Influenza a virus h9n2 subtype. Medical search. Frequent questions

H9N2 influenza virus has been recognized to reassort with multiple other subtypes, including H6N1, H6N2, and H5N1 viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the "internal" genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? (wikipedia.org)
Lin YP , Shaw M , Gregory V , Cameron K , Lim W , Klimov A , Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates. (cdc.gov)
During 2020, reassortment (gene-swapping) between poultry and wild bird viruses led to the emergence of HPAI H5N1 with the NA viruses with an N1 NA from wild birds. (cdc.gov)
These wild bird-adapted HPAI H5N1 viruses were first identified in Europe during the fall of 2020 and spread across Europe and into Africa, the Middle East and Asia 24 . (cdc.gov)
In May 2021, HPAI H5N1 virus was detected in wild fox kits 51 at a rehabilitation center in the Netherlands, during an outbreak of HPAI in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
In December 2021, detections of HPAI H5N1 virus were also reported in wild foxes in Estonia 54 . (cdc.gov)
In January 2022, an HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection was reported in an asymptomatic 80-year-old man who raised ducks that became sick in England in late December 2021. (cdc.gov)
In February, Peru reported HPAI H5N1 virus infections in sea lions following deaths of hundreds of sea lions that began in January. (cdc.gov)
In January 2022, the first HPAI H5N1 virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) infection in wild birds in the United States since 2016 was reported by USDA/APHIS . (cdc.gov)
In April 2022, the first human case of HPAI H5N1 virus was reported in the United States, though this detection may have been the result of contamination of the nasal passages with the virus rather than actual infection. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis HA and NA genes showed that they share a common ancestor Qa/HK/G1/97 isolate which had contributed internal genes of H5N1 virus. (scialert.net)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
The infections identified included: ARI, avian influenza A(H5N1), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. (who.int)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
R1a-B6-Fc fusions of both isotypes gave complete protection against lethal challenge with both pandemic A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 and avian influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1). (frontiersin.org)
The present results demonstrate that an H9N2 virus has the potential to acquire intravenous pathogenicity in chickens although the morbidity via the nasal route of infection is lower than that of H5N1 HPAIV. (biomedcentral.com)
2022. In recent years there has been a change in the primary subtypes and frequency of reports of human A(HxNy) in the region, with a reduction of A(H7N9) and A(H5N1), and conversely an increase of A(H5N6) and A(H9N2). (who.int)
Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates. (uchicago.edu)
Since the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza caused thousands of deaths of wild bird in this area in 2005, Qinghai Lake in China has become a hot spot for study of the influence of avian influenza to migratory wild birds. (biomedcentral.com)
While H9N2's involvement can be traced back two decades to the emergence of H5N1, since 2013 we've seen a sudden surge in the number of new avian reassortants appearing in China - nearly all carrying the incriminating fingerprints of H9N2. (flutrackers.com)
There are many subtypes of avian influenza viruses, but only some strains of five subtypes have been known to infect humans: H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H7N9, and H9N2. (inciner8.com)
bụ a aja aja-acha odo odo ezi ntụ ntụ na nwere ike mgbochi malitere ịrịa mmetụta na ihe ike nke na-egbu ndị H5N1 na H9N2 subtype nke avian influenza virus. (herbal-ingredients.com)
subtype (i.e. avian influenza viruses to infections such as avian influenza and For this review we included pub- including H5N1, H7N9, H7N2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome cor- lished and unpublished reports of the H9N2, swine flu/pandemic influenza onavirus (MERS-CoV). (who.int)
Influenza viruses are broadly categorized by their two surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin ( HA ) and neuraminidase ( NA ) - hence we often talk about seasonal H1N1 or H3N2, or avian H5N1 or H9N2 viral subtypes. (blogspot.com)
Clades can be further divided into sub-clades , and subclades (e.g. 2.3.4.4b ) into genotypes ( and variants within genotypes ), producing a myriad of quasi-similar viruses - sometimes with differing characteristics (see Differences In Virulence Between Closely Related H5N1 Strains ) - but still often referred to (outside of scientific journals ) as a single subtype. (blogspot.com)
All of which brings us to a fascinating, and detailed, look at the growing diversity of avian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses around the world. (blogspot.com)
Among their findings, they report that H5N1 viruses are becoming better adapted to mammals ( something we've discussed often, including here, here , and here ) , and could become more dangerous to humans over time. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin gene have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 70 million domestic poultry in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. (blogspot.com)
During our routine surveillance, 13 H5N1 viruses were isolated from 26,767 wild bird and poultry samples that were collected between September 2021 and March 2022 in China. (blogspot.com)
To investigate the origin of these Chinese isolates and understand their genetic relationship with the globally circulating H5N1 viruses, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of 233 representative H5N1 strains that were isolated from 28 countries. (blogspot.com)
Our study reveals the overall picture of H5N1 virus evolution and provides insights for the control of these viruses. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have become the predominant strains causing global avian influenza outbreaks since October 2021. (blogspot.com)
In this study, we performed phylogenic analyses of 220 H5N1 viruses that were reported in 27 countries together with 13 viruses we isolated in China, and found that the globally circulating H5N1 viruses have formed 16 different genotypes. (blogspot.com)
The 13 H5N1 viruses isolated in China belong to the G1, G7, G9, and G10 genotypes, and viruses of all four of these genotypes replicated efficiently in multiple organs of mice, although their pathogenicity varied among strains. (blogspot.com)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
However, a HPAIV of the H5N1 subtype killed thousands of bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus ), great black-headed gulls ( Larus ichthyaetus ) and brown-headed gulls ( Larus brunnicephalus ) in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2005 9 , 12 . (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
In particular, LABEL comes with modules to annotate clades for influenza A(H5N1) hemagluttinin gene segments as described by the WHO/FAO/OIE H5N1 nomenclature working group . (cdc.gov)
Disease relevance of na Although differing in their surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase components, a notable feature of these H9N2 viruses is that the six genes encoding the internal components of the virus are similar to those of the 1997 H5N1 human and avian isolates. (wikigenes.org)
Egypt is still facing recurrent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (H5N1) outbreaks ( 12 ). (blogspot.com)
We aimed to confirm the current absence of HPAI (H5N1) from the region and determine whether any other influenza virus strains might circulate in domestic birds and pigs. (blogspot.com)
L'HE de Tea tree sur le Virus de la grippe aviaire H5N1 et sous-types H7N3 et H9N2 à une dose de 10 μl4. (memory-therapy.com)
In 2003, one person died from bird flu virus A (H5N1) in Asia out of two reported infection. (vetcos.com)
During 2003-05 period the A (H5N1) strain of bird flu virus infected 117 people out of which 64 died. (vetcos.com)
Public health officials remain concerned that the genes of Influenza A (H5N1) strain virus which is slightly infectious to human beings could yet mix with a human strain to create a new strain that could spread widely in human population. (vetcos.com)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)

H9N2 is the most common subtype of influenza viruses in Chinese chickens and thus causes great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccination programs. (wikipedia.org)
The crucial role of H9N2 viruses due to the wide host range, adaptation to both poultry and mammals and extensive gene reassortment. (wikipedia.org)
The structure of the hemagglutinin, or HA, protein in the virus and the lack of reports of severe disease in poultry indicate that the virus exhibits characteristics of low pathogenicity in birds. (cdc.gov)
During 2020, LPAI H9N2 virus infection in one child with moderate illness after possible indirect exposure to backyard poultry was reported from Hong Kong in February 2020. (cdc.gov)
Senegal reported a case of LPAI H9N2 virus infection in a child with mild illness after backyard poultry exposure that occurred in February 2019. (cdc.gov)
From late 2021 to 2022, the predominant HPAI H5 virus causing poultry outbreaks worldwide was the wild-bird adapted HPAI H5N1virus, according to WHOA (formally known as OIE [610 KB, 6 pages] ). (cdc.gov)
During January through April 2022, China reported seven cases of HPAI H5N6 virus infection following poultry exposures, with severe or critical illness, including one death. (cdc.gov)
The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few winters. (mdpi.com)
Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
H9N2 viruses circulate widely in the Middle East and are associated with serious disease in poultry. (scialert.net)
Currently, implementation of compulsory control measures in H7N9 virus-positive live poultry markets is preventing further human infections," senior author Hualan Chen, a veterinary researcher affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University, and her colleagues wrote. (genomeweb.com)
Its non-pathogenic nature in poultry enables the avian H7N9 virus to replicate silently in avian species and to transmit to humans," they continued. (genomeweb.com)
That rash of flu infections has prompted closure of poultry-markets where the H7N9 virus was detected and spurred interest from several research groups keen to understand the strain's origins, pathogenicity, and transmissibility. (genomeweb.com)
Of those, 52 belonged to the H7N9 subtype and all but one stemmed from poultry market sources. (genomeweb.com)
Isolation of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza A viruses from air sampled at live poultry markets in China, 2014 and 2015. (cdc.gov)
Zoonotic infections by avian influenza viruses occur at the human-poultry interface, but the modes of transmission have not been fully investigated. (cdc.gov)
Viral genome and infectious avian influenza A viruses of H5N6, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes were detected predominantly from particles larger or equal to 1 microm in diameter in the air sampled with cyclone-based bioaerosol samplers at the live poultry markets in Guangzhou. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A(H9N2) viruses were ubiquitously isolated every month during the study period from air and environmental swabs, and different lineages of H9N2 virus were isolated from markets where chickens and minor land-based poultry were sold. (cdc.gov)
The results highlight the possibility of airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses among poultry or from poultry to humans within such settings. (cdc.gov)
We isolated an avian influenza A/H9N2 virus from an apparently healthy chicken at a live-poultry market in January 2018. (unair.ac.id)
However, systematical surveillance information for the evolution of H9N2 viruses in poultry flocks of Southern India is lacking. (univ-reunion.fr)
Outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) caused by infection with low pathogenic H9N2 viruses have occurred in poultry, resulting in serious economic losses in Asia and the Middle East. (biomedcentral.com)
NOBILIS® H9N2 P is meant to be used for active immunization of healthy poultry as an aid in the prevention of Avian Influenza, type A, subtype H9. (msd-animal-health.com)
Fowl typhoid (FT), a septicemic disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and H9N2 influenza infection are two economically important diseases that affect poultry industry worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Avian influenza viruses (AIV), the causative agents of AI, have worldwide distribution in domestic and wild poultry and are broadly designated as high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) or low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) based on the pathogenicity and the virulence in chickens [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine to prevent and control H9N2 infection in poultry has an immense public health importance. (biomedcentral.com)
The introduction and development of an effective vaccine against each LPAI subtype is not an economically viable option for the poultry industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Wild and domestic birds (poultry and captive birds) and notifiable under the International Health Regulations other mammalian species play an important role in the (IHR 2005) 4 and animal cases are notifiable to the World emergence, evolution and transmission of different AI Organisation for Animal Health under the Terrestrial subtypes A(HxNy) to humans. (who.int)
It is very important to understand the avian influenza virus distribution and characteristics in environment associated with poultry and wild bird. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we found the avian influenza viruses characteristics of geographic distribution, seasonality, location, samples types, proved that multiple subtypes of AIVs continuously coexisted in the environment associated with poultry and wild bird, highlighted the need for environmental surveillance in China. (biomedcentral.com)
Contact between poultry and wild birds is a key driver of the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), a process that allows for host switching and accelerated reassortment, diversification, and spread of virus between otherwise unconnected regions. (cdc.gov)
Aiding and abetting H9N2 in the creation of new viable avian reassortant viruses has been the common practice of housing together many different species of birds and poultry at live bird markets ( LBMs ), where viruses that might never meet up normally in the wild are provided an ideal environment to reassort. (flutrackers.com)
Add in transport and trade of poultry between markets ( LPTs ), and what might have remained local, isolated, outbreaks of a novel avian virus are provided additional opportunities to become regional - or even international - threats. (flutrackers.com)
Most human cases were exposed to A(H5) viruses through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments, including live poultry markets. (who.int)
The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
The continuing prevalence of H7 viruses in poultry could lead to the generation of highly pathogenic variants and further sporadic human infections, with a continued risk of the virus acquiring human-to-human transmissibility. (ox.ac.uk)
In Iran, the H9N2 virus was first isolated from broiler chickens in 1998 in Ghazvin Province and it is the most prevalent subtype of influenza virus in poultry industry in Iran at the present time. (ac.ir)
The G1 viruses are the most widely circulating strains having been detected in wild birds or domestic poultry in 22 countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. (blogspot.com)
Even less is known about avian influenza in domestic poultry in Africa. (blogspot.com)
Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)

Recent human infections with avian influenza virus revealed that H9N2 is the gene donor for H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that are infecting humans too. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, H7N9 influenza viruses continued to reassort with circulating H9N2 viruses, resulting in multiple genotypes of H7N9 viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Recent phylogenetic analysis indicates that the HA segment of the H7N9 subtype is closely related to a strain that was isolated from domestic ducks in Zhejiang, China, in 2011. (cdc.gov)
Little information exists on the status of A, H7N9, virus in wild birds to assess their potential as sources of human infection and dissemination of the virus to new areas. (cdc.gov)
Here we report the historic distribution and prevalence of H7N9 subtypes among wild birds preceding this outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Influenza H7N9 subtypes have been identified among wild birds globally by isolation and by using reverse transcription PCR. (cdc.gov)
In these 48 studies, subtype H7N9 has not been detected in wild birds in these locations in Asia: Russia, Japan, South Korea, or China Furthermore, when subtype H7N9 was detected in Asia, its prevalence was low. (cdc.gov)
H7 subtype, less than .05 percent tested positive for any N9 subtype, and less than .01 percent tested positive for an H7N9 strain, and less than .02 percent tested positive for an H9N2 strain. (cdc.gov)
Since 1988, the HA- and NA-producing genes of avian influenza subtype H7N9 have been deposited in GenBank 12 times, mainly representing isolates collected from wild bird hosts. (cdc.gov)
Variation in the methods used in each study makes a precise calculation of H7N9 subtype prevalence in all wild birds impossible to determine, but given the available data, we conclude that the occurrence of the H7N9 subtype in wild bird populations is rare. (cdc.gov)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - A team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University used genome sequencing as part of its effort to understand the traits and transmissibility of influenza A H7N9 viruses that are behind a spate of human infections in China. (genomeweb.com)
By comparing those sequences with the genomes of five H7N9 viruses involved in human infections, they found hints about the small genetic changes needed to make the H7N9 more virulent and transmissible in mammals. (genomeweb.com)
Together with results from infection studies on chicken, duck, mouse, and ferret models, the genetic profiles generated for the H7N9 viruses hint that fairly small genetic changes could potentially lead to a version of the virus capable of human-to-human transmission. (genomeweb.com)
H]owever, the elimination of the H7N9 virus from nature is a huge and long-term challenge. (genomeweb.com)
More than 130 individuals in China have come down with flu cases involving the avian influenza A virus H7N9 over the past few months, Chen and her co-authors noted, and the virus has been linked to 37 deaths in that country since mid-February. (genomeweb.com)
To get at the genetics behind the newly emerged flu virus subtype, the team sequenced all eight genes that make up the influenza A genome in 37 of the new H7N9 isolates. (genomeweb.com)
Exposure to H7N9 viruses initially isolated from birds did not lead to discernible signs of disease in mice - nor did they produce symptoms in their typical avian hosts such as chickens and ducks. (genomeweb.com)
On the other hand, viruses involved in human H7N9 flu cases in China did appear capable of causing disease in mice: animals infected with those viruses dropped as much as 30 percent of their body weight. (genomeweb.com)
But, they added, results from their analysis indicated that "only a few amino acid changes would be needed to make the avian H7N9 viruses highly transmissible in mammals. (genomeweb.com)
Influenza A virus subtype H7N9 is a novel avian influenza virus first reported to have infected humans in 2013 in China. (inciner8.com)
The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China. (ox.ac.uk)
A novel H7N9 influenza A virus first detected in March 2013 has since caused more than 130 human infections in China, resulting in 40 deaths. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that the H7 viruses subsequently reassorted with enzootic H9N2 viruses to generate the H7N9 outbreak lineage, and a related previously unrecognized H7N7 lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
The deadly Asian H7N9 virus is a far cry from the relatively benign North American H7N9 virus that hit a few farms in 2017. (blogspot.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Influenza A(H9N2) infections in Hong Kong published April 8, 1999. (wikipedia.org)
People's Daily Online - Hong Kong reports human case of H9N2 published March 20, 2007. (wikipedia.org)
Butt KM , Smith GJ , Chen H , Zhang LJ , Leung YH , Xu KM , Human infection with an avian H9N2 influenza A virus in Hong Kong in 2003. (cdc.gov)
90% similar to those of A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2) lineage. (scialert.net)
Over the years the H9N2 influenza strain caused illness in several children aged nine months to 5 years in Hong Kong with the latest occurring in December 2009. (influenzavirusnet.com)
In 1999 a different strain of bird flu virus identified as A (H9N2) infected two people in Hong Kong. (vetcos.com)
Type A virus that caused the 1968 Hong Kong flu epidemic has type 3 H protein molecules and Type 2 N protein molecules and is called A (H3N2). (vetcos.com)

Epidemiological and genetic studies revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H9N2 influenza viruses could be divided into Eurasian avian and American avian lineages. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, within hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes coding for surface glycoproteins used to classify influenza A subtypes, they saw between 99 and 100 percent sequence homology in the set of isolates tested. (genomeweb.com)
Multiple subtypes of AIVs including nine hemagglutinin (HA) and seven neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were isolated form the environmental samples. (biomedcentral.com)
ARBIDOL® (Umifenovir) is an immunomodulating and antiviral drug that is used to treat and prevent influenza, severe acute respiratory syndromes, respiratory syncytial virus and upper respiratory tract infections caused by influenza virus A and B. Arbidol suppresses replication of virus cells and prevent hemagglutinin mediated membrane fusion. (rupharma.com)
Wild aquatic birds serve as natural reservoirs harboring 16 Hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 Neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of influenza A virus. (biomedcentral.com)
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 10 and neuraminidase 7. (umassmed.edu)
B_HAv2017 & B_NAv2016 - Influenza B hemagglutinin and neuraminidase clade nomenclature, data trained in 2017 and 2016 respectively. (cdc.gov)
High impact information on NA This was indicated by the ability of viruses bearing the H2- hemagglutinin glycoprotein, regardless of its associated neuraminidase, to induce lymphocyte proliferation in normal spleen cell suspensions and by the ability of antisera with specificity for the H2- hemagglutinin. (wikigenes.org)

Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
Thus, H9N2 strains can lead to the emergence of novel reassortants with ability to cause potential pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza viruses undergo constant genetic changes and every 10 - 50 years new influenza virus strains emerge that potentially cause a severe pandemic. (uni-marburg.de)
These matriptase inhibitors could be potential lead structures for the development of new drugs against H9 strains for influenza. (uni-marburg.de)
Comparative pathogenesis of peste des petits ruminants virus strains of difference virulence. (vetbionet.eu)
Over time, dozens of clades can emerge for a given subtype, and while some are supplanted by more ` biologically fit' strains, multiple clades can co-circulate. (blogspot.com)
More than 20 strains of Influenza A viruses are identified, based on their difference in protein spikes. (vetcos.com)
New strains of flu virus arise not through mutation but through recombination of genes. (vetcos.com)
Marine mammals can also become infected with avian influenza strains (eg, H10N7 in harbor seals), with subsequent human infection reported. (msdmanuals.com)
Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)

The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
Influenza A(H1N1) was an important cause of morbidity during the 2009 pandemic. (who.int)
A(H1N2) variant viruses and one human case of infection with an influenza A(H3N2) variant virus were reported officially.3 One additional human case of infection with an influenza A(H1N1)v virus was detected. (who.int)
L'HE de Tea tree inhibe la réplication de influenza A⁄PR ⁄ 8 virus subtype H1N1 à 0,0006% (v ⁄ v)1. (memory-therapy.com)

The contribution of H9N2 genes, especially ribonucleoprotein (RNP) genes, to the infection in human needs to be determined. (wikipedia.org)
However, the role of H9N2 against chicken erythrocytes and the presence of complement-related genes in erythrocytes has not been studied. (flu.org.cn)
Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyse the differential expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 10 h after the interaction between H9N2 virus and chicken erythrocytes in vitro and 3, 7 and 14 d after H9N2 virus nasal infection of chicks. (flu.org.cn)
The results confirmed that all the complement-associated genes were expressed in chicken erythrocytes and showed the H9N2 virus interaction with chicken erythrocytes and subsequent regulation of chicken erythrocyte complement-associated genes expression. (flu.org.cn)
Other genes housed a bit more genetic diversity, the study's authors noted, and half a dozen genes showed signs of mixing with sequences from influenza A viruses in the H9N2 subtype. (genomeweb.com)
Partial nucleotide sequencing of the HA and NA genes revealed that all were belonging to the H9N2 subtype. (univ-reunion.fr)
Phylogenetically, the HA and NA genes of the H9N2 viruses from India clustered with those isolated from Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Middle East, although we were not able to conclude on their exact geographic origin. (univ-reunion.fr)
Most of the genes are associated with gull origin influenza virus except PB1 gene, which is most probably derived from Anseriformes virus. (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: In this study, PB1 genes of 4 H9N2 isolates isolated from commercial chicken farms of Iran during the period 1998 to 2011 were partially amplified, sequenced and their amino acid sequences were assigned. (ac.ir)
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence indicates that PB1 genes of H9N2 influenza virus circulating in Iran have not been well conserved during the past years. (ac.ir)
genes from some influenza A viruses of the N1 subtype. (wikigenes.org)
The NA genes of H3N2 viruses used for primary infection or vaccination. (wikigenes.org)

This subtype was not known to cause disease in humans until the outbreak during February in China. (cdc.gov)
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus can infect both chickens and humans. (flu.org.cn)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)
Its replication in humans will provide further opportunities for the virus to acquire more mutations and become more virulent and transmissible in the human population. (genomeweb.com)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
Avian influenza subtype A(HxNy) viruses are zoonotic and may occasionally infect humans through direct or indirect contact, resulting in mild to severe illness and death. (who.int)
Avian influenza (AI) viruses are zoonotic but Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health occasionally infect humans through direct or Emergencies (APSED III). (who.int)
Most updates concerned Ebola virus disease in West Africa, MERS and avian influenza in humans. (who.int)
However, the virus continued to be transmitted from camels to humans, and from humans to humans in health care settings. (who.int)
Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
an unusually dangerous virus for humans. (inciner8.com)
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has issued a task order under an existing contract to Chiron Corporation of Emeryville, CA, for the production of an investigational vaccine based on an H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus that has infected humans and has the potential to trigger a modern-day pandemic. (influenzavirusnet.com)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
There are 3 general types of flu viruses distinguished with their capsid (inner membrane) proteins as Type A, B and C. Type A flu virus cause most serious flu epidemics in humans, other mammals and birds. (vetcos.com)
Type B and C viruses are restricted to humans and cause only mild infections. (vetcos.com)
The bird flu virus, which passed to humans directly from bird, is with Type 5 H protein and type 1 N protein. (vetcos.com)
Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)

H9N2 viruses isolated from chickens in China showed antigenic drift that evolved into distinct antigenic groups. (wikipedia.org)
Centre announced that the virus had been detected in samples collected from a pigeon and chickens at a market in Shanghai. (cdc.gov)
In the present study, we investigated whether a non-pathogenic H9N2 virus, A/chicken/Yokohama/aq-55/2001 (Y55) (H9N2), acquires pathogenicity in chickens when a pair of di-basic amino acid residues is introduced at the cleavage site of its HA molecule. (biomedcentral.com)
More than 75% of chickens inoculated intravenously with the passaged virus, rgY55sub-P10 (H9N2), died, indicating that it is pathogenic comparable to that of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) defined by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). (biomedcentral.com)
The chickens inoculated with the virus via the intranasal route, however, survived without showing any clinical signs. (biomedcentral.com)
16] YITBAREK A,WEESE J S,ALKIE T N,et al.Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 infection disrupts the composition of intestinal microbiota of chickens[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2017,94(1):1-10. (chvm.net)
The discovery here of a related H7N7 influenza virus in chickens that has the ability to infect mammals experimentally, suggests that H7 viruses may pose threats beyond the current outbreak. (ox.ac.uk)
To determine the extent of animal influenza virus circulation in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, and Togo, we initiated systematic year-round active influenza surveillance in backyard birds (predominantly chickens, guinea fowl, and ducks) and pigs. (blogspot.com)
South Africa has had numerous outbreaks of many distinct influenza subtypes in chickens and ostriches, including H5N2, H5N3, H6N2, H9N2, H10N7, and H6N8 ( 3 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)

Our findings support the continuous evolution of avian H9N2 viruses towards human as host and are in favor of effective surveillance and better characterization studies to address the issue. (wikipedia.org)
The present study reports the isolation and characterization of H9N2 isolates from the southern parts of the country during the period between May 2010 and September 2011. (univ-reunion.fr)
With a TMPRSS2 dependancy of HA-activation of certain subtypes, the characterization of this protease is an important prerequisite for being available as a target for influenza drug design. (uni-marburg.de)
Characterization of the LDL-A module mutants of Tva, the subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications in protein folding. (uchicago.edu)
Further characterization of the virus from the patient is planned. (who.int)

Total number of influenza (H9N2) isolates with a similar HI pattern. (cdc.gov)
The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
We delineated the genomes, receptor binding profile and HB sites of NA gene of these field isolates and we also established their phylogenetic relationship to the other Asian H9N2 lineages. (scialert.net)
After inoculation in chicken eggs, they were left with a couple hundred flu virus isolates. (genomeweb.com)
When they compared the genomes to one another and to sequences from five human viruses - including an isolate called A/Anhui/1/2013 from the current outbreak in China - the researchers determined that much of the genome was similar across the isolates. (genomeweb.com)
RESULTS: According to phylogenetic study on PB1 gene, two different groups can be distinguished among these Iranian H9N2 isolates. (ac.ir)
The H9N2 isolates that are based on analysis of amino acid sequences of Iranian H9N2 isolates have some substitutions that are found in human and mouse adapted isolates. (ac.ir)
It seems that H9N2 isolates may show a trend to infect mammalian hosts. (ac.ir)
Phylogenetic study on Iranian Avian influenza H9N2 isolates', Journal of Veterinary Research , 68(1), pp. 47-52. (ac.ir)

The first human infection with low pathogenic avian influenza A H10N3 virus was reported in China in June 2021 49, 50 . (cdc.gov)
Also in April 2022, the first human infection with low pathogenic avian influenza A H3N8 virus was reported in China. (cdc.gov)
highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that causes severe disease with high mortality and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) that generally causes asymptomatic infection or a mild disease. (univ-reunion.fr)
However, the ecology and evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in this region are limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza A viruses, except for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 and H7 subtype viruses, usually cause mild or even asymptomatic infection among birds (known as low pathogenic avian influenza). (biomedcentral.com)
The data of the ecology and distribution of influenza A virus subtype, especially the low pathogenic avian influenza subtypes in the Qinghai Lake region is lacking. (biomedcentral.com)

By contrast, HAs of LPAIVs are cleaved only by trypsin-like proteases which are expressed in the cells lining the respiratory or intestinal tracts, so that the viruses cause only localized infections, resulting in mild or asymptomatic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
2022. During this period, there were 1972 human infections with nine different A(HxNy) subtypes notified in the WPR. (who.int)
The Human infections with A(HxNy) are commonly detected number of cases varied from two to nine per year during via sentinel surveil ance systems, such as influenza-like 2014-2020, but then increased to 37 cases in 2021. (who.int)
Recurrent infections of animal hosts with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posted a persistent threat. (biomedcentral.com)
2020). Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. (harmoni-desk.com)
Human infections with viruses of animal origin are expected at the human-animal interface wherever these viruses circulate in animals. (who.int)
All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
Cinnamomum camphora à cinéole (ravintsara), une plante au service de la prévention des infections nosocomiales en milieu hospitalier? (memory-therapy.com)
Influenza is one of the most significant causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

Cocirculation of avian H9N2 and contemporary "human" H3N2 influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: potential for genetic reassortment? (cdc.gov)

One of the shared characters between these three viruses is that they all probably originated in bats, which firmly establishes that bats are an important source of highly lethal zoonotic viruses. (mdpi.com)
overall, however, these viruses did not replicate to high titers throughout the respiratory tract of mice and ferrets.IMPORTANCE Bats are reservoirs for several severe zoonotic pathogens. (cdc.gov)

It is important for controlling avian influenza and for preparing for pandemic influenza to assess whether the H9N2 virus aquires pathogenicity as H5 and H7 viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

During 2020, five human cases of HPAI H5N6 virus infection were reported in China. (cdc.gov)
During 2021, China reported 36 cases of human infection with HPAI H5N6 virus with 18 deaths. (cdc.gov)
Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)
Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)

Several subtypes of avian influenza viruses (H7N7 61, 63 , H4N5 62 , H4N6 60 , H3N3 60 and H10N7 59 ) have caused epidemics in seals. (cdc.gov)
Again in 2003 bird flu virus A (H7N7) infected 80 people in Netherlands killing one. (vetcos.com)

Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. (mdpi.com)
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that intrasubtype reassortment of genome segments is involved in the genesis of the A/H9N2 virus. (unair.ac.id)
Waterfowl parvoviruses, including goose parvoviruses (GPVs), Muscovy duck parvoviruses (MDPVs) and the variant viruses of GPVs and MDPVs, were renamed as Anseriform dependoparvovirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and have been assigned to the genus Dependoparvovirus in subfamily Parvovirinae under family Parvoviridae based on similarities in phylogenetic properties ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ). (biomedcentral.com)
The phylogenetic correlation and molecular characteristics of the viruses were analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was phylogenetic analysis of the PB1 gene of H9N2 AI virus isolated from broiler flocks in Iran during the period 1998-2011. (ac.ir)

In addition, selected monobasic as well as dibasic compounds demonstrated strong suppression of the replication of certain H9N2 influenza viruses in a matriptase-expressing MDCK II cell model. (uni-marburg.de)
Mutations in the Neuraminidase-Like Protein of Bat Influenza H18N11 Virus Enhance Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells, Mice, and Ferrets. (cdc.gov)
Hypericin, irè mgwa amịpụtara si Hypericum perforatum, nwere ịrịba mgbochi DNA, RNA virus mmetụta, nwere ike na-emetụta kpọmkwem avian influenza, ezì fever, ụkwụ na ọnụ ọrịa na ndị ọzọ na nje DAN, nnyonye anya na replication nke virus, amụba na nwere ike inhibitory utịp ke virus. (herbal-ingredients.com)
18] PERUMBAKKAM S,HUNT H D,CHENG H H.Marek's disease virus influences the core gut microbiome of the chicken during the early and late phases of viral replication[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology.2014,90:300-312. (chvm.net)
22] KUSS S K,BEST G T,ETHEREDGE C A,et al.Intestinal microbiota promote enteric virus replication and systemic pathogenesis[J].Science,2011,334(6053):249-252. (chvm.net)
The Neuraminidase (N) help the daughter virus break free of host cell once the virus Replication is completed. (vetcos.com)
Each has 'hotspots' that display an unusual tendency to change as a result of mutation of the virus RNA during imprecise replication sometimes. (vetcos.com)

This research investigated the effect of H9N2 on complement-associated gene expression in chicken erythrocytes. (flu.org.cn)
This study reported, for the first time, the relationship between H9N2 and complement system of chicken erythrocytes, which will provide a foundation for further research into the prevention and control of H9N2 infection. (flu.org.cn)
rgY55sub (H9N2), which had four basic amino acid residues at the HA cleavage site, replicated in MDCK cells in the absence of trypsin after six consecutive passages in the air sacs of chicks, and acquired intravenous pathogenicity to chicken after four additional passages. (biomedcentral.com)
In South Korea, H9N2 subtype has been endemic since 2000 and the infection is mainly controlled through the use of an oil adjuvanted inactivated H9N2 vaccine, which has dramatically decreased the incidence of H9N2 infection in chicken farms [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The nucleic acid of influenza A-positive samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation. (biomedcentral.com)
There is limited information about microRNAs (miR-NAs) in H9N2 subtype influenza virus-infected chicken cells or tissues. (geneticsmr.com)
Samples of wild bird feces and lake surface water were collected in Qinghai Lake in year 2012.Virus isolation was conducted on embryonated chicken eggs. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a combination of active surveillance, screening of virus archives, and evolutionary analyses, here we show that H7 viruses probably transferred from domestic duck to chicken populations in China on at least two independent occasions. (ox.ac.uk)
Image taken during the virus' first developmental passage through a chicken egg. (medscape.com)

Trypsin-like serine proteases are crucial for influenza activation by mediating the cleavage of the viral surface glycoprotein HA and hence promoting the fusion potential of the virus. (uni-marburg.de)
Mohammad, A., & Mehmood, D. In Vivo Anti-Viral Effect of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree Oil) and Olea europaea (Olive Leaf Extract) on Vero Cell Adapted Avian Influenza Virus. (memory-therapy.com)

Finally, we estimate the sample size necessary to detect this low pathogenicity strain of avian influenza virus in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
We also conclude that sample sizes adequate to detect the virus among wild birds will be in the tens of thousands. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza is a highly infectious and dynamically evolving disease of birds causing high morbidity and mortality. (univ-reunion.fr)
The interspecies reassortment of H13 subtype virus among Anseriforme sand Charadriiformes wild birds emphasizes the importance of strengthening avian influenza surveillance in this region. (biomedcentral.com)
The viruses in migratory wildfowl may spillover to birds or mammals, or reassort with other influenza A viruses, causing diseases with pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2014, in PLoS Path: Genetics, Receptor Binding, and Transmissibility Of Avian H9N2 researchers found evidence of Chinese H9N2 viruses binding preferentially to alpha 2,6 receptor cells - the type commonly found in the human upper respiratory tract - rather than to alpha 2,3 receptor cells which are found in the gastrointestinal tract of birds. (flutrackers.com)
A(H5) subtypes continue to be detected in birds in Africa, Europe and Asia. (who.int)
Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
This Influenza virus is infectious to all species of animals and birds: Human Influenza, Swine Influenza, Equine Influenza, Avian Flu etc are the different names. (vetcos.com)

Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
This report gives an account of actions taken by the Secretariat within the framework of the Regulations regarding the international response in 2015 to public health events and emergencies - in particular, Ebola virus disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), poliomyelitis and avian influenza. (who.int)
Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
Influenza viruses cause a broad array of respiratory illnesses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children. (medscape.com)

It has been difficult to eradicate the H9N2 virus because of its low pathogenicity, frequently causing in apparent infection. (biomedcentral.com)
It is important for the control of AI to assess whether the H9N2 virus acquires pathogenicity as H5 and H7 viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
The virus growth and infection features, receptor binding preference were studied, and pathogenicity in vitro as well as. (biomedcentral.com)

This event is a typical example of the global transmission of avian influenza viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
2. What is the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A(H5) viruses? (who.int)

NOBILIS® H9N2 P is an inactivated vaccine against Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H9N2. (msd-animal-health.com)
In conclusion, we show that SG delivering M2eCD40L can act as a bivalent vaccine against FT and H9N2 infection and further studies are warranted to develop this SG-M2eCD40L vaccine as a broadly protective vaccine against avian influenza virus subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivated vaccine (W/O) contains Newcastle Disease Virus Strain V4+ Avian Influenza Virus subtype H9N2 + Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) that is emulsiﬁed in oil adjuvant for stimulating strong and long-lasting immunity against Newcastle Disease, Avian Influenza- H9N2 and IBD. (pasouk.ir)
Newpasol 103® is a trivalent vaccine for the prevention of Newcastle Disease, Avian inﬂuenza (subtype H9N2), and Infectious Bursal Disease. (pasouk.ir)
Moreover, we found that these viruses were antigenically similar to and well matched with the H5-Re14 vaccine strain currently used in China. (blogspot.com)
There are 13 distinct H subtypes and 9 distinct N subtypes each of which require a different vaccine to protect against infection. (vetcos.com)

Relatively little is known about the emergence, prevalence, and circulation of animal influenza viruses in Africa. (blogspot.com)
There is no recent evidence of influenza infection in pigs in West Africa. (blogspot.com)

Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
Bird flu virus is an RNA virus, which resembles a short rod studded with two kinds of protein spikes such as the Haemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N). (vetcos.com)
Haemagglutinin (H) protein aids the virus in gaining access to the host cell Interior. (vetcos.com)

Peiris M , Yuen KY , Leung CW , Chan KH , Ip PLS , Lai RWM , Human infection with influenza H9N2. (cdc.gov)

Since 1998 a total of 86 cases of human infection with H9N2 viruses have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)

In October-November 2020, HPAI H5N8 virus was detected in several swans, seals, and a fox in the United Kingdom 64 . (cdc.gov)
In March 2021, there were reports of HPAI H5N8 virus in seals in the United Kingdom, Germany 58 , and Denmark. (cdc.gov)

This antigenic drift may have led to immunization failure and may explain the current prevalence of the H9N2 influenza virus in China. (wikipedia.org)
The identification of amino acids in H9 antigenic sites revealed different distribution of antigenic areas among other subtypes. (wikipedia.org)
viruses, an arrest of significant evolution of the NA discordant with the continuing antigenic drift of HA was found in the 1980- 1983 period. (wikigenes.org)

Influenza Research Database Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information. (wikipedia.org)
Virus sequences were acquired by deep sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)

Ongoing challenges include inadequate reporting of asymptomatic cases that had tested positive for the virus, lack of information- sharing and inadequate implementation of infection control measures. (who.int)

Genetically and antigenically, AIV exist as multiple subtypes based on the two glycoproteins (HA and NA) on the virion surface. (scialert.net)

We also examine the prevalence of individual H7, N9, and H9N2 subtypes in Asia. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic and seasonal distributions of AIVs in the 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous region (PMA) of China, compare the AIVs prevalence in different collecting sites and sampling types, analyze the diversity of AIVs subtypes in environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype" by people in this website by year, and whether "Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

During January through April 2022, China reported four cases of LPAI H9N2 virus infection, three in children and one in an adult, all with mild illness. (cdc.gov)
In March 2022, Cambodia reported a case of LPAI H9N2 virus infection in a young child who was hospitalized for one day. (cdc.gov)

The H9N2 subtype is the widely circulated LPAI type in the world. (univ-reunion.fr)
TMPRSS2 is widely discussed for its role in influenza activation. (uni-marburg.de)

Preliminary analyses suggest that the virus is a reassortant of H7, N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses, and carries some amino acids associated with mammalian receptor binding, raising concerns of a new pandemic. (ox.ac.uk)

In May 2021, China reported the first case of LPAI H10N3 virus infection in an adult who became critically ill but recovered. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, three new subtypes A(H7N4), A(H10N3) and A(H3N8) notified from the People's Republic of China were the first ever recorded globally. (who.int)

Multiple amino acid positions in HA protein related to the antigenicity of H9N2 viruses were identified, most of which located in the distal head of the HA trimer. (wikipedia.org)
The hemadsorbing site of neuraminidase had up to 3 amino acid substitutions and is different from those of earlier Iranian viruses. (scialert.net)
I]t is difficult to conclude which amino acid substitution alone makes the virus highly transmissible," the study's authors concluded. (genomeweb.com)

Inactivated Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H9N2, strain A/CK/UAE/415/99. (msd-animal-health.com)
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Strain Name? (pasouk.ir)
In April 2003, a Dutch veterinarian working in a farm infected with bird flu virus of H7 strain died of pneumonia. (vetcos.com)

Influenza is one of the commonest infectious diseases affecting millions of people every year including 290,000 - 650,000 heavy casualties. (uni-marburg.de)

So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)
To characterize bat influenza H18N11 virus, we propagated a reverse genetics-generated H18N11 virus in MDCK II cells and detected two adapting mutations in the neuraminidase (NA)-like protein (NA-F144C and NA-T342A, N2 numbering) that increased virus titers in three mammalian cell lines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
The PB1 protein of influenza A viruses is an important host range and virus virulence determinant. (ac.ir)

This increase in reassortant avian viruses appears to coincide with recent evolutionary changes in H9N2, which include increased mammalian adaptation. (flutrackers.com)

During 2021, 24 cases of LPAI H9N2 virus infection were identified in China, including 19 mild cases in children, two mild cases in adults, and three severe cases requiring hospitalization in adults, including one death. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy17

Organisms98

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care13

Geographicals3

H5N152

Poultry41

H7N924

Hong Kong7

Hemagglutinin8

Strains12

H1N16

Genes12

Humans22

Chickens9

Characterization5

Isolates9

Pathogenic avian influenza6

Infections11

H3N21

Zoonotic2

Pandemic influenza1

H5N64

H7N72

Phylogenetic5

Replication7

Chicken9

Viral2

Birds10

Respiratory4

Pathogenicity3

Transmission of avian influenza2

Vaccine6

Africa2

Haemagglutinin3

Infection with influenza1

Cases of human infection2

H5N82

Antigenic3

Sequences2

Asymptomatic1

Multiple subtypes1

Prevalence2

H10N73

20222

Widely2

Analyses1

H10N32

Amino3

Strain3

Infectious1

Protein3

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