Influenza particularly pandemic strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

The most striking pandemic occurred in 1918, when the Spanish influenza (H1N1) resulted in approximately 50 million deaths worldwide. (medscape.com)
The most recent pandemic was in 2009, caused by a swine-origin influenza of the H1N1 serotype. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] In early 2009, a recombinant H1N1 influenza consisting of a mix of swine, avian, and human gene segments spread rapidly around the world, but it was a low-pathogenicity strain. (medscape.com)
1. This 1918 influenza pandemic, caused by the Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, produced the greatest influenza (flu) death toll in recorded history. (thegospelcoalition.org)
While some countries have seen H1N1 virus decline or crowded out by other strains, this is not the case in New Zealand," the deputy director of public health, Darren Hunt, said. (medindia.net)
Background - On April 15 and April 17, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) was identified in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. (medindia.net)
In 2009, the big H1N1 flu pandemic started with the virus going from a pig to humans, which is why it's called swine flu. (cpr.org)
A few years after that, during the swine flu pandemic, cats also caught the H1N1 virus. (cpr.org)
To provide technical support to Member States in implementing the recommendations of the Review Committee on the Functioning of the International Health Regulations (2005) in relation to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. (who.int)
That far exceeds the 59,000 cases during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. (healthline.com)
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, many individuals adopted a "wait and see" approach to vaccinating until further information was available on the course of the pandemic and emerging vaccine risks. (uwaterloo.ca)
Pence said that if the 2009 H1N1 pandemic had been as lethal as the novel coronavirus, "we would have lost 2 million American lives. (factcheck.org)
Serological responses following influenza A H1N1 2009 infection in adults. (nih.gov)
Cross-reactive immunity against influenza viruses in children and adults following 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection. (nih.gov)
Known as the Spanish Flu, or the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, it was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. (hyperallergic.com)
Oseltamivir resistance in seasonal influenza A/H1N1 strains rose markedly during the 2007-2008 season. (eurekaselect.com)
Furthermore, oseltamivir resistant (OsR) strains of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) have been increasingly isolated, although the majority remain sensitive. (eurekaselect.com)
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain is a reassortant of avian, human, and swine influenza viruses. (virology.ws)
Our recent memory teems with more frequent and broader outbreaks: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2012, the H7N9 avian influenza outbreak in 2013, the Ebola outbreak in 2014, and the Zika outbreak in 2015. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The two influenza A virus subtypes have cocirculated in human populations since 1977: influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2). (cdc.gov)
Reassortment between influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) viruses resulted in the circulation of A (H1N2) virus during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
In April 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-which was different from currently circulating influenza A (H1N1) viruses-emerged and its subsequent spread resulted in the first pandemic of the 21st century. (cdc.gov)
Scientists have long studied the spread of the H1N1 influenza strain that caused the pandemic, but little research has focused on whether environmental conditions played a role. (enn.com)
The incessant rain and cold caused by this influx of ocean air hung over major battlefields on the Western Front but also affected the migratory patterns of mallard ducks, the main animal host for H1N1 flu virus strains. (enn.com)
We used high-throughput B cell receptor sequencing of plasma cells produced following AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. (nature.com)
The latest influenza pandemic arose in 2009, and was caused by a swine-origin H1N1 virus (pH1N1), and resulted in an estimated 300,000 deaths within the first 12 months 3 . (nature.com)
Specific to pandemic influenza threats, the Hemopurifier has been validated to capture the H5N1 avian flu virus, H1N1 swine flu virus, and the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus, which represents a model for the strain of influenza that killed an estimated 50 million victims. (prnewswire.com)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
So what, exactly, is Influenza virus A subtype H1N1, commonly known as swine flu? (carnegiecouncil.org)
Each year's flu shots contain the scientific community's best estimate of the H1N1, H3N2, and Influenza B strains that will predominate in the coming season. (carnegiecouncil.org)
The 1918 influenza pandemic which killed an estimated 50 million people was also an H1N1 virus, but in that situation the H1 originated from a bird. (carnegiecouncil.org)
For example, the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic disproportionately affected people ages 5 to 24, suggesting that older people had been exposed to a previous strain of flu that gave them lasting immunity, protecting them from the newer strain. (upmc.com)
In the ferret experiment, the scientists infected different groups of ferrets who had never had the flu with one of two different strains of influenza-seasonal H3N2 flu or the 2009 pandemic H1N1 flu-and waited three months to allow the immune system to calm down and develop a more mature immunity to whichever strain they were exposed to. (upmc.com)
Two of the drugs, dextromethorphan and ketotifen, displayed a 50% effective dose between 5 and 50 μM, not only for the classic H1N1 PR8 strain, but also for a pandemic H1N1 and a seasonal H3N2 strain. (frontiersin.org)
Dextromethorphan treatment of ferrets infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain led to a reduction in clinical disease severity, but no effect on viral titer was observed. (frontiersin.org)
To create the vaccine candidate, researchers used the stem of an H1N1 influenza virus. (medscape.com)
The fact that the H1N1 candidate vaccine was effective against H5N1 infection - a different influenza subtype - suggests the antibodies the vaccine induces can be protective against other "group 1" influenza subtypes, including H1 and H5. (medscape.com)
The 2010 Victorian influenza season was characterized by normal seasonal influenza activity and the dominance of the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 strain. (who.int)
The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza tested 403 isolates of which 261 were positive for influenza, 250 of which were influenza A and 11 were influenza B. Ninety-two per cent of the influenza A viruses were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009, and following antigenic analysis all of these were found to be similar to the current vaccine strain. (who.int)
Victoria was the first Australian jurisdiction to report widespread transmission - particularly among schoolchildren - when pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 emerged in mid-2009. (who.int)
In addition, the predominant influenza virus subtype was an H3N2, in contrast to dominance by H1N1 subtypes in recent past years. (medscape.com)
Dr Gezairy said that it had been one year since the pandemic (H1N1) influenza virus was first detected. (who.int)
Early on, it had been noticed that this novel H1N1 influenza virus deviated from influenza's usual pattern of activity in striking ways. (who.int)
Cases were 481 outpatients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)09 in the 2009-2010 season in Spain. (medscape.com)
The influenza A(H1N1)09 vaccine had a protective effect (OR = 0·13, 95% CI 0·04-0·48), unlike hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. (medscape.com)
During the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)09 wave in Spain, an exhaustive campaign was carried out, with the participation of institutions, the mass media, civil bodies, educational centres and health care professionals, with the objective of informing the public about non-pharmacological influenza prevention measures, and with an emphasis on simple measures such as covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing, and hand washing. (medscape.com)
Just over one hundred years ago one of its older relations, the influenza A(H1N1) virus, struck Lund University - and not least its students - hard. (lu.se)
From the history books we know the influenza A(H1N1) virus as Spanish flu. (lu.se)

The report notes the persisting threat of an influenza pandemic, the incidence of sporadic human cases of avian influenza, with high mortality, and the difficulties encountered in developing an effective vaccine. (who.int)
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists highlights a new approach for developing a universal influenza vaccine that could protect against multiple flu strains, including deadly pandemic strains. (stjude.org)
The result was a more diverse antibody response to the vaccination that expanded protection to include pandemic strains not targeted by the vaccine. (stjude.org)
Vaccination is the most effective strategy against flu, particularly the pandemic strains that emerge periodically, but efforts to develop a single, universal vaccine against all flu strains have been unsuccessful. (stjude.org)
A final vaccine analysis using a lethal influenza virus challenge showed that despite the differences in the immune responses observed in the mice, the mice had very similar patterns of protection. (mdpi.com)
The best way to prevent the flu is by getting an influenza vaccine every year. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A and B vaccine is administered each year before flu season. (medscape.com)
Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)
The FDA has approved a vaccine for H5N1 influenza. (medscape.com)
In the Northern Hemisphere, all persons aged 6 months or older should receive influenza vaccine annually by the end of October, if possible. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccination should not be delayed to procure a specific vaccine preparation if an appropriate one is already available. (medscape.com)
Those with a history of egg allergy who have experienced only hives after exposure to egg should receive influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
based subsidiary of CSL Limited , a manufacturers of influenza vaccines, has been awarded a contract by the HHS to supply pre-pandemic and pandemic vaccine antigens and related services to the U.S. national stockpile. (centerwatch.com)
We are proud to contribute our 45 years of successful influenza vaccine manufacturing experience to the U.S. National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza. (centerwatch.com)
Preliminary estimates from Australia suggest that this year's vaccine against influenza A was only 10 percent effective. (healthline.com)
It has been suggested that the low efficacy of the flu vaccine against influenza A in Australia may be due to the method in which the vaccines are created in chicken eggs . (healthline.com)
Just under half of the U.S. population gets vaccinated against influenza each season and experts are encouraging people not to believe myths like the influenza vaccine will make you sick with the flu. (healthline.com)
Influenza vaccine doesn't cause influenza," Dr. Lee Norman, chief medical officer of the University of Kansas Hospital, told Healthline. (healthline.com)
Effective allocation and administration of pandemic influenza vaccine will play a critical role in preventing influenza and reducing its effects on health and society during a future pandemic. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. government's goal is to have sufficient pandemic influenza vaccine available for an effective domestic response within four months of a pandemic declaration. (cdc.gov)
Pre-pandemic influenza vaccine stockpiles of bulk vaccine against viruses with pandemic potential are also being established and maintained. (cdc.gov)
Stockpiled pandemic vaccine availability will depend on the degree to which they match the circulating pandemic strain and other properties, and manufacturing capacity. (cdc.gov)
Given that influenza vaccine supply will increase incrementally as vaccine is produced during a pandemic, targeting decisions may have to be made. (cdc.gov)
Such decisions should be based on vaccine supply, pandemic severity and impact, potential for disruption of community critical infrastructure, operational considerations, and publicly articulated pandemic vaccination program objectives and principles. (cdc.gov)
The overarching objectives guiding vaccine allocation and use during a pandemic are to reduce the impact of the pandemic on health and minimize disruption to society and the economy. (cdc.gov)
These guidelines replace the 2008 Guidance on Allocating and Targeting Pandemic Influenza Vaccine . (cdc.gov)
To assist state and local health departments in planning for targeting vaccine during an influenza pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed the following checklist. (cdc.gov)
The items in the checklist are based on the 2018 Interim Updated Planning Guidance on Allocating and Targeting Pandemic Influenza Vaccine During an Influenza Pandemic, and include specific activities public health emergency planners and immunization programs can do to prepare for targeted pandemic influenza vaccination. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic changes also necessitate frequent updating of influenza vaccine components to ensure that the vaccine is matched to circulating viruses. (cdc.gov)
Despite the success of these adjuvants, the details of their mode of action in the context of influenza vaccine are still poorly understood. (nature.com)
Depends on the match of the strains in the vaccine with circulating strains, the age of the individual and whether they have any underlying medical conditions. (health.govt.nz)
There may be a small increased risk of fever and febrile convulsions with concomitant delivery of PCV13 and influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to under 5 years. (health.govt.nz)
Children aged under 5 years are more likely than older children or adults to have a febrile reaction to influenza vaccine. (health.govt.nz)
Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
Also based in France, Osivax entered into a research collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to conduct a preclinical evaluation combining Osivax's T-cell based influenza candidate OVX836, with a range of the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC) 's influenza vaccine candidates. (biospace.com)
OVX836 is a nucleoprotein-targeting influenza vaccine developed using the company's proprietary oligoDOM technology. (biospace.com)
The company noted that immune responses produced by OVX836 involve T-cells against the nucleoprotein, a highly conserved internal antigen across flu strains, and those made by the NIAID VRC vaccine candidates involve B-cells against hemagglutinin surface antigens. (biospace.com)
It doesn't matter if 80 percent of all flu-like illness is really caused by other viruses and bacteria and not influenza, 21 , 22 or that flu vaccine efficacy is estimated at 60 percent to 80 percent, depending upon age and what kind of vaccine is given. (nvic.org)
The selling of influenza vaccine has a lot to do with selling big morbidity and mortality numbers. (nvic.org)
It wasn't until the 1957-58 and 1968-69 influenza pandemics that the vaccine was marketed to civilians. (nvic.org)
24 Between 1970 and 2000, the trivalent influenza vaccine containing two strains of type A influenza and one strain of type B influenza was primarily recommended for the elderly. (nvic.org)
In the last few years, mRNA used as a vaccine with rapid, scalable, and cost-effective production during the corona pandemic [2]. (researchgate.net)
The New Zealand influenza surveillance system compiles information from a variety of sources on disease burden, epidemiology, viral aetiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and outcomes, and vaccine effectiveness. (apo.org.au)
The influenza surveillance system is in place to detect influenza epidemics/pandemics, inform vaccination policy and vaccine strain selection, and guide public health control measures. (apo.org.au)
The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Even though the production of influenza vaccines is well established, and the regulatory process allows for rapid strain update or exchange, it takes 4-6 months until a vaccine against a newly emerging subtype is available in sufficient quantities ( 2 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Researchers are conducting the first-in-human trial of a universal influenza vaccine candidate, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced April 3. (medscape.com)
The NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hopes to develop a vaccine that will overcome the challenges associated with seasonal changes among influenza strains. (medscape.com)
This phase 1 clinical trial is a step forward in our efforts to develop a durable and broadly protective universal influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
The vaccine stimulates protective immune responses against very different influenza subtypes by homing in on an area of the virus that remains relatively constant from strain to strain. (medscape.com)
The vaccine candidate development is part of a larger initiative to develop a universal vaccine candidate that can provide durable protection for individuals of all ages and against multiple influenza subtypes, including those with the potential to cause a pandemic. (medscape.com)
A team of VRC scientists developed the universal influenza vaccine prototype. (medscape.com)
It is useful as a vaccine platform because it forms particles that can display multiple influenza HA spikes on its surface, mimicking the natural organization of HA on the influenza virus," according to the news release. (medscape.com)
A newly developed influenza vaccine against the H5N1 subunit of the avian influenza virus, which has pandemic potential, has been shown to be highly immunogenic in younger and older adults . (medscape.com)
estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness each year. (who.int)
Despite moving to a quadrivalent vaccine to include strains from both the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages, vaccine effectiveness rates continue to be variable and low in many past seasons. (bvsalud.org)
The long-term effects of host factors on vaccine-elicited immune responses have not been well-studied, and the interactions of host factors with annual influenza vaccinations are yet to be explored. (bvsalud.org)
We analyzed data from a cohort of 386 individuals who received the standard-dose influenza vaccine and enrolled in multiple seasons (≥2) from 2016 to 2020. (bvsalud.org)
The use of computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA) proteins is a promising vaccine strategy to protect against a wide range of current and future influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with the standard-dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial. (medscape.com)
[ 3 , 4 ] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
Each year's vaccine is directed against the 3 or 4 strains that scientists predict will be most common in the coming year. (msdmanuals.com)
For more information, see the CDC's Live, Intranasal Influenza vaccine information statement and Inactivated Influenza vaccine information statement . (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza vaccine is usually given as an injection of inactivated virus into the muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
An influenza vaccine that has a higher dose of inactivated virus is recommended for people 65 years old and over. (msdmanuals.com)
The principal preventive measure is influenza vaccination, but the protective effect sought is not always achieved, either because there is not a good match between the vaccine and the circulating viral strain or owing to the emergence of a new pandemic virus. (medscape.com)
The pandemic vaccine was first used in Spain on November 16, 2009 and was offered to persons with medical conditions that increased the risk of complications and health care professionals. (medscape.com)
Her research currently focuses on modeling historical and contemporary pandemics and emerging infectious diseases, population transitions to long healthy lives, "big data" in health, and vaccine program evaluation. (lu.se)

Is an H2 influenza virus the next human pandemic subtype or are H7 viruses equally possible? (cdc.gov)
Influenza - particularly pandemic strains that emerge periodically as flu viruses mix and form novel strains - remains a global health threat. (stjude.org)
25 public health events to WHO, including the 2009 influenza pandemic, other novel influenza viruses, and several outbreaks associated with contaminated food items. (cdc.gov)
There is also a list of four diseases that always need to be reported to WHO: severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS, smallpox, new influenza viruses, and wild-type polio. (cdc.gov)
Yet, what if you found out today that the worst odds you or your children have of being infected with disease, disorder, and deformity exist in getting injected repeatedly with neurotoxins, genetically modified bacteria, live experimental strains of multiple viruses and pesticides? (scienceblogs.com)
surveillance focused on the subset of avian influenza viruses that pose significant risk of infecting humans, including certain viruses of low pathogenicity in poultry. (nationalacademies.org)
Methods - Enhanced surveillance was implemented in the United States for human infection with influenza A viruses that could not be subtyped. (medindia.net)
The timely and standardized collection of epidemiological data at individual level is a key component of influenza sentinel surveillance allowing monitoring of changes in seasonality, epidemiology, and virological characteristics of influenza and other circulating respiratory viruses. (who.int)
Bird flu viruses are just a few genetic steps away from the flu virus that caused the deadly 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, a new study shows. (abc.net.au)
Flu is a dangerous disease, and viruses crossing from animals to humans are unpredictable, but the probability of an avian influenza epidemic becoming a human pandemic remains low. (flutrackers.com)
In Australia this year, influenza A (or H3N2) viruses dominated, the same strain thought to have infected Murrieta. (healthline.com)
As reported in the March 23, 2006, issue of Nature , a team of scientists in the US and Japan , "led by [Virologist] Professor Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that avian influenza viruses and human influenza viruses home in on slightly different receptors. (sourcewatch.org)
An example of the evolutionary importance of reassortment is the exchange of RNA segments between mammalian and avian influenza viruses that give rise to pandemic influenza. (virology.ws)
Each time, new strains of viruses emerge and strike back, and they become more contagious and virulent. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses can be divided into 4 types: A, B, C, and D. Influenza type C viruses are not associated with severe disease, epidemics, or pandemics, and influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people, so neither will be discussed further here. (cdc.gov)
Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on surface proteins called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
A few bat species were recently shown to be infected by influenza viruses originally designated as new influenza A subtypes H17N10 and H18N11. (cdc.gov)
[8,9] However, these viruses were shown to be incompetent for reassortment with other influenza A viruses, a hallmark of the species, indicating that they are not true influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
Influenza B viruses are not divided into subtypes, but are further broken down into 2 lineages: Yamagata and Victoria. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A and B viruses both undergo gradual, continuous change in the HA and NA proteins, known as antigenic drift. (cdc.gov)
As a result of these antigenic changes, antibodies produced to influenza viruses as a result of infection or vaccination with earlier strains may not be protective against viruses circulating in later years. (cdc.gov)
While seasonal outbreaks are associated with mutation of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein on the viral surface to escape neutralization by antibodies generated in previous exposures, pandemics result from the introduction of completely new viruses into populations, where there is little pre-existing immunity to that virus 2 . (nature.com)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent small changes (mutations) in their segmented RNA genome over time. (health.govt.nz)
The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
PITTSBURGH - A child's first influenza infection shapes their immunity to future airborne flu viruses-including emerging pandemic strains. (upmc.com)
Having flu once does not make you immune to all future influenza viruses," she said. (upmc.com)
Influenza A viruses are one of the most important respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Influenza A viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a segmented negative-sense RNA genome ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Seasonal influenza is a perpetual public health challenge, and we continually face the possibility of an influenza pandemic resulting from the emergence and spread of novel influenza viruses," Anthony S. Fauci, MD, director of NIAID, said in a news release. (medscape.com)
Influenza B viruses (IBV) can cause severe disease and death much like influenza A viruses (IAV), with a disproportionate number of infections in children. (bvsalud.org)
Ferrets vaccinated with B-COBRA HA vaccines had neutralizing antibodies with high titer HAI titer against all influenza B viruses regardless of pre-immunization history. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza (Flu) Influenza (flu) is a viral infection of the lungs and airways with one of the influenza viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza Resp Viruses. (medscape.com)
However, certain viruses can affect a university more fundamentally, something that the Covid-19 pandemic of recent years - with staff working from home, the rapid transition to online teaching and cancelled doctoral conferment ceremonies - has taught us. (lu.se)

However, the segmented genome also has the potential to allow re-assortment of genome segments from different strains of influenza in a co-infected host. (medscape.com)
The system can also assess changes associated with the emergence of different strains with epidemic and pandemic potential. (who.int)
Many different strains of bird flu are present in China, with some sporadically infecting people, typically those who work with poultry. (medscape.com)
There are many different strains within each type. (msdmanuals.com)

But existing vaccines protect against just the dominant seasonal flu strain and not emerging flu strains. (stjude.org)
the partners plan to exchange scientific information on avian influenza, share viral isolates, and may eventually manufacture human vaccines against avian viral strains. (nationalacademies.org)
Australian scientists have found that two different vaccines used to control an infectious disease in chickens can recombine to create new lethal virus strains. (abc.net.au)
5, 6] For the 2021-2022 influenza season, all flu vaccines are expected to be quadrivalent. (medscape.com)
Influenza pandemics require rapid deployment of effective vaccines for control. (nature.com)
The capacity to rapidly develop and manufacture effective vaccines in large quantities is key in combating influenza pandemics. (nature.com)
used phage display libraries, and surface plasmon resonance to determine binding locations, and affinity of the antibodies produced in response to both adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccines 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
The first experimental influenza vaccines were given to soldiers in World War II. (nvic.org)
Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. (jmir.org)
Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. (jmir.org)
Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. (jmir.org)
Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well. (jmir.org)
Objective.In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were made available to different countries. (bvsalud.org)
To develop more effective influenza B virus vaccines, three novel IBV hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines were designed using a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology. (bvsalud.org)
Current seasonal influenza vaccines are limited in that they need to be reformulated every year in order to account for the constant mutation of the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Due to mutations in circulating strains, formulating effective vaccines remains a challenge. (bvsalud.org)

For example,1 currently circulating strain is designated as H3N2. (medscape.com)
The fact that H3N2 is still circulating without causing an ongoing pandemic highlights the importance of herd immunity. (medscape.com)
Investigators showed the new strategy protected mice - vaccinated against the H3N2 influenza A flu strain, which causes mild disease - from succumbing to the more dangerous H5N1 and H7N9 strains weeks later. (stjude.org)
Basically, they're the same as the H3N2 strains that were active in Australia, so we are braced for a serious influenza season. (healthline.com)

The overarching aim of the national pandemic influenza vaccination program is to vaccinate all persons in the United States (U.S.) who choose to be vaccinated, prior to the peak of disease. (cdc.gov)
Recognizing that demand may exceed supply at the onset of a pandemic, federal, state, tribal, and local governments, communities, and the private sector have asked for updated planning guidance on who should receive vaccination early in a pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Several new elements have been incorporated into the 2018 guidelines to update and provide interim guidance for planning purposes, and to provide the rationale for a new vaccination program during a pandemic allowing for local adjustment where appropriate. (cdc.gov)
For pandemic influenza vaccination, this suggests that the adjuvant could improve B cell responses by either increasing activation of naïve B cells, or by increasing the activation and adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells generated through infection or immunization with seasonal influenza from earlier years to become specific towards the pandemic strain 11 . (nature.com)
Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. (jmir.org)
Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. (jmir.org)
In addition to vaccination, other public health measures are also effective in limiting influenza transmission in closed environments. (medscape.com)
We also evaluated the effectiveness of preventive measures such as influenza vaccination, hand washing and the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. (medscape.com)

Surveillance and Response Technical Guidelines has incorporated human influenza due to a new subtype as one of the priority conditions for immediate notification to WHO by Member States. (who.int)
Pandemics occur if such a new subtype acquires the ability to infect and transmit in the human population. (frontiersin.org)

Scientists are to create mutant forms of the H7N9 bird flu virus that has emerged in China so they can gauge the risk of it becoming a lethal human pandemic. (abc.net.au)
The new avian influenza (H7N9) emerging in China is to reboot the fear of animal influenza by a media epidemic. (flutrackers.com)
Meng Z , Han R , Hu Y , Yuan Z , Jiang S , Zhang X , Xu J . Possible pandemic threat from new reassortment of influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. (eurosurveillance.org)
Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus re-emerged in China in December 2013, after a decrease in the number of new cases during the preceding six months. (eurosurveillance.org)
Reassortment between influenza A(H7N9) and local H9N2 strains has spread from China's south-east coast to other regions. (eurosurveillance.org)
Three new reassortments of A(H7N9) virus were identified by phylogenetic analysis: between A(H7N9) and Zhejiang-derived strains, Guangdong/Hong Kong-derived strains or Hunan-derived A(H9N2) strains. (eurosurveillance.org)
A Nature Communications paper showed a mutation in newly emerged H7N9 influenza can render it resistant to the only class of drugs active against the virus, without affecting its ability to spread in animals. (sciencemediacentre.org)
H5N1 and H7N9 as well as other strains have caused a few lethal outbreaks and could potentially cause a pandemic if they become able to spread more easily. (medscape.com)

A comparable death rate has not been observed during any of the known flu seasons or pandemics that have occurred either prior to or following the 1918 pandemic. (thegospelcoalition.org)
The strain of influenza that caused the 1918 pandemic probably came from birds, a study shows. (the-scientist.com)
There are both scientific and economic lessons to be gleaned from the 1918 pandemic that we can apply to our response today. (forbes.com)
It turns out that bacterial pneumonia is what killed most people, young or old, in the 1918 pandemic. (nvic.org)

Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
The sharp rise in influenza-associated acute respiratory illnesses that occurs during annual seasonal epidemics results in increased numbers of visits to physicians' offices, walk-in clinics, and emergency departments. (cdc.gov)
Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
This phenomenon is seen in the populations affected by previous flu epidemics and pandemics. (upmc.com)
Annual epidemics represent an important disease burden and cause an estimated 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide, and occasional pandemics are associated with increased morbidity and mortality ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)
Two types of influenza virus, type A and type B, regularly cause seasonal epidemics of influenza in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza epidemics usually begin in late December or midwinter. (msdmanuals.com)

Epidemic strains of influenza cause infections almost every year throughout the world because of continuous minor genetic changes in the virus. (cdc.gov)
A broad summary is that for realistic stockpile sizes, a dynamic allocation scheme is superior with the important exception of the epidemic final size under a severe pandemic scenario. (edu.au)
So, how do we know how many people are sick with the flu during a flu pandemic or a seasonal epidemic? (cdc.gov)
It is an oddity of history that the influenza epidemic of 1918 has been overlooked in the teaching of American history," the National Archives says on its website . (hyperallergic.com)

Despite the World Health Organization's declaration that the global pandemic was over, New Zealand is still experiencing a significant level of swine flu, health authorities have said. (medindia.net)
A novel virus, a global pandemic, this particular political landscape, today's economic situation-none has ever converged as we are experiencing now. (forbes.com)
The second predicted disaster that did not come to pass was a killer global pandemic like the 1918 strain of influenza. (gwynnedyer.com)
In the months that followed, the virus caused a global pandemic. (who.int)

Contemporary chroniclers and those who have read their accounts observed how entire populations were attacked at once, which is how the disease first received the name influenza (from the belief that such outbreaks were caused by influences like stars or cold). (wikipedia.org)
The WHO's top flu official, Keiji Fukuda, said the influenza virus was no longer considered capable of causing another pandemic, even if more severe outbreaks might occur in some countries. (medindia.net)
Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
These OsR strains retain virulence, replicative fitness and transmissibility from person to person, with outbreaks reported. (eurekaselect.com)
Influenza virus causes seasonal outbreaks of clinical influenza, and has been responsible for four pandemics over the last 100 years 1 . (nature.com)
Earlier this week, the World Health Organization raised its pandemic alert level to 5 (out of 6), indicating widespread human infection of an animal influenza capable of causing community-level outbreaks. (carnegiecouncil.org)
Over the last 20 years, there have been regular introductions of H5N1 strains and occasional cases of H7N1 and H9N2 infections, mostly associated with outbreaks in poultry ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The strains of virus that cause influenza outbreaks change each year. (msdmanuals.com)

Australia has just emerged from a rough flu season, with record high numbers of laboratory-confirmed influenza notifications, and a higher than normal number of deaths and hospitalizations due to influenza. (healthline.com)
The Department of Health coordinates the surveillance of all laboratory-confirmed influenza in Victoria, a prescribed group B notifiable disease under the Victorian Public Health and Well-being Act 2008 and Public Health and Well-being Regulations 2009 . (who.int)
[ 3 , 4 ] Laboratory-confirmed influenza (via nasopharyngeal swabs for culture, polymerase chain reaction, or both) occurred in 228 participants in the IIV3-HD group (1.4%) and 301 participants in the IIV3-SD group (1.9%), a relative efficacy of 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7 to 36.5). (medscape.com)

In 1510, an acute respiratory disease emerged in Asia before spreading through North Africa and Europe during the first chronicled, inter-regional flu pandemic generally recognized by medical historians and epidemiologists. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza is known to be transmitted through respiratory secretions containing the virus. (cdc.gov)
Typical features of influenza include abrupt onset of fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough (usually nonproductive), sore throat, and coryza, as well as systemic symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. (cdc.gov)
1 ] Influenza C is associated with mild cases of upper respiratory infection. (health.govt.nz)
That is because what CDC employees did to come up with their influenza hospitalization 'estimate' was to count a lot of people hospitalized between 1979 and 2001 - not just with influenza but also with pneumonia, respiratory and circulatory illnesses - which they counted as probably associated with influenza. (nvic.org)
Again, they counted not just influenza death cases but also threw in other respiratory, circulatory, cardiac and pulmonary deaths they thought might have been associated with influenza. (nvic.org)

New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
With the exception of bat-associated subtypes ( 4 ), all influenza A virus subtypes can be found in wild aquatic birds, which are their natural reservoir. (frontiersin.org)

The conference, "Pandemic Influenza: Confronting a Reemergent Threat," was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the University of Michigan, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, and the World Health Organization. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza is a potential and unpredictable threat to humans because of the segmented nature of the genome. (medscape.com)
The strain previously considered the greatest threat was H5N1, mostly because of the high associated mortality rate (up to 60%) in infected humans. (medscape.com)
The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
To address the threat that avian influenza (AI) poses to human health, it is necessary to recognize its broader agricultural and economic implications and to integrate this knowledge into disease control strategies. (nationalacademies.org)
The European Union has declared the spread of bird flu from Asia into the EU as a global threat requiring international cooperation, saying western Europe is ill prepared to deal with an influenza emergency. (sourcewatch.org)
Influenza virus poses an ongoing human health threat with pandemic potential. (bvsalud.org)

Influenza-like illnesses had been documented in Europe since at least Charlemagne, with 1357's outbreak the first to be called influenza, but the 1510 flu pandemic is the first to be pathologically described following communication advances brought about by the printing press. (wikipedia.org)
The chapter concludes with an example of a low-pathogen avian influenza outbreak in a group of commercial poultry farms and the steps the industry took to contain further spread of the virus, minimize the risk of exposure, and monitor and prevent further infections. (nationalacademies.org)
We learned a lot about influenza evolution, pig farming, and outbreak risk along the way. (the-scientist.com)
This is the worst outbreak of avian influenza since 2015 . (medscape.com)

If swine influenza spreads, prescriptions for Tamiflu may outstrip supplies. (carnegiecouncil.org)

Although all strains of influenza A virus naturally infect birds, certain strains can infect mammalian hosts such as pigs and humans. (medscape.com)
The OIE is developing influenza surveillance guidelines that encompass birds, domestic mammals, wildlife, and humans. (nationalacademies.org)
A deadly strain of bird flu known to infect humans is spreading rapidly and silently through chicken populations across China. (abc.net.au)
Big influenza pandemics start out with a strain hopping from one animal into humans, Varma says. (cpr.org)
The guess would be if highly virulent avian strains are unlikely to transmit from cat to human, low pathogenic strains [like this] are even less likely to transmit from cat to humans," Chomel says. (cpr.org)
An influenza virus identified in pigs in China has a concerning mix of genes, but experts say there is no way to know if it will evolve to be transmissible between humans. (the-scientist.com)
Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries. (medscape.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) described SARS-CoV-2 as "a new strain [of coronavirus] that has not been previously identified in humans" ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
From the first case of H5 avian influenza in humans in the United States to reports of ongoing, widespread disease in birds , the potential of a possible pandemic variant has many keeping a watchful eye on the disease. (medscape.com)

A rare strain of bird flu has infected at least 45 cats in a Manhattan animal shelter, according to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. (cpr.org)
Cats got sick from the bird flu pandemic of over a decade ago. (cpr.org)
To date, roughly 103 people have been infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus--or bird flu. (sourcewatch.org)
The chances of the bird flu becoming an international pandemic killing seqdrillions of us, crippling world economies, causing the closure of international borders and generally creating fear , panic and loathing not seen since the last witch was burnt or since we routinely expelled lepers from our midst, are negligible. (sourcewatch.org)
An out break of avian influenza (bird flu) has been discovered on a Suffolk poultry farm. (sciencemediacentre.org)
China had previously recorded the first known human infection with the H3N8 strain of bird flu. (medscape.com)
From the first human cases of the current bird flu strain to preparations for a potential pandemic, avian influenza news garnered great interest this week, becoming the top trending clinical topic. (medscape.com)
Bird Flu Bird flu is a viral infection with strains of influenza virus that normally occur in wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)

We report on the various responses in Australia during 2020 to minimize negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the welfare of animals. (frontiersin.org)
The images, collected from regional archives across the country, hold striking similarities to the current COVID-19 pandemic and offer valuable lessons on how to contain it. (hyperallergic.com)
In light of the protracted nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries may wish to conduct periodic reviews during the event so they can continue to reflect on the ongoing response and revise national and subnational response strategies and plans as needed. (who.int)
These results are relevant right now to the COVID-19 pandemic," said senior author Seema Lakdawala, Ph.D. , assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at Pitt. (upmc.com)
Future study is needed to reveal the precise immunological mechanism underlying such an immune response, but Lakdawala said that doesn't mean public health authorities should wait to put the findings into action, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. (upmc.com)

US researchers believe they have found a way that influenza makes people more prone to potentially deadly pneumonia. (abc.net.au)
An estimated 95% (or higher) of the deaths were caused by bacterial pneumonia, not influenza/a virus. (lewrockwell.com)
Complications of influenza infection include secondary bacterial pneumonia and exacerbation of underlying chronic health conditions. (cdc.gov)
Influenza can cause severe pneumonia, worsening of chronic heart and lung disorders, organ failure, and death. (msdmanuals.com)

These strategies are presented, along with background information on the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of avian influenza, by David Swayne and David Suarez of the USDA. (nationalacademies.org)
Take it," Stephen Morse, PhD, a professor of epidemiology and an influenza expert at Columbia University in New York, told Healthline. (healthline.com)
2 The pandemic strain continued to be dominant around the world into the 2009/2010 northern hemisphere influenza season and there was considerable interest in the epidemiology of a likely second southern hemisphere pandemic wave during the 2010 influenza season. (who.int)
As Professor of Epidemiology and head of the PandemiX Center at Roskilde University in Denmark, Lone Simonsen worked closely with Danish health authorities investigating and proposing ways to optimize efforts against the pandemic. (lu.se)

Influenza was likely widespread in North Africa before crossing continents through the Mediterranean, arriving in Malta where British medical historian Thomas Short believed that the "island of Melite in Africa" became the 1510 flu's springboard into Europe. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the United States is experiencing widespread and intense influenza activity. (cdc.gov)
Background: The evolution of antiviral drug resistance during influenza pandemics has created widespread concern. (uwaterloo.ca)

This strain has drawn more attention than other HPAI strains because of ongoing reports of bird-to-human transmissions that result in severe disease in the human host. (medscape.com)
A flu season dominated by this type of strain is often characterized by more severe illnesses, particularly among the young and old. (healthline.com)
Specifically, the targeting strategy aims to protect those who will: maintain homeland and national security, are essential to the pandemic response and provide care for persons who are ill, maintain essential community services, be at greater risk of infection due to their job, and those who are most medically vulnerable to severe illness such as young children and pregnant women. (cdc.gov)

c World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (who.int)

They target and bind tightly to strain-specific regions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on the virus. (stjude.org)
The letters H and N stand for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, two kinds of protein on the surface of the influenza virus. (carnegiecouncil.org)
It displays part of hemagglutinin (HA), an influenza protein, on the surface of a microscopic nanoparticle made of nonhuman ferritin. (medscape.com)

There was only one deadly influenza pandemic in the last 100 years that killed the young and healthy in great numbers and that was the 1918 Spanish Flu. (nvic.org)

The workshops also focused on factors contributing to the emergence of pandemic strains and various aspects of surveillance, such as the adequacy of current global surveillance structure for early identification of a pandemic strain, the use of virologic and epidemiologic surveillance once a strain is identified, and the rapid exchange of information globally. (cdc.gov)
This document provides an overview of information gained from influenza surveillance in New Zealand in 2016. (apo.org.au)
NZ influenza surveillance also contributes to these activities at a global level. (apo.org.au)
Given the wide clinical spectrum and variable levels of diagnostic testing for influenza, several surveillance programmes that target different populations are used to monitor activity of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) in Victoria. (who.int)
Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)

A lethal synergism between the influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified. (medscimonit.com)
And if a strain does jump to people, such a mutation may make it far less lethal than it has been to those who have contracted it from birds. (sourcewatch.org)

Jordan, 17 January 2023 - Experts from the Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness (IHP) programme at the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted a mission to Jordan in December 2022 to participate in national training for sentinel site teams and staff of the National Influenza Centre. (who.int)

However, periodically a major change occurs, such as reassortment between mammalian and avian strains of the virus. (cdc.gov)
I think beside the benefit of genetic reassortment, having a segmented genome in influenza would probably mean all 8 segments can be made into proteins at the same time, shortening replication time. (virology.ws)

The influenza A H5N1 avian pandemic strain has a mortality rate of nearly 60 percent. (stjude.org)
Influenza causes significant loss of workdays, human suffering, and mortality. (medscape.com)
Considered the worst flu pandemic in history , it was marked by exceptionally high mortality rate in otherwise healthy people. (hyperallergic.com)
Scientists have spotted a once-in-a-century climate anomaly during World War I that likely increased mortality during the war and the influenza pandemic in the years that followed. (enn.com)

The following immunologic and molecular questions were addressed as well: What basic research advances would allow us to respond more rapidly after the next human pandemic strain is detected? (cdc.gov)
The term avian influenza used in this context refers to zoonotic human infection with an influenza strain that primarily affects birds. (medscape.com)
Based on experience with other pandemics, like the 1918 influenza pandemic, COVID-19 will likely disrupt human society for years to come ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, plans are to have first doses available within 12 weeks of the President or the Secretary of Health and Human Services declaring a pandemic 1 . (cdc.gov)
According to information provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on April 17, 2007, "There have not been any human cases of avian influenza in the United States or North America, but there have been cases in other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa . (sourcewatch.org)
Each additional case provides the virus an opportunity to improve its ability for human-to-human transmission and develop into a pandemic strain. (sourcewatch.org)
Today's version is thought to be a combination of bird, human, and swine strains. (carnegiecouncil.org)
Human unfamiliarity with this new swine version is troubling because lack of immunity is a primary prerequisite for a pandemic. (carnegiecouncil.org)
The World Health Organisation is concerned that an avian influenza and a human influenza virus might mix. (civildefence.govt.nz)
With COVID the Danish expert group tried to find out how pathogens evolved during the pandemic and how human interventions have affected the impact of it. (lu.se)

Such an antigenic shift can cause a pandemic, 4 of which have occurred in recorded history. (medscape.com)
This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)

Conference participants then reviewed international pandemic plans and the U.S. pandemic plan being prepared by the Federal Interagency Group on Pandemic Preparedness. (cdc.gov)
We are very pleased to again be working with the U.S. government on its pandemic preparedness efforts," said Dr. John Anderson, senior vice president of CSL Biotherapies. (centerwatch.com)

Avian influenza is a slightly misleading term, as influenza is among the natural infections found in birds. (medscape.com)
The studies were conducted with the Zika viral strain that has recently spread from South America to ravage Puerto Rico and likely responsible for the first wave of infections that have begun to occur in the United States. (prnewswire.com)
Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

Background Sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome from patient samples is an important epidemiological tool for monitoring and responding to the pandemic, including the emergence of new mutations in specific communities. (medrxiv.org)

The early viral strains that we are now isolating from around the country in the United States are very close. (healthline.com)

Indicators used to track influenza-like-activity are higher than what was seen during the peak of the 2014-2015 season, the most recent season characterized as being of "high" severity. (cdc.gov)
Although the timing and severity of a future pandemic and characteristics of the next pandemic influenza virus strain are not known, it is important to plan and prepare. (cdc.gov)
Because influenza seasons are unpredictable and often fluctuate in length and severity, the overall burden seasonal influenza varies from year to year. (cdc.gov)
Due to differences in care seeking and disease severity, the combination of these systems also allows for a better representation of the burden of influenza in NZ. (apo.org.au)

From how they emerge to what happens during the pandemic and how it ends," says Lone Simonsen about her work at the PandemiX Center. (lu.se)

[1-5] Aspirin and other salicylate-containing medications are contraindicated for children and adolescents with influenza-like illness, as their use during influenza infection has been associated with the development of Reye syndrome. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reported that, in 2004, there were about 37,000 Americans hospitalized for either influenza or another illness in addition to influenza, and patients over age 85 were twice as likely to die. (nvic.org)
Influenza-like illness consultation rates varied across District Health Boards (DHBs), with the highest rates reported from Tairawhiti and South Canterbury DHBs. (apo.org.au)

An estimated 19,000 to 58,000 deaths have been attributed to influenza since October 2022. (medscape.com)
The CDC documented that seasonal influenza was responsible for 5,000 to 14,000 deaths during the 2021-2022 season. (medscape.com)
The CDC has been telling the public for nearly a decade that there are more than 200,000 estimated hospitalizations and 36,000 estimated deaths from influenza in the U.S. every year. (nvic.org)
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that seasonal influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually. (medscape.com)
The number of deaths caused by influenza varies greatly from year to year, with about 20,000 to 50,000 deaths annually in the United States (see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's [CDC] impact of influenza in past years ). (msdmanuals.com)

Instead of trying to enhance a highly specific, targeted immune response, our results show that a more diverse, less focused response provides a broader repertoire of antibodies that target different flu strains. (stjude.org)
Inhibiting mTOR disrupted generation of the antibodies that target specific regions of the HA proteins that are unique to each flu strain. (stjude.org)
This led us to the B-cell response and evidence that the cross-reactive antibodies provide crucial protection against different flu strains," said first author Rachael Keating, Ph.D., a St. Jude scientist. (stjude.org)

That the virus mutated several times and certain strains were more likely to infect people at a higher rate, whereas other strains gave graver symptoms. (lu.se)

The first cases of influenza began to appear in Sicily around July after the arrival of infected merchant ships from Malta. (wikipedia.org)

Conclusion The home environment appears to play an important role in the spread of influenza in adults, but not the use of public transport. (medscape.com)

Victoria is Australia's second most populous state with a temperate climate and an annual influenza season that usually occurs between May and September. (who.int)

Persons 65 years of age and older, young children, pregnant women, and persons of any age with certain underlying health problems are at increased risk for complications of influenza and hospitalization. (cdc.gov)
Now, 37,000 influenza hospitalizations is five times less than the 200,000 hospitalization figure the CDC uses. (nvic.org)

Our results, viewed in conjunction with the practical considerations of implementing a preallocation scheme, support a focus on attempting to reduce the delay in delivering antivirals under a dynamic allocation scheme during a future pandemic. (edu.au)

Anatomy11

Organisms38

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities4

Information Science7

Named Groups2

Health Care39

Geographicals17

H1N148

Vaccine69

Viruses38

Different strains4

Vaccines16

H3N24

Vaccination8

Subtype2

H7N98

1918 pandemic4

Epidemics8

Epidemic4

Global pandemic4

Outbreaks8

Laboratory-confirmed influenza3

Respiratory6

Subtypes2

Threat7

Outbreak4

Swine-influenza1

Humans9

Bird flu8

COVID-19 Pandemic5

Pneumonia4

Epidemiology4

Widespread3

Severe3

World Health Organ1

Hemagglutinin3

Last 100 years1

Surveillance5

Lethal2

20231

Reassortment2

Mortality4

Human10

Antigenic2

Preparedness2

Infections3

Emergence of new1

Viral strains1

Severity4

Emerge1

Illness3

Deaths5

Antibodies3

Infect1

Cases of influenza1

Spread of influenza1

Victoria1

Hospitalization2

Future pandemic1