Influenza sentinel surveillance. Medical search. Frequent questions

All seasonal influenza vaccines expected to be available in the United States for the 2023-24 season are quadrivalent, containing hemagglutinin (HA) derived from one influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, one influenza A(H3N2) virus, one influenza B/Victoria lineage virus, and one influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus. (cdc.gov)
First, the composition of 2023-24 U.S. influenza vaccines includes an update to the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 component. (cdc.gov)
Of 23 influenza A (H1) viruses that were collected during May 21--September 9 (three from Asia, 18 from Latin America, and two from the United States) and analyzed at CDC, 17 (74%) were antigenically similar to A/New Caledonia/20/99, the H1N1 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Lessons learnt from the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the ongoing outbreaks of influenza H5N1 have been considered wherever appropriate. (who.int)
Infections during the season were predominantly due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with 90% of notifications being influenza A (56% A(H1N)1pdm09, 30% A(unsubtyped) and 4% A(H3N2)) and 10% being influenza B. The A(H1), A(H3) and B influenza viruses circulating during the 2010 season were antigenically similar to the respective 2010 vaccine strains. (health.gov.au)
Australia experienced a mild season in 2006, moderate seasons in 2007 and 2008 and an extra-ordinary season in 2009 due to the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. (health.gov.au)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
In 2006, 657 influenza isolates from Australia were antigenically analysed: 402 were A(H3N2), 24 were A(H1N1) and 231 were influenza B viruses. (health.gov.au)
In sentinel sources, both influenza A subtypes, A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, are co-circulating and of the influenza B viruses, the vast majority (97%) are B/Victoria lineage. (flutrackers.com)
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 continues to be the most common influenza virus circulating in Canada. (canada.ca)
Among the 10,014 influenza A viruses subtyped, 92% have been A(H1N1)pdm09. (canada.ca)
86% of all influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 detections have been reported in individuals younger than 65 years of age. (canada.ca)
The National Pandemic Flu Service (NPFS) has issued antiviral drugs to patients with an influenza-like illness who call or log onto the internet site without direct clinical assessment or virological evidence of infection with novel H1N1 (1). (bmj.com)
Among influenza positive specimens tested at the lab, the predominantly circulating strain is influenza type A H1N1. (fraserhealth.ca)
In keeping with this, to date, approximately 75% of all influenza H1N1 detections across the province were among patients under the age of 65. (fraserhealth.ca)
Continue to promote influenza vaccination: Children and non-elderly adults are often less likely to get vaccinated than seniors, but should consider immunization given circulating H1N1. (fraserhealth.ca)
Vaccine effectiveness is typically higher for H1N1 and given that we are in the midst of peak influenza activity with circulating influenza levels expected to be high for the next several weeks, the vaccine can continue to provide protection against H1N1 and influenza B, which is typically seen during the later stages of the season. (fraserhealth.ca)
In a commentary in the same issue, Dr. Patrick W. Kelley, MD, DrPH, of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies, notes that, 'The somewhat unexpected emergence of novel H1N1 in Mexico, rather than in the anticipated Asian setting, highlights a lesson learned about the need for comprehensive global influenza surveillance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Based on the results of outpatient and hospital surveillance, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses continued to co-circulate in the Region, with very few influenza B detections having been reported during this season. (flutrackers.com)
Of the 1342 influenza A viruses that were subtyped during week 12/2014, 594 (44%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 748 (56%) A(H3N2) (Fig. 2a). (flutrackers.com)
Of the 25 143 influenza A viruses that have been subtyped, 14 835 (59%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 10 308 (41%) were A(H3N2). (flutrackers.com)
In 1976, while Peter Hoogewerf was a family physician practising in Abbotsford, news arose that the same H1N1 serotype of influenza that had caused the devastating pandemic of 1918 had re-emerged, after a complete absence of nearly 20 years. (bcmj.org)
4 estimate that 44% of the adult population of Scotland were sero-positive for A/H1N1 influenza by 1 March 2010 with the majority of these being a result of natural infections as opposed to vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

Mission members during a field visit to the National Influenza Centre The mission team plans to organize training on EMFLU in the coming weeks as timely data capturing, analysis and reporting of multi-pathogen data, facilitated by WHO's platform, allow countries to rapidly identify and monitor changes in current circulating respiratory viruses and other respiratory viruses with epidemic and pandemic potential. (who.int)
Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
However, vaccination should continue after October and throughout the season as long as influenza viruses are circulating and unexpired vaccine is available. (cdc.gov)
During May 21--September 9, 2006, influenza A(H3), influenza A(H1), and influenza B viruses cocirculated worldwide and were identified sporadically in North America. (cdc.gov)
Of the positive results, 208 (65%) were influenza B viruses, 58 (18%) were influenza A (H1) viruses, five (2%) were influenza A (H3) viruses, and 47 (15%) were influenza A viruses that were not subtyped. (cdc.gov)
however, in early summer, influenza B viruses predominated in Japan. (cdc.gov)
In Europe and North America, small numbers of influenza A and influenza B viruses were reported. (cdc.gov)
influenza B viruses circulated at lower levels. (cdc.gov)
In South America, influenza A (H1) viruses were most commonly reported, but influenza A (H3) and influenza B viruses also were identified. (cdc.gov)
Six (26%) of the influenza A (H1) viruses had reduced titers to antisera produced against A/New Caledonia. (cdc.gov)
Of the 19 influenza A (H3) viruses (one from Europe, 12 from Latin America, three from Asia, two from Oceania, and one from the United States) that were characterized, 18 (95%) were antigenically similar to A/Wisconsin/67/2005, the H3N2 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas one (5%) had reduced titers to A/Wisconsin/67/2005. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B viruses currently circulating worldwide can be divided into two antigenically distinct lineages represented by B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87. (cdc.gov)
Ten (43%) of the B/Victoria-lineage viruses were similar to B/Ohio/01/2005, the B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine, whereas 13 (57%) had reduced titers to B/Ohio. (cdc.gov)
Almost all (99%) of the circulating influenza B viruses that were analysed were from the B/Victoria lineage. (health.gov.au)
Biosurveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIV) among wild and domestic bird populations helps to identify potential risks for transmission and epizootic disease. (usgs.gov)
Avian influenza viruses are known to persist outside the host in the aquatic environment, both in water and sediment, with longevity depending upon various environmental condition factors. (usgs.gov)
2016) Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild migratory waterfowl in a region of high poultry production, Delmarva, Maryland. (usgs.gov)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent small changes (mutations) in their segmented RNA genome over time. (health.govt.nz)
The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
Influenza surveillance in Australia is based on laboratory isolation of influenza viruses, sentinel general practitioner reports of influenza-like illness, and absenteeism data from a major national employer. (health.gov.au)
The ancestral hosts for influenza A viruses are aquatic birds, however, it has also been established in some mammals, such as humans and pigs. (health.gov.au)
The majority of reported influenza virus detections across the Region were type A, although 5 countries reported type B virus dominance and 2 reported co-dominance of type A and B viruses. (flutrackers.com)
Type A viruses have dominated across the European Region, although a number of countries reported influenza type B virus dominance or co-dominance of types A and B viruses. (flutrackers.com)
Although colds and other viruses may cause similar symptoms, those due to the influenza virus tend to be worse. (bccdc.ca)
Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract. (in.gov)
ECDC's influenza virus characterisation reports are published periodically and give an overview of circulating influenza viruses. (europa.eu)
They provide details on the current vaccine strains, summarise the development of the viruses since the last report, and closely follow the main developments for the ongoing influenza season. (europa.eu)
surveillance focused on the subset of avian influenza viruses that pose significant risk of infecting humans, including certain viruses of low pathogenicity in poultry. (nationalacademies.org)
The generated data and information supported timely, informed decision making in response to threats, expanded the data set used to select the components for seasonal influenza vaccines, and provided candidate seed viruses for possible use in influenza vaccines used worldwide. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 Member States in the WHO European Region to provide information to public health specialists, clinicians and the public on the timing of the influenza season, the spread of influenza, the prevalence and characteristics of circulating viruses (type, subtype and lineage) and severity. (flutrackers.com)
Since week 40/2013, sentinel and non-sentinel sources have yielded 37 583 influenza detections: 35 897 (95%) were influenza A and 1686 (5%) influenza B viruses (Fig. 2b). (flutrackers.com)
In addition, the lineage of 169 influenza B viruses has been determined: 155 (92%) belonged to the B/Yamagata lineage (the lineage of the B virus recommended by WHO for inclusion in trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines) and 14 (8%) to the B/Victoria lineage. (flutrackers.com)
The incidence of all respiratory viruses decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with no hospitalizations due to influenza and only one with respiratory syncytial virus. (ima.org.il)
Influenza (flu) viruses can cause mild to severe illness, and severe illnesses may result in hospitalization or death. (cdc.gov)
Animal influenza viruses are distinct from human seasonal influenza viruses and do not easily transmit between humans. (niangzao.biz)
However, zoonotic influenza viruses - animal influenza viruses that may occasionally infect humans through direct or indirect contact - can cause disease in humans ranging from a mild illness to death. (niangzao.biz)
Birds are the natural hosts for avian influenza viruses . (niangzao.biz)
After an outbreak of A(H5N1) virus in 1997 in poultry in Hong Kong SAR, China, since 2003, this avian and other influenza viruses have spread from Asia to Europe and Africa. (niangzao.biz)
Most swine influenza viruses do not cause disease in humans, but some countries have reported cases of human infection from certain swine influenza viruses. (niangzao.biz)
Just like birds and pigs, other animals such as horses and dogs, can be infected with their own influenza viruses (canine influenza viruses, equine influenza viruses, etc. (niangzao.biz)
CDC's influenza work at its Influenza Regional Hub in Thailand is focused on enhanced surveillance and laboratory capacity for the timely detection and characterization of viruses with pandemic potential, as well as efficient detection of seasonal influenza viruses, respiratory viruses, and novel emerging variants. (stbh.org)
ABSTRACT Influenza surveillance is needed to monitor potential public health threats from the emergence of novel influenza viruses. (who.int)
median 2078 [IQR 1087-3008] per country-year) were positive for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
The incorporation of COVID-19 surveillance into existing influenza sentinel surveillance systems can support continued global surveillance for respiratory viruses with pandemic potential. (cdc.gov)

Influenza vaccines are not recommended in those who have had a severe allergy to previous versions of the vaccine itself. (wikipedia.org)
The intradermal vaccine was not available during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons. (wikipedia.org)
Hens' eggs continued to be used to produce virus used in influenza vaccines, but manufacturers made improvements in the purity of the virus by developing improved processes to remove egg proteins and to reduce systemic reactivity of the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
The egg-based technology for producing influenza vaccine was created in the 1950s. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory-supported influenza surveillance is important as part of pandemic preparedness, for identifying and isolating candidate vaccine strains, for supporting trials of anti-influenza drugs and for refining the influenza surveillance case definition in practice. (health.gov.au)
Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4s), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) are expected to be available. (cdc.gov)
For most persons who need only 1 dose of influenza vaccine for the season, vaccination should ideally be offered during September or October. (cdc.gov)
ACIP recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications receive a licensed and age-appropriate seasonal influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
ACIP recommends that adults aged ≥65 years preferentially receive any one of the following higher dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccines: quadrivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV4), quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), or quadrivalent adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV4). (cdc.gov)
If none of these three vaccines is available at an opportunity for vaccine administration, then any other age-appropriate influenza vaccine should be used. (cdc.gov)
Second, ACIP recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months with egg allergy should receive influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Any influenza vaccine (egg based or nonegg based) that is otherwise appropriate for the recipient's age and health status can be used. (cdc.gov)
The B component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine belongs to the B/Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)
Expanding global influenza vaccine production capacity. (who.int)
There may be a small increased risk of fever and febrile convulsions with concomitant delivery of PCV13 and influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to under 5 years. (health.govt.nz)
Children aged under 5 years are more likely than older children or adults to have a febrile reaction to influenza vaccine. (health.govt.nz)
Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
The effectiveness of the influenza vaccine for the 2018-19 season is estimated to be 72% against the predominant circulating strain this season, with significant protection observed in all age groups. (canada.ca)
Influenza A/H3 was dominant in July and August, and most tested isolates were antigenically similar to the A/Perth/16/2009 virus used in the vaccine. (who.int)
Sweden is part of the European ECDC network Vaccination Effectivity, Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) of influenza and covid-19 that estimates vaccine efficacy yearly. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
The fortnightly Australian Influenza Surveillance Report (AISR) includes information about influenza activity, severity, impact, at-risk populations, virology, and vaccine match and effectiveness. (health.gov.au)
In Thailand, the CDC influenza team supports multiple projects, including: a network of sentinel influenza surveillance sites, laboratory testing and sequencing capacities, clinical trials of locally-produced vaccine, updating clinical guidelines for influenza treatment, research to quantify protective effects of influenza vaccination in vulnerable populations, and pandemic preparedness and rapid response trainings. (stbh.org)
During the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, the influenza team leveraged surveillance platforms and cohort studies for influenza to monitor transmission of SARS CoV-2 and vaccine effectiveness. (stbh.org)
INTERPRETATION: Most countries had identifiable influenza epidemic periods that could be used to inform authorities of non-seasonal and seasonal influenza activity, guide vaccine timing, and promote timely interventions. (cdc.gov)

During the mission, field visits were conducted with Ministry of Health and WHO country office teams to an influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance site and the National Influenza Centre, during which the importance of timely data and specimen sharing was highlighted. (who.int)
This study published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Volume 24, No 12, December 2000 contains describes the implementation of laboratory-supported influenza surveillance in Victorian sentinel general practices and provides an estimate of the proportion of patients with an influenza-like illness proven to have influenza. (health.gov.au)
This study describes the implementation of laboratory-supported influenza surveillance in Victorian sentinel general practices and provides an estimate of the proportion of patients with an influenza-like illness proven to have influenza. (health.gov.au)
3 However, not all influenza-like illness (ILI) seen in general practice will be confirmed as influenza. (health.gov.au)
That said, self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) was equal to or lower than 2008 and earlier years. (health.gov.au)
However, peak workplace absenteeism was correlated with the highest occurrence of both influenza-like illness and influenza-positive laboratory tests. (cdc.gov)
Reports of influenza-like illness from sentinel general practitioners showed a slow but steady increase throughout the first half of the year to peak in late August. (health.gov.au)
These sites include physician offices, emergency departments, and other clinics that report acute illness with influenza-like illness, and institutional settings such as nursing homes and prisons that report outbreaks. (illinois.gov)
Data are obtained from providers and health care facilities who voluntarily report influenza-like illness visit data from their facilities and submit clinical specimens for testing at IDPH laboratories. (illinois.gov)
Outpatient influenza-like-illness (ILI) Sentinel Surveillance Network (ILINet) is a surveillance program with participating healthcare providers from outpatient healthcare settings. (in.gov)
We have been seeing typical levels of influenza activity in terms of influenza-like illness presentations to GP clinics based on MSP and sentinel surveillance data. (fraserhealth.ca)
Keep influenza on the differential and consider influenza antiviral treatment for patients presenting with influenza-like illness, particularly children and non-elderly adults. (fraserhealth.ca)
Clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) returned to pre-season or below baseline levels in most of the countries in the WHO European Region. (flutrackers.com)
Influenza and influenza-like illness activity was moderate compared to previous years, although a considerable increase in notified laboratory-confirmed influenza was observed. (who.int)
Influenza vaccination coverage among influenza-like illness patients was 24% in sentinel general practices and 50% in hospitals. (who.int)
The Victorian influenza surveillance system consists of several surveillance data sources used to monitor seasonal influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) activity in Victoria: notified laboratory-confirmed influenza, sentinel general practices and hospitals, a sentinel metropolitan locum service and reference laboratory typing. (who.int)
Calling his clinical colleagues to aid, Peter established a circuit of sentinel physicians across BC to act as watchtowers-reporting weekly the proportion of medical visits due to influenza-like illness and contributing a steady supply of respiratory specimens to identify the virus and to study its evolution. (bcmj.org)
Seasonal influenza surveillance is usually carried out by sentinel general practitioners (GPs) who compile weekly reports based on the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) clinical cases observed among visited patients. (uib-csic.es)
The aim of this study is to show that participatory web-based surveillance systems are capable of detecting the temporal trends of influenza-like illness even without relying on a specific case definition. (uib-csic.es)
Following historically low activity levels observed from April 2020 onwards, community influenza-like-illness (ILI) activity in the year to date in 2021 remains at low levels. (health.gov.au)
Countries used existing surveillance systems for severe acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness, respiratory virus laboratory resources, pandemic influenza preparedness plans, and ongoing population-based influenza studies to track, study, and respond to SARS-CoV-2 infections. (cdc.gov)

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that vaccination against influenza reduces sickness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccination against influenza began in the 1930s, with large-scale availability in the United States beginning in 1945. (wikipedia.org)
Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. (cdc.gov)
Influenza vaccines might be available as early as July or August, but for most adults (particularly adults aged ≥65 years) and for pregnant persons in the first or second trimester, vaccination during July and August should be avoided unless there is concern that vaccination later in the season might not be possible. (cdc.gov)
Primary updates to this report include the following two topics: 1) the composition of 2023-24 U.S. seasonal influenza vaccines and 2) updated recommendations regarding influenza vaccination of persons with egg allergy. (cdc.gov)
Consolidates and updates the Department's guidance regarding vaccination verification, vaccination status, COVID-19 testing, surveillance and screening testing, personnel protection on-site mask requirements, (e.g. (health.mil)
The current UK policy for the distribution of scarce vaccination in an influenza pandemic is ethically dubious. (bmj.com)
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for people who are at increased risk of complications from the disease, such as those aged 65 years or older, and people with conditions such as cardiovascular disease and lung conditions which predispose them to severe influenza, and others with impaired immunity. (health.gov.au)
Vaccination is the best way to protect against influenza infection. (illinois.gov)
Higher proportions of type A/H3, hospitalized cases and those with a comorbid condition indicated for influenza vaccination were aged 65 years or older. (who.int)
In the late 1990s, in the context of renewed concerns of an influenza pandemic, countries such as Ghana and Malawi established plans for the deployment of vaccines and vaccination strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of vaccination to interrupt the pandemic influenza was affected by delays in the procurement, delivery and administration of vaccines, suboptimal vaccination coverage, refusals to be vaccinated, and the politics behind vaccination strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
More generally, rolling-out of vaccination after the transmission of the influenza virus had abated was influenced by policymakers' own financial incentives, and government and foreign policy conditionality on vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
For most policymakers, vaccination coverage was perceived as successful, despite that vaccination delays and coverage would not have prevented infection when influenza was at its peak. (biomedcentral.com)
While the vaccination strategy was problematic and implemented too late to reduce the effects of the 2009 epidemic, policy makers supported the overall goal of pandemic influenza vaccination to interrupt infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The influenza virus constantly mutates, limiting the impact of protection by vaccination, and immunity conferred in one pandemic influenza period will not reliably prevent new infections by an antigenically drifted strain [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
95% for each IIS Sentinel Site ( 9 ), which reduces potential underestimations for flu vaccination rates. (cdc.gov)
During this COCA Call, clinicians learned about 2016-2017 influenza activity to date, and heard an overview of CDC's recommendations for healthcare providers including influenza vaccination and the use of antiviral medications for the treatment of influenza. (cdc.gov)
BACKGROUND: Using country-specific surveillance data to describe influenza epidemic activity could inform decisions on the timing of influenza vaccination. (cdc.gov)
We analysed surveillance data from African countries to characterise the timing of seasonal influenza epidemics to inform national vaccination strategies. (cdc.gov)

62% of all influenza A(H3N2) detections have been reported in adults 65 years of age and older. (canada.ca)
The approach was used to support CDC in characterising an emerging swine-origin A/H3N2 influenza variant. (imperial.ac.uk)
To date, 73.1% of notifications of laboratory-confirmed influenza to the NNDSS were influenza A, of which 95.8% were influenza A(unsubtyped) and 4.2% were influenza A(H3N2). (health.gov.au)

New versions of the vaccines are developed twice a year, as the influenza virus rapidly changes. (wikipedia.org)
The work was extended to growth of influenza virus by several workers, including Thomas Francis, Jonas Salk, Wilson Smith, and Macfarlane Burnet, leading to the first experimental influenza vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
In the 1940s, the US military developed the first approved inactivated vaccines for influenza, which were used during World War II. (wikipedia.org)
In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved influenza vaccines made by growing virus in cell cultures and influenza vaccines made from recombinant proteins have been approved, with plant-based influenza vaccines being tested[when? (wikipedia.org)
On July 21, 2014, the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at Brookings hosted a webinar, "Findings from a Mini-Sentinel Medical Product Assessment: Influenza Vaccines and Risk of Febrile Seizures. (brookings.edu)
This webinar provided an overview of a recent assessment that examined a possible association between use of certain trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines and febrile seizures in children. (brookings.edu)
This is the main reason why seasonal influenza epidemics occur and vaccines need to be regularly updated. (health.gov.au)
the partners plan to exchange scientific information on avian influenza, share viral isolates, and may eventually manufacture human vaccines against avian viral strains. (nationalacademies.org)
The Public Health Agency of Sweden is also able to monitor which strains of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 variants that are circulatining in the population and whether vaccines and antivirals are effective or resistance has developed, respectively. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
New vaccines take at least 6 months to develop [ 10 ], during which time WHO recommends the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions including increased surveillance and the implementation of such policies as quarantine, border control and hygiene practices [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. (cdc.gov)

The WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Control of Influenza located at CDC analyzes influenza virus isolates received from laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Data used to describe the 2010 influenza season were classified under the areas of epidemiology, morbidity, mortality and virology. (health.gov.au)
These strategies are presented, along with background information on the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of avian influenza, by David Swayne and David Suarez of the USDA. (nationalacademies.org)
c Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, Victorian Government Department of Health, Melbourne, Australia. (who.int)

318 (2%) were positive for influenza ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
The majority (92%) of these isolates were tested from mid-May through late June, when 3.6% of specimens tested were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
Since July 1, of specimens tested, 0.6% were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
This is consistent with the decline in the percentage of ILI and ARI sentinel specimens testing positive for influenza. (flutrackers.com)
We calculated a 3-week moving proportion of samples positive for influenza virus and assessed epidemic timing using an aggregate average method. (cdc.gov)

During the mission, activities in the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework's work plan were reviewed by the WHO country office and the Communicable Disease Control and National Influenza Centre teams and amended to address the country's needs and address gaps. (who.int)
In 2020, Iraq joined the group of priority countries in the Region that benefit from PIP Partnership Contribution funds to improve influenza surveillance and pandemic preparedness and response systems and WHO continues to work closely with the Ministry of Health to implement and sustain a sentinel influenza surveillance system in Iraq. (who.int)
It is fitting that a eulogy to mark the passing of Peter Hoogewerf should appear in this theme issue of the BC Medical Journal dedicated to influenza and pandemic preparedness. (bcmj.org)
Pandemic influenza preparedness framework: partnership contribution high-level implementation plan III. (niangzao.biz)
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework's Partnership Contribution (PC) High-Level Implementation Plan III (HLIP III) outlines the. (niangzao.biz)
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is a World Health Assembly resolution adopted unanimously by all Member States in 2011. (niangzao.biz)
This data collection and sharing tool has been developed in line with activities of Partnership Contribution Plan 2013-2016 under the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework. (who.int)

1 In late 1997, during the planning of this initiative, the significance of a small number of human cases of influenza virus type A (H5N1) in Hong Kong was unclear and the possibility of the emergence of a new pandemic strain remained very real. (health.gov.au)
This week, there were sporadic laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A and B. Overall, influenza activity this season had an early start and also decreased earlier than would be expected. (gov.mb.ca)
Medical practitioners and laboratory personnel are required by state law to notify the Department of Health of all laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza within five days of diagnosis. (who.int)

Its occurrence is unpredictable, the virus spreads rapidly in urban areas and through travel, and populations' lack of immunity to novel influenza strains can result in a rapid spread [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patient samples were already being tested for influenza strains. (wvxu.org)
Every flu season, the cities that have such programs test hundreds of samples from patients showing mild respiratory symptoms for various strains of influenza. (wvxu.org)

More recently, with Ilaria Dorigatti and Neil Ferguson, we analysed syndromic, virological and serological data collected in England in 2009-2011 to understand why an unexpectedly large third wave of pandemic influenza occurred in the UK (Dorigatti et al, PNAS, 2013). (imperial.ac.uk)
Virus active weeks were defined from clinical and virological surveillance data. (bmj.com)
Problem:Evaluation of influenza surveillance systems is poor, especially in Africa.ApproachIn 2007, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar and the Malagasy Ministry of Public Health implemented a countrywide system for the prospective syndromic and virological surveillance of influenza-like illnesses. (bvsalud.org)
FluNet is a global tool for influenza virological surveillance. (who.int)

Medical officers of health in local government authorities and general practitioners who had participated in influenza surveillance in previous years, or those known to have an interest in immunisation, were invited to become part of the sentinel surveillance network. (health.gov.au)
Type A influenza comprised between 83% and 87% of cases from the general practitioners, hospitals and notifiable surveillance data. (who.int)
The Victorian General Practice Sentinel Surveillance (GPSS) programme provides reports on ILI by sentinel general practitioners (GPs) from May to October each year. (who.int)

4 Influenza C is more like the common cold in its effect, being less severe than influenza A or B. 5 Influenza types A and B are responsible for major outbreaks. (health.gov.au)
Similarly, only five influenza outbreaks have occurred in long term care settings this season which is much lower than last year. (fraserhealth.ca)
The weekly surveillance of seasonal influenza is complemented by epidemic intelligence activities at ECDC, which encompass monitoring of official and unofficial sources on outbreaks and other influenza-related developments. (europa.eu)

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on global influenza surveillance: insights from 18 National Influenza Centers based on a survey conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. (nivel.nl)
He continues, 'The success of the U.S. DoD system, and the particular epidemiologic characteristics of military populations and military health systems, suggest that global influenza surveillance and response could be more comprehensive and informative if other military organizations around the world took advantage of their comparative organizational advantages to emulate, extend, and institutionalize the U.S. DoD approach. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
METHODS: We used publicly available sentinel data from African countries reporting to the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response FluNet platform that had 3-10 years of data collected during 2010-19. (cdc.gov)

1 ] Influenza C is associated with mild cases of upper respiratory infection. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza, often called the 'flu', is an infection of the upper airway (the nose and throat), caused by an influenza virus. (bccdc.ca)
A person with influenza is at risk of other infections, including viral or bacterial pneumonia which is an infection of the lungs. (bccdc.ca)
Who is at risk for influenza infection? (in.gov)
To quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children. (bmj.com)
The sentinel surveillance for influenza started the 2006-07 season and involves sentinel sampling in primary care, infection and children clinics. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
From 5 to 11 February 2016, 28 new cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus from the Western Pacific Region were reported. (flu.org.cn)
Interpretation of 2020 influenza activity data should take into account, but are not limited to, the impact of social distancing measures, likely changes in health seeking behaviour of the community including access to alternative streams of acute respiratory infection specific health services, and focussed testing for COVID-19 response activities. (health.gov.au)
Influenza B accounted for 24.1% of notifications, 1.0% were influenza A and B co-infection, 0.3% were influenza C, and 1.4% were untyped. (health.gov.au)
Avian, swine and other zoonotic influenza infections in humans may cause disease ranging from mild upper respiratory infection (fever and cough) to rapid progression to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and even death. (niangzao.biz)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Division of Global Health Protection has been collaborating with the Ministry of Public Health and provincial offices in Thailand to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting surveillance to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection among febrile patients aged 2 years presenting to six hospitals along the Thai-Myanmar and Thai-Laos borders. (stbh.org)

Published estimates of the proportion of patients with ILI confirmed as having influenza by laboratory testing vary from as low as 6 to14 per cent at the introduction of surveillance networks 4 up to 70 per cent as part of a trial of influenza antiviral medication. (health.gov.au)
Influenza-positive samples submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza for strain characterization and antiviral drug sensitivity testing comprise the fifth surveillance data source. (who.int)

Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of influenza in sentinel general practices was introduced into Victoria in 1998 as a joint initiative of the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL)* and the Department of Human Services (DHS). (health.gov.au)
At the end of the recruitment process, in an attempt to include sentinel practices throughout Victoria, practices in regions that were not represented in the network were contacted. (health.gov.au)
Of the 26 influenza B isolates collected during May 21--September 9 and characterized at CDC, 23 belonged to the B/Victoria lineage (one from Europe, five from Latin America, six from Asia, and 11 from the United States). (cdc.gov)
To assess the magnitude and severity of the 2012 influenza season in Victoria, Australia using surveillance data from five sources. (who.int)
The 2012 influenza season in Victoria was average compared to previous years, with an increased dominance of A/H3 accompanied by increases in older and hospitalized cases. (who.int)

Influenza infections are seasonal in temperate climates, more commonly occurring in the colder months (June to September in the Southern Hemisphere and December to April in the Northern Hemisphere) but may occur year-round in tropical regions. (health.gov.au)
A person with influenza is also at risk of other infections. (bccdc.ca)
Faced with this new reality, we are working on a transition from universal surveillance to sentinel surveillance for mild respiratory infections in primary centers and severe ones in hospitals. (pjmedia.com)
The chapter concludes with an example of a low-pathogen avian influenza outbreak in a group of commercial poultry farms and the steps the industry took to contain further spread of the virus, minimize the risk of exposure, and monitor and prevent further infections. (nationalacademies.org)
National concerns about emerging infectious diseases led to the creation of the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) in 1997. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
According to the Institute of Medicine, 'The DoD-Global Emerging Infections System, through its avian influenza/pandemic influenza activities at the [DoD] overseas laboratories and headquarters, has contributed greatly to the development of laboratory and communications infrastructures within partner countries. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Current COVID-19 related public health measures and the community's adherence to public health messages are also likely having an effect on transmission of acute respiratory infections, including influenza. (health.gov.au)
In 2013, human infections with the influenza A(H7N9) virus were reported in China. (niangzao.biz)
Sentinel surveillance for influenza and COVID-19 is a resource-effective approach to gathering critical information about both viral infections in patients. (niangzao.biz)
5 report that during this same period, 52% of 5 - 14 year olds in England had confirmed infections, which was up to 40 times higher than estimated from clinical surveillance. (bvsalud.org)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked closely with ministries of health in partner countries and the World Health Organization to leverage influenza surveillance systems and programs to respond to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. (cdc.gov)

Influenza is an acute self-limiting viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. (health.gov.au)
2 The Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) is a real-time sentinel hospital surveillance system for acute respiratory disease and collects surveillance data on hospitalised adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza. (who.int)

1 The health and economic impact of influenza largely arise from related complications. (health.gov.au)
Such was his conviction about the annual impact of influenza, the likelihood that another pandemic would occur, and the critical role of the front-line physician in responding to emerging disease threats, that Peter Hoogewerf continued to guide and recruit physicians each year to the sentinel program, as did Mike Tarrant in his province, for another 30 years . (bcmj.org)
The platform provides quantitative and qualitative data on trend, spread, intensity and impact of influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)

Notifications of laboratory-confirmed influenza have also remained low since April 2020. (health.gov.au)
In the year to date, of the 294 notifications of laboratory-confirmed influenza, no influenza-associated deaths have been notified to the NNDSS. (health.gov.au)

The percentage of deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza as reported by the 122 Cities Mortality Reporting System remained below the epidemic threshold. (cdc.gov)
It is important to note that due to the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia, data reported from the various influenza surveillance systems may not represent an accurate reflection of influenza activity. (health.gov.au)

In temperate zones of Australia, the annual influenza season runs from May to October, with notifications generally peaking in mid-August. (health.gov.au)

Influenza activity in the European Region, based on sentinel sampling, first exceeded a positivity rate of 10% in week 47/2019. (flutrackers.com)
The shaded area indicates weeks where the positivity rate was at least 5% and a minimum of 15 positive tests were observed, signalling the period of seasonal influenza activity . (canada.ca)
During week 12/2014, both the total number of specimens tested for influenza and the influenza positivity rate decreased from those in previous weeks: 13 193 specimens from sentinel and non-sentinel sources were tested for influenza, 2398 (18%) of which were positive: 2212 (92%) influenza A and 186 (8%) influenza B (Fig. 1 and 2). (flutrackers.com)

In the year to date in 2021, there have been 294 notifications to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) in Australia, of which 43 notifications had a diagnosis date this fortnight. (health.gov.au)
There have been no hospital admissions due to influenza reported across sentinel hospitals sites since commencement of surveillance in April 2021. (health.gov.au)
Given the low number of laboratory-confirmed influenza notifications, low community ILI activity, and no hospitalisations due to influenza at sentinel hospital sites, it is likely there is minimal impact on society due to influenza in 2021 to date. (health.gov.au)
In 2021 to date, children under 5 years of age, and adults aged 60-64 and 65-69, have the highest influenza notification rates. (health.gov.au)
Méthodologie: Entre septembre 2021 et février 2022, des écouvillonnages oropharyngés et/ou nasopharyngés de travailleurs symptomatiques COVID-19 et apparemment en bonne santé sélectionnés consécutivement du site minier de Wahgnion dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso qui ont consenti à l'étude ont été prélevés selon les deux programme de quart de semaines et testé pour le SRAS-CoV-2 à l'aide d'un test RT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)

We applied time-series methods to multivariate sentinel aberration (M1), 2 simultaneous aberrations (M2), the fi rst surveillance data recorded in Hong Kong during 1998-2007. (cdc.gov)
The Table shows the highest AU- the ability to more quickly detect peak periods of infl uenza WROC, for each method, from a predefi ned selection of activity in Hong Kong through simultaneous monitoring of parameter combinations and the sensitivity and timeliness multiple streams of sentinel surveillance data. (cdc.gov)
Mortality associated with the Asian and Hong Kong influenza pandemics was less severe, with the highest mortality rates being in the elderly and people with chronic diseases. (health.gov.au)

Influenza epidemics usually occur during the winter months in temperate climates, causing an increase in hospitalisations for pneumonia, an exacerbation of chronic diseases and also contributing to increased mortality. (health.gov.au)
Influenza can lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure, and more complications in persons with chronic diseases. (bccdc.ca)

Furthermore, to broaden the scope of our approach, we applied it both in a forecasting fashion to predict the ILI trend of the 2016-2017 influenza season (Pearson correlations ranging from 0.60 for Ireland and UK, and 0.85 for the Netherlands) and also to detect gastrointestinal syndrome in France (Pearson correlation of 0.66). (uib-csic.es)

Influenza activity in Canada is declining but influenza continues to circulate with eastern regions continuing to report higher levels of influenza activity compared to western regions. (canada.ca)

A total 2,002 laboratory detections of influenza were reported, of which 98% were influenza A. (canada.ca)
Fewer influenza B detections have been reported this season compared to recent seasons at this time of year. (canada.ca)
For more detailed weekly and cumulative influenza data, see the text descriptions for Figures 2 and 3 or the Respiratory Virus Detections in Canada Report . (canada.ca)
Influenza B accounted for a small proportion of influenza detections, which remained steady over the past weeks. (flutrackers.com)

Methods: Population-based and sentinel worksite approaches were used. (cdc.gov)
Many minor illnesses go unreported, and traditional surveillance and sentinel methods underestimate the incidence and prevalence of such illnesses. (bvsalud.org)

Conversely, for GOPC data, the perfor- eral practitioners (GP) and 62 public-sector sentinel gen- mance of aggregate data was superior to that of any single eral outpatient clinics (GOPC) on the proportion of patients data stream. (cdc.gov)
3 The present study describes the implementation of laboratory supported influenza surveillance in Victorian sentinel practice sites in 1998-9 and provides an estimate of the proportion of patients with an ILI proven to have influenza. (health.gov.au)
Influenza A was the predominant type notified (71%), however influenza B activity continued to increase as a proportion of reported cases. (health.gov.au)
The estimate obtained was allotted to influenza and RSV in the proportion derived from independent separate calculations for each virus. (bmj.com)

During 1998 and 1999, 25 sentinel general practices contributed clinical surveillance data and 16 metropolitan practices participated in laboratory surveillance. (health.gov.au)
The clinical suspicion of influenza was confirmed in 49 to 54 per cent of cases seen in general practice. (health.gov.au)
This complemented the clinical influenza surveillance that had been coordinated by DHS through a sentinel general practitioner (GP) network in previous years. (health.gov.au)
The programme builds on cooperation between clinical microbiological laboratories and the Public Health Agency of Sweden, and complements the epidemiological surveillance conducted through SmiNet and other non-microbial surveillance systems. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Participants discussions at the Iraqi Ministry of Health Iraq, 3 November 2022 - The Infectious Hazard Prevention (IHP) programme at the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean recently conducted a mission to Iraq to review the different processes of the influenza sentinel surveillance system, including looking at the effectiveness of its integrated surveillance and ensuring optimal use of resources. (who.int)
Wastewater surveillance data up to June 6 indicated decreased activity of COVID-19 in Winnipeg and Brandon at lower levels compared to the fall of 2022. (gov.mb.ca)

Two laboratories at major teaching hospitals in Melbourne provided additional data on influenza virus identification. (health.gov.au)

Moreover, in recent years, laboratory surveillance has also been critical in supporting general practice trials of anti-influenza drugs, specifically neuraminidase inhibitors, used in the treatment and prevention of influenza. (health.gov.au)
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. (cdc.gov)
Editorial: Insights in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - surveillance, prevention and treatment. (who.int)
The tool is intended to provide useful information for informed decision making regarding influenza prevention and control strategies. (who.int)

Making preparation count : lessons from the avian influenza outbreak in Turkey. (who.int)

Mission members identified best practices and challenges and provided recommendations to enhance the system following consultative meetings with national teams at the Department of Communicable Disease Control and the National Influenza Centre . (who.int)

Serological, virus-antigen detection, virus culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction procedures were used to establish the diagnosis of influenza. (health.gov.au)
and 4) an influenza B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage)-like virus. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza virus in the aquatic environment: Surveillance in waterfowl habitat on the Delmarva Peninsula. (usgs.gov)
Genetic material, specifically DNA from the Type A influenza virus matrix gene, has been detected in sediment samples from waterfowl habitat. (usgs.gov)
Mallard ducks are potential carriers of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in Delmarva waterfowl habitat. (usgs.gov)
Sentinel oysters deployed in cages to test for presence of the avian influenza virus matrix gene. (usgs.gov)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
The influenza virus is a highly changeable virus. (bccdc.ca)
Symptoms can begin about one to four days (on average two days) after a person is first exposed to the influenza virus. (bccdc.ca)
Sometimes your nose will be swabbed and tested for the influenza virus. (in.gov)
Excess deaths associated with weeks of either influenza or RSV activity over virus non-active weeks were estimated in each winter for age groups 1-12 months, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years. (bmj.com)
Influenza A has remained the dominant virus type in circulation across the Region since the start of weekly monitoring in week 40/2013. (flutrackers.com)
Sentinel sampling enables the Public Health Agency of Sweden to estimate the fraction of people with respiratory symptoms actually being infected by influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
RÉSUMÉ La surveillance de la grippe est nécessaire pour contrôler les menaces de santé publique potentielles au moment de l'émergence de nouveaux virus de la grippe. (who.int)
Surveillance teams check their blood every other week to track the virus. (medscape.com)

Writing in the article, Col. James Neville, MD, MPH, of the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, Texas, and colleagues state, 'During seven complete influenza seasons, the DoD Global Laboratory-Based Influenza Surveillance Program. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Differences in magnitude and the epidemiological profile of cases detected by the different data sources demonstrate the importance of using a range of surveillance data to assess the relative severity of influenza seasons. (who.int)
The methodology was applied to data collected by Influenzanet platforms over the course of six influenza seasons, from 2011-2012 to 2016-2017, with an average of 34,000 participants per season. (uib-csic.es)
2.8 million children from six IIS Sentinel Sites for the 2010-11 through 2015-16 flu seasons, which were approximately 10% of the U.S. pediatric population. (cdc.gov)
Results should be interpreted with caution, especially where comparisons are made to previous influenza seasons. (health.gov.au)

Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)

What are the signs and symptoms of influenza? (in.gov)
The final result is a near-real-time flexible surveillance framework not constrained by any specific case definition and capable of capturing the heterogeneity in symptoms circulation during influenza epidemics in the various European countries. (uib-csic.es)

ECDC and WHO Regional Office published a joint Regional Situation Assessment of the 2019-2020 influenza season up to week 49/2019, which focuses on disease severity and impact on healthcare systems to assist forward planning in Member States. (flutrackers.com)
Since March 2020 the surveillance also included analysis for SARS-CoV-2. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
The first WHO consultation from 6 - 8 October 2020 developed interim guidance of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. (niangzao.biz)

Laboratories and disease surveillance are two of the major focuses in the partnership. (cdc.gov)
With 130 research laboratories and units, 20 National Reference Centres (in charge of disease surveillance in France) and a unique international network of 32 Institutes that spread across the five continents, Institut Pasteur is a unique environment to develop inter-disciplinary and translational research. (imperial.ac.uk)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science2

Health Care9

Geographicals3

H1N123

Viruses46

Vaccine24

Illness21

Vaccination20

H3N23

Vaccines11

Epidemiology4

Positive for influenza5

Preparedness7

Cases of influenza3

Strains3

Virological4

General practitioners3

Outbreaks3

Global influenza surveillance3

Infection11

Antiviral2

Victoria5

Infections10

Centers for Diseas1

Acute2

Impact of influenza3

Notifications of laboratory-confirmed influenza2

Epidemic2

Annual influenza1

Positivity rate3

20215

Hong Kong3

Pneumonia2

2016-2017 influenza1

Levels of influenza activity1

Detections4

Methods2

Proportion4

Clinical4

20222

Teaching hospitals1

Prevention4

Avian influenza outbreak1

National Influenza Centre1

Virus15

Seasons5

Epidemics occur1

Symptoms2

20203

Laboratories2