a bumper crop of "dud viruses" with TIP genes, rapidly diluting the harmful viruses and halting the infection, according to DARPA. (rutgers.edu)
Inoculation with vaccina virus produces a localized skin infection. (medscape.com)
and poor responsiveness among the elderly, who often are the most vulnerable to influenza infection. (unl.edu)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
Unlike the laboratory mouse, which either lacks or has defective Mx genes that are of great importance in the host response to infection, the cotton rat has fully functional Mx genes that appear to respond to infection in the same manner as human Mx genes. (sigmovir.com)
Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses correlated with protection against lethal influenza virus infection. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover, antibody responses induced by influenza virus vaccines are usually short-lived and less cross-reactive against antigenically drifted virus variants than those induced by a natural influenza virus infection 1 . (researchsquare.com)
Additionally, vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers diminish over time, thereby affecting the extent of protection against infection during an entire influenza season and the subsequent seasons. (researchsquare.com)
Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) may also magnify pre-existing airway remodeling leading to asthma exacerbation. (biomedcentral.com)
Del Sarto J, Gerlt V, Friedrich ME, Anhlan D, Wixler V, Teixeira MM, Boergeling Y, Stephan Ludwig (2021) Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection. (uni-muenster.de)
Schloer S, Goretzko J, Pleschka S, Ludwig S, and Rescher U. (2020) Combinatory Treatment with Oseltamivir and Itraconazole Targeting Both Virus and Host Factors in Influenza A Virus Infection. (uni-muenster.de)
Often multiple genes are involved in the given biological process as complex as the successful viral infection. (healthdrugpdf.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
The RNA silencing response to viral infection is so robust that all major groups of plant viruses examined to date, including those with DNA genomes, have been shown to encode one or more RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) which act as pathogenicity determinants (4, 34). (moam.info)
A multiplicity of viral functions has evolved to modulate the host cell environment in order to ensure the efficient production of new infectious virus during lytic infection. (moam.info)
Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses. (prolekarniky.cz)
Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)
A connection between cancer regression and viruses has long been theorised, and case reports of regression noted in cervical cancer , Burkitt lymphoma , and Hodgkin lymphoma , after immunisation or infection with an unrelated virus appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. (privacytools.io)
[15] Efforts to treat cancer through immunisation or virotherapy (deliberate infection with a virus), began in the mid-20th century. (privacytools.io)
Viewing infection by SARS-CoV-2 as one such stimulus, we set out to investigate how this pandemic-causing virus might impact features of host chromatin and how those impacts, in turn, contribute to defects in a successful anti-viral response. (springernature.com)
Weakening and mixing of these compartments after SARS-CoV-2 infection indicates that mechanisms of chromatin compartmentalization have become defective and that these regions have begun to lose identity. (springernature.com)
We found that after SARS-CoV-2 infection, this cohesin structure was depleted from the TADs and some genes critical to the interferon response subsequently lost their enhancer-promoter contacts. (springernature.com)
Particularly the HIV virus attacks the cells of the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infection by any number of opportunistic organism. (bio-asli.com)
We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)

Acylation of the hemagglutinin-esterase has shown to play an essential role in virus particle assembly replication. (wikipedia.org)
The novel RNA-binding site of NS1B is required for optimal influenza B virus replication and is absent from influenza A viruses. (cusabio.com)
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
Wilden JJ, van Krüchten A, Gieselmann L, Hrincius ER, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Haupt KF, Preugschas HF, Niemann S, Ludwig S, and Ehrhardt C. (2020) The influenza replication blocking inhibitor LASAG does not sensitize human epithelial cells for bacterial infections. (uni-muenster.de)
and with each passage, the virus replicates in chicken cells more efficiently and loses replication in human cells. (medicaltrend.org)
Viral vectors that have been genetically modified to make replication defective are called non-replicating vectors. (medicaltrend.org)
In order to produce a replication-deficient vector, the two early genes E1A and E1B of adenovirus were replaced with transgene (the insertion antigen of the target pathogen) expression cassette, thereby preventing the virus from replicating in the host cell. (medicaltrend.org)
For replication-deficient vaccines, each virus particle used as a vector can only infect a single cell, and a transgene carried only once can be used to induce host cell immune responses. (medicaltrend.org)
The importance of RNA silencing to HSV-1 replication was confirmed by a significantly enhanced virus burst size in cells in which silencing was knocked down with small inhibitory RNAs directed to Argonaute 2, an integral component of the silencing complex. (moam.info)
Given that HSV-1 encodes several microRNAs, it is possible that a dynamic equilibrium exists between silencing and silencing suppression that is capable of modulating viral gene expression to promote replication, to evade host defenses, and/or to promote latency. (moam.info)
Virus replication leads to the production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers the RNA silencing response and robust production of siRNA. (moam.info)
The rule of six, a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)

In certain influenza viruses, the cell surface consists of both hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins that encompass enzymatic activities, whereas hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) proteins have been found to be the primary single spike protein that combines all of the enzymatic activities listed above. (wikipedia.org)
HEF proteins have been tested to be high-temperature and low-pH resistant and are the primary source of virulence in viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza C have been shown to have unique HEF structure proteins that enhance its ability to infect the host cell compared to influenza A and B. The folding of different domains in the hemagglutinin-esterase protein is important for intracellular transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
DARPA says it wants to harness TIPs - tiny virus-like entities with engineered genetic material that encodes defective viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
In a cell infected with both a flu virus and a TIP, the cell makes copies of the TIP genome that compete for viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
Within the innate immune responses, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a key sensor of virus infections, mediating the transcriptional induction of IFNs and inflammatory proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Here using a recombinant virus encoding a NS1B protein defective in ISG15 binding, the authors show that NS1B counteracts ISGylation-mediated antiviral activity by binding and sequestering ISGylated viral proteins, primarily ISGylated viral nucleoprotein, in infected cells. (cusabio.com)
These characteristics make the monolithic supports suitable for fast separation and purification of large biomolecules such as proteins, DNA and viruses, which sometimes exceed 200 nm in size and thus have low diffusion constants. (biaseparations.com)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Taqman mRNAs assays and immunoblotting were used to assess expression of target genes and proteins, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I interferon antagonistic properties of influenza B virus polymerase proteins. (uni-muenster.de)
More common are small, subtle changes of the DNA sequence that can alter the structure and function of the proteins encoded by genes. (healthdrugpdf.com)
The genes that encode proteins comprise only a tiny fraction of human DNA, even though they represent the major biological function of the genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
An educated guess is made regarding the characteristics of a gene involved in HIV resistance (for example only cell-surface proteins will be examined as they may bind HIV). (healthdrugpdf.com)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)
The vaccinia virus A56 protein was one of the earliest-described poxvirus proteins with an identifiable activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Hemagglutinin esterase (HEs) is a glycoprotein that certain enveloped viruses possess and use as an invading mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Certain studies revealed that coronavirus and toroviruses HE was originated from HEF glycoprotein that is found in influenza C viruses which resulted from alteration of hemagglutinin esterase from a trimer into a dimer glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
The conventional influenza vaccine platform uses weakened or dead versions of the influenza virus to stimulate immunity against hemagglutinin (HA), a spike-shaped protein that extends from the surface of the virus and attacks cells. (unl.edu)
Protective anti-influenza immunity often correlates with antibody responses to influenza surface glycoproteins, particularly hemagglutinin (HA), the main antigenic determinant on the surface of both influenza virus and infected cells. (researchsquare.com)

By considering different viruses, such as influenza, Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), yellow fever, Zika as well as afusogenic oncolytic virus (VSV-NDV), experience and data for a knowledge platform is collected to bring process development for applications in vaccines and virotherapy(gene and cancer therapy, defective interfering particles (DIPs) as antivirals) towards next-generation manufacturing. (peace-conference.org)
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are tumor-selective, multi-mechanistic antitumor agents. (biomedcentral.com)
Masemann D, Meissner R, Schied T, Lichty BD, Rapp UR, Wixler V, and Ludwig S. (2021) Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic influenza viruses and B7-H3 immune- checkpoint inhibitors against IC-resistant lung cancers. (uni-muenster.de)
In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells . (privacytools.io)
[1] [2] Oncolytic viruses are thought not only to cause direct destruction of the tumour cells, but also to stimulate host anti-tumour immune system responses. (privacytools.io)
[3] [4] Oncolytic viruses also have the ability to affect the tumor micro-environment in multiple ways. (privacytools.io)
[7] A number of viruses including adenovirus , reovirus , measles , herpes simplex , Newcastle disease virus , and vaccinia have been clinically tested as oncolytic agents. (privacytools.io)
[8] Most current oncolytic viruses are engineered for tumour selectivity, although there are naturally occurring examples such as reovirus and the senecavirus , [9] resulting in clinical trials . (privacytools.io)
[12] In 2015, talimogene laherparepvec (OncoVex, T-VEC), an oncolytic herpes virus which is a modified herpes simplex virus, became the first oncolytic virus to be approved for use in the United States and the European Union , for the treatment of advanced inoperable melanoma . (privacytools.io)
[15] [16] As the technology to create a custom virus did not exist, all early efforts focused on finding natural oncolytic viruses. (privacytools.io)

Making Better Influenza Virus Vaccines? (cdc.gov)
Killed and live influenza virus vaccines are effective in preventing and curbing the spread of disease, but new technologies such as reverse genetics could be used to improve them and to shorten the lengthy process of preparing vaccine seed viruses. (cdc.gov)
By taking advantage of these new technologies, we could develop live vaccines that would be safe, cross-protective against variant strains, and require less virus per dose than conventional vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, pandemic vaccines against highly virulent strains such as the H5N1 virus can only be generated by reverse genetics techniques. (cdc.gov)
Finally, universal influenza virus vaccines seem to be within reach. (cdc.gov)
These new strategies will be successful if they are supported by regulatory agencies and if a robust market for influenza virus vaccines against interpandemic and pandemic threats is made and sustained. (cdc.gov)
Influenza virus vaccines were first developed in the 1940s and consisted of partially purified preparations of influenza viruses grown in embryonated eggs. (cdc.gov)
This technology, which originated from uses for military purposes, revolutionized the purification process and industrial production of many viruses for vaccines. (cdc.gov)
To this day, it remains the basis for the manufacturing process of our influenza virus vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Also, because the cumbersome classical reassortment technique used for preparing the appropriate seed strains makes the yearly process of manufacturing influenza virus vaccines unnecessarily lengthy, new variants first appearing early in the season are rarely considered for the vaccine formulation of the following winter. (cdc.gov)
Most influenza virus vaccines used in the United States and Europe consist of embryonated egg-grown and formaldehyde-inactivated preparations, which, after purification, are chemically disrupted with a nonionic detergent (for example, Triton X-100). (cdc.gov)
The split virus preparations show lower pyrogenicity than whole virus vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The prophylactic vaccines are against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer, and against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which are responsible for about 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. (biomedcentral.com)
These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
However, due to antigenic drift in influenza viruses, vaccines need to be updated every year to protect against the circulating strains of the virus. (researchsquare.com)
The most effective weapons against viruses are vaccines, but tese are used to prevent disease, not treat it. (bio-asli.com)
Vaccines used dead or weakened viruses that are injected into the body. (bio-asli.com)
Viruses are continually mutating and new strains emerging, so vaccines for most of them aren t available. (bio-asli.com)

A much more promising strategy is to use recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against influenza and several are currently in clinical development ( 9 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Recombinant Adenovirus (rAd) is commonly used for vaccination and gene transfer for cancer applications. (biaseparations.com)
Hands on experience in techniques involving recombinant DNA technology such as preparation of plasmid DNA, transformation of bacteria by plasmid DNA, characterization of plasmids, cloning of DNA fragments into vectors, vaccinia virus, hybridization and electrophoretic procedures. (sprayprotectgo.com)
The recombinant HVT-VP2 viruses were stable and showed continuous expression of VP2 even after several passages in cell culture. (thepoultrysite.com)

R1a-B6-Fc fusions of both isotypes gave complete protection against lethal challenge with both pandemic A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 and avian influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1). (frontiersin.org)
Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)

Pursuit of a universal influenza vaccine has been difficult. (unl.edu)

I have numerous scientific publication to my credit, including research studies on gene therapy using retrovirus vectors. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Adenovirus vectors are widely used in gene therapy and vaccine development due to their ability to efficiently deliver genes and antigens to target cells. (inventiv.org)
Methods to generate immune responses using the adenovirus Vectors are provided that allow multiple vaccinations with one adenovirus virus vector, and vaccinations of individuals with preexisting immunity. (inventiv.org)
One study found that most people have antibodies against Ad5 (the most common serotype for gene-transfer vectors), and that about two-thirds have lymphoproliferative responses to Ad (Chirmule et al. (inventiv.org)

Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
Patil A, Anhlan D, Ferrando V, Mecate-Zambrano A, Mellmann A, Wixler V, Boergeling Y, and Ludwig S (2021) Phosphorylation of influenza A virus NS1 at serine 205 mediates its viral polymerase-enhancing function. (uni-muenster.de)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Cross-subtype neutralizing single domain antibodies against influenza present new opportunities for immunoprophylaxis and pandemic preparedness. (frontiersin.org)
In a pandemic, a new influenza virus emerges and infects the human population which has little or no pre-existing immunity ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
For enhanced surveillance capacity during the 2009 influenza pandemic, new sites were added to this platform. (cdc.gov)
FluSurv-NET has helped to determine the risk for influenza-associated illness in various segments of the US population, define the severity of influenza seasons and the 2009 pandemic, and guide recommendations for treatment and vaccination programs. (cdc.gov)

Mice protected by the unconventional vaccine survived exposure to lethal doses of seven of nine widely divergent influenza viruses. (unl.edu)
A final vaccine analysis using a lethal influenza virus challenge showed that despite the differences in the immune responses observed in the mice, the mice had very similar patterns of protection. (mdpi.com)

Receptor hydrolysis (esterase) activity allows virus particles to escape the infected cell by removing an acetyl group from the C9 position of terminal 9-O-Ac-Neu5Ac residues. (wikipedia.org)
This feature is unique to influenza C virus particles. (wikipedia.org)
The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)
Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis , they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour. (privacytools.io)

An ideal influenza vaccine would be inexpensive, provide long-lasting immunity, require few immunizations and would work against all variants of the virus," Weaver said. (unl.edu)
However, Weaver said his study is the first to report the use of multiple centralized HA genes, identified using protein sequence analysis programs, to provide the greatest level of cross-protective immunity possible. (unl.edu)
OVs armed with GM-CSF (such as T-VEC and Pexa-Vec) or other immunostimulatory genes, induce potent anti-tumor immunity in both animal models and human patients. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, Vaxart Inc. is developing an oral adenovirus vector-based vaccine for COVID-19 that can provide long-lasting immunity against the virus. (inventiv.org)

Specifically, the 2005-2006 vaccine formulation is made up of the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/California/7/2004 (H3N2), and B/Shanghai/361/2002 viruses. (cdc.gov)
MANILA, Philippines Virgin coconut oil or VCO could be the country s weapon against the deadly H1N1 flu virus, a new party-list representative said yesterday. (bio-asli.com)

Her role will be to provide imaging and quantification methods to study, in cells and eventually animals, which parts of the influenza virus genome have mutated and to what degree. (rutgers.edu)
For this purpose, the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned into CVRM genome by recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
The objective of work presented by Sanjay M. Reddy of Texas A&M University was to evaluate potential cloning sites in the HVT genome for stable expression of foreign genes. (thepoultrysite.com)
There is thought to be more than 30,000 genes in the human genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Deletion of the A56R gene results in varying effects on vaccinia virus virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Vaccination with vaccinia virus has been directly responsible for the successful eradication of smallpox (variola). (medscape.com)
Although the exact origins of vaccinia virus are uncertain, vaccinia may represent a hybrid of the variola and cowpox viruses. (medscape.com)
During 2003, because of the concern for biological warfare, the United States government recommended that all first responders be vaccinated with the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
The history of the vaccinia virus is that of smallpox, a serious illness characterized by the eruption of small pocklike lesions throughout the skin and internal organs. (medscape.com)
While attempting to identify the responsible agent, Dr. Jenner ultimately isolated the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
In the United States, Dryvax became the first approved vaccinia virus vaccine in 1931. (medscape.com)
Vaccinia virus is the species now characterized as the constituent of smallpox vaccine. (medscape.com)
Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS . (lookformedical.com)

RNA viruses like influenza are coated by a protein-studded membrane envelope, Fabris noted. (rutgers.edu)
Ideally, the TIPs will be introduced into influenza virus populations and compete for protein, so the virus will starve and not be able to reproduce," she said. (rutgers.edu)
In this work, we describe, for the first time, how knocking-down or knocking-out the expression of IFN alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) increases IFN, ISG, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after the infections with Influenza A Virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai Virus (SeV), or poly(I:C) transfection. (bvsalud.org)
The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to suppress silencing was examined in a transient expression system that employed an imperfect hairpin to target degradation of transcripts encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). (moam.info)
These include functions that promote viral gene transcription, inhibition of host mRNA processing, increased degradation of mRNA, and a shutoff of host protein synthesis (29, 52, 58). (moam.info)
The protein encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV ORF1 was tested for deubiquitinating activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-AMC, Nedd8-AMC and SUMO-AMC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Analysis of the Sendai virus M gene and protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Sendai virus M protein is found in two distinct isoforms defined by monoclonal antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The vaccine is designed to express the spike protein of the virus, which can stimulate the immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies. (inventiv.org)

Over the ensuing decades the cotton rat has been shown to be a preferred model of an impressive list of human pathogens: RSV, influenza (A and B serotypes), adenoviruses (several serotypes), parainfluenza virus (type 3), measles, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), human metapneumovirus, Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (sigmovir.com)

They're called TIPs and their task would be to infiltrate and outcompete influenza , HIV , Ebola and other viruses. (rutgers.edu)
Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is highly correlative with fatalities. (prolekarniky.cz)
Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease 2018. (prolekarniky.cz)
Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit! (prolekarniky.cz)
4. Kilgore PE, Grabenstein JD, Salim AM, Rybak M. Treatment of ebola virus disease. (prolekarniky.cz)
Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. (prolekarniky.cz)
7. Younan P, Iampietro M, Bukreyev A. Disabling of lymphocyte immune response by Ebola virus. (prolekarniky.cz)
Another company, GenVec Inc., is developing an adenovirus vector-based vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease. (inventiv.org)

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a better cost-effective influenza vaccine which can induce antigenically broader and long-lasting immune response. (researchsquare.com)
RNAi is mediated by small (21- to 24-nucleotide [nt]) antisense RNAs that induce gene-specific silencing by virtue of complete or partial complementarity with their respective target mRNAs (2, 13, 72, 73, 75). (moam.info)

Ludwig S, Hrincius ER, and Boergeling Y (2021) The Two Sides of the Same Coin-Influenza Virus and Intracellular Signal Transduction. (uni-muenster.de)
2021) Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay does not restrict influenza A virus propagation. (uni-muenster.de)

The vaccine is designed to express the glycoprotein of the virus, which can elicit a strong immune response against the virus. (inventiv.org)

Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)

The objective of the work presented in Chicago was to evaluate CVMR-BAC as an expression vector of foreign genes. (thepoultrysite.com)

Weaver said the study is the first to report on whether a universal flu shot could be created by using a combination of multiple genes shared at the ancestral level by flu strains circulating today. (unl.edu)

One hundred fifty-three pediatric deaths were associated with influenza infections during the 2003-2004 season in 40 states, whereas only 9 such deaths had been reported in the following season ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Our model systems included three unrelated viral infections caused by Influenza A virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai virus (SeV), and transfection with an analog of double-stranded (ds) RNA. (bvsalud.org)
To put this in other terms, our current influenza vaccine programs and technologies reduce influenza infections and hospitalizations by 4.75 percent and 6.9 percent, respectively," Weaver said. (unl.edu)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the prototypic member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, which induces lytic infections in epithelial cells of its native host (47, 65). (moam.info)
In 2003, surveillance for influenza in hospitalized persons was added to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program network. (cdc.gov)

Although antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir are available to control the spread of the virus their effectiveness is limited in treating patients with influenza ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and inflammatory cytokines mediate innate immune responses, and are essential to establish an antiviral response. (bvsalud.org)
RNA-induced silencing is a potent innate antiviral defense strategy in plants, and suppression of silencing is a hallmark of pathogenic plant viruses. (moam.info)
However, the impact of silencing as a mammalian antiviral defense mechanism and the ability of mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial. (moam.info)

Changes in the HA of circulating viruses (antigenic drift) require periodic replacement of the vaccine strains during interpandemic periods. (cdc.gov)
A vaccine combining centralized ancestral genes from four major influenza strains appears to provide broad protection against the dangerous ailment, according to new research by a team from the Nebraska Center for Virology . (unl.edu)
The CVI988 strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly effective vaccine to protect chicken against very virulent strains of MDV. (thepoultrysite.com)
Shanika Kurukulasuriya of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada explained recent studies have demonstrated that the majority of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (IBDVs) circulating in Canada are 'variant' strains and capable of immunosuppression in broilers. (thepoultrysite.com)

A more practical and cost-effective strategy would be to use antibody gene therapy which would provide long term sustainable protection through antibody production within the patient. (frontiersin.org)
The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, by genetically depleting the E3 and E4 genes of the adenovirus vector, the host cell-mediated elimination of adenovirus-infected cells and the instability of the transgene can be prevented. (medicaltrend.org)
Another study showed that an adenovirus vector vaccine containing an HIV-1 envelope gene was incapable in reimmunizing primed immune responses using non-adjuvanted genetic DNA. (inventiv.org)

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases, the growing demand for gene therapy, and the rising investments in research and development activities are some of the key factors driving the growth of the market. (inventiv.org)
In conclusion, the market for methods, compositions, and methods for creating an adenovirus virus vector for multiple vaccinations is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases, the growing demand for gene therapy, and the rising investments in research and development activities. (inventiv.org)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. (lookformedical.com)

The intracellular machinery of cotton rats differs markedly from that of laboratory mice, as evidenced by the fact that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) productively infects cotton rat cells, yet is blocked by post-entry mechanisms in mouse cells. (sigmovir.com)

Because of this bureaucratic roadblock, the H3N2 component of the 2003-2004 influenza virus vaccine was antigenically "off" and showed suboptimal efficacy. (cdc.gov)

The first is the direct oncolysis of cancer cells by the virus, which is, in most cases a mixture of apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death, often with one as predominant for a particular OV. (biomedcentral.com)
Sitnik S, Masemann D, Leite Dantas R, Wixler V, and Ludwig S. (2020) PD-1 IC Inhibition Synergistically Improves Influenza A Virus-Mediated Oncolysis of Metastatic Pulmonary Melanoma. (uni-muenster.de)

neuraminidase [NA] subtype 1), an H3N2 influenza A virus, and an influenza B virus. (cdc.gov)

Yet because the influenza virus mutates rapidly and because people, animals and birds often carry the virus without displaying symptoms, it's been difficult to develop a vaccine with long-term effectiveness. (unl.edu)
Influenza vaccine effectiveness could be improved by combination with an adjuvant with the potential to enhance the host-vaccine response both quantitatively and qualitatively. (researchsquare.com)

Diagnosis is by sweat test or identification of 2 cystic fibrosis-causing gene variants in patients with a positive newborn screening test result or characteristic clinical features. (msdmanuals.com)

The focus is on discovering how the influenza virus mutates at the cellular, animal and population levels, said Fabris, who works in the School of Engineering . (rutgers.edu)

For the first time in virology, Fabris and her team will use imaging tools with gold nanoparticles to monitor mutations in the influenza virus, with unprecedented sensitivity, when it enters cells. (rutgers.edu)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)

The variola virus causes smallpox and may have begun infecting humans approximately 10,000 years ago. (medscape.com)
Despite several vaccine candidates available on the market, influenza virus is responsible for severe illness in humans, with a substantial global death toll every year (https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/flu_by_age_virus.html). (researchsquare.com)
Now what happens is that, we as humans have evolved over millennia to actually have specific cells and those cells have particular receptors that will get rid of the virus or kill it or sequester it or some way make it so that it can't infect you and make you sick. (blogspot.com)

These innate immune responses are mediated by the induction of interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
The goal of this study was to explore a RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and a TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)‐PEG‐Chol) as adjuvants, when co-administered with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), and to determine the role of these adjuvants in directing helper T (Th) cell responses for their role in the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. (researchsquare.com)

Influenza virus continues to be a major public health concern, causing both annual epidemics and occasional pandemics ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)

Investigation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreaks Among People Who Inject Drugs: Timely Diagnosis and Molecular Surveillance are Crucial. (cdc.gov)
The cotton rat is considered the model of choice for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) studies because it recapitulates several characteristic features in the human disease. (sigmovir.com)
RNA from RSV-infected cotton rat lungs reacts with double (about 600) the number of genes on a human gene chip as on a mouse chip (about 300). (sigmovir.com)
Seasonal Influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV) co-circulate in the human population and keep evolving with time. (researchsquare.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate the expression of up to 60% of human genes [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Eventually, the virus attains an attenuated state, in which it can still trigger the required human immune response, but cannot replicate in human cells. (medicaltrend.org)
The high lauric content of virgin coconut oil is known to strengthen the human immune system against microbes and viruses, said former agriculture secretary Leonardo Montemayor. (bio-asli.com)
Murine gene mutations in human counterparts may be associated with a clinical illness different from the illness seen in mice. (medscape.com)

[15] The field of virotherapy was nearly abandoned for a time, as the technology required to modify viruses didn't exist whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy technology enjoyed early success. (privacytools.io)

The market for methods, compositions, and methods for creating an adenovirus virus vector for multiple vaccinations is rapidly growing. (inventiv.org)

Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

So, when you get infected by a virus or a bacterium, there is basically a war going on inside your body, where the virus wants to multiply, or the bacteria wants to multiply, and your immune system wants to keep it back down. (blogspot.com)
Now the virus then, is evolving inside our bodies to get around that immune system. (blogspot.com)
So basically, viruses have this tremendous chance to evolve inside of people, that is their host, so they can get around an immune system. (blogspot.com)
Does the virus toll the bell for immune system? (prolekarniky.cz)

From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)

Reverse genetic system, genetically stable reporter viruses and packaged subgenomic replicon based on a Brazilian Zika virus isolate. (cdc.gov)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
Genetic manipulation of non- segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Autosomal Recessive Genetic disorders determined by a single gene (Mendelian disorders) are easiest to analyze and the most well understood. (msdmanuals.com)

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was one of the first viruses to be adapted to attack cancer cells selectively, because it was well understood, easy to manipulate and relatively harmless in its natural state (merely causing cold sores ) so likely to pose fewer risks. (privacytools.io)

Intramembrane structural differentiation in Sendai virus maturation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Microscopy of internal structures of Sendai virus associated with the cytoplasmic surface of host membranes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The Sendai virus nucleocapsid exists in at least four different helical states. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Molecular cloning and characterization of a Sendai virus internal deletion defective RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Anatomy16

Organisms99

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care9

Geographicals1

Infection27

Replication14

Proteins18

Hemagglutinin5

Oncolytic11

Vaccines18

Recombinant4

H5N12

Universal influenza1

Vectors4

Polymerase3

Pandemic4

Lethal2

Particles5

Immunity4

H1N12

Genome4

Virulence1

Vaccinia8

Protein9

Pathogens1

Ebola8

Induce2

20212

Glycoprotein1

Measles virus1

Foreign genes1

Multiple genes1

Infections5

Antiviral4

Strains4

Antibody2

Adenovirus vector2

Infectious5

Antigenic1

Infects1

Antigenically1

Oncolysis2

H3N21

Effectiveness2

Variants1

Mutates1

Virology1

Antigens1

Humans3

Responses2

Epidemics2

Species1

Human8

Virotherapy1

Rapidly1

Hepatitis C vir1

Immune system4

Protective1

Genetic5

Herpes2

Sendai4