• Even if an effective vaccine against avi- managerial representatives of all 15 hospitals in the north- an infl uenza (H5N1) would be available ( 1 ), preparation for ern Netherlands region, training courses were organized for a pandemic is still vital to maintain optimal care for acute- pandemic infl uenza. (cdc.gov)
  • With no vaccine to protect against influenza infection and no antibiotics to treat associated secondary bacterial infections, control options worldwide were limited to non-pharmaceutical interventions. (who.int)
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a federal advisory committee that develops recommendations for the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on use of vaccines to control diseases in the United States, would serve as the advisory committee for developing recommendations for use of pandemic vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • To mitigate this threat, the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) was tasked with undertaking an accelerated pandemic vaccine initiative for the new H1N1 virus, much of which was funded by national and provincial agencies. (genomebc.ca)
  • The United States should strongly support universal influenza vaccine (UIV) development. (csis.org)
  • Until UIV is achieved, the United States should take specific steps to embrace the modernization of seasonal influenza vaccine production, boost vaccine demand and confidence, and ensure close collaboration with partners in the global influenza system. (csis.org)
  • Several countries in the southern hemisphere-such as Australia, Chile, and South Africa-have experienced mild influenza seasons due to increased influenza vaccine uptake and other protective measures in place as a result of Covid-19. (csis.org)
  • However, other experts fear that the United States will not experience the same decreases in influenza cases due to the inconsistent adoption of Covid-19 prevention measures and historically low influenza vaccine uptake. (csis.org)
  • For these reasons, it is critical that the United States strengthens its influenza vaccine infrastructure and encourages vaccine confidence and demand immediately-even as it grapples with another viral crisis. (csis.org)
  • That is good news," said NFID Medical Director William Schaffner, MD . "In the midst of a pandemic, people should be more motivated than ever before to get a flu vaccine. (nfid.org)
  • While we are seeing progress in flu vaccine uptake in the United States, it is not enough," said Daniel B. Jernigan, MD, MPH , director of the Influenza Division in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at CDC. (nfid.org)
  • Conclusions No associations were observed between exposure to pH1N1 influenza vaccine during pregnancy and most five year pediatric health outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • In an effort to lessen the worldwide morbidity and mortality that such a strain will cause, public health experts from federal, state, and local agencies have developed state and local guidelines to prepare for the next influenza pandemic and its anticipated vaccine shortage and disruption of social and community services. (proliberty.com)
  • The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
  • This Fast Five Quiz was excerpted and adapted from the Medscape articles Influenza Virus Vaccine Quadrivalent , Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Clinical Presentation , Influenza , Laboratory Diagnostics and Testing Guidance for COVID-19 , and Remdesivir . (medscape.com)
  • Patients with influenza who have preexisting immunity or who have received vaccine may have milder symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the regimen of a CTL-based vaccine / vaccine -component may benefit from periodic boosting to achieve fully protective, asymptomatic influenza infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • How safe and effective is the AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine in children? (medscape.com)
  • Influenza Vaccine The influenza virus vaccine helps protect against influenza. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ACIP's 2014 Adult Immunization Schedule for influenza vaccine includes information about the recombinant influenza vaccine and addresses the use of this vaccine and the inactivated influenza vaccine in patients with egg allergy. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza vaccine provides reasonable protection against immunized strains. (medscape.com)
  • Historically, influenza vaccine has had 50%-60% efficacy against infection with influenza A viruses and 70% efficacy against influenza B viruses. (medscape.com)
  • the vaccine had 47% efficacy against the predominant influenza A H3N2 subtype and 67% efficacy against influenza B virus infections. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza vaccine is also available as a nasal spray (FluMist) that contains live, attenuated influenza virus (LAIV). (medscape.com)
  • Her research currently focuses on modeling historical and contemporary pandemics and emerging infectious diseases, population transitions to long healthy lives, "big data" in health, and vaccine program evaluation. (lu.se)
  • Guidance for targeting vaccination defines population groups in four broad categories that correspond with the objectives of a pandemic vaccination program - to protect people who: 1) maintain homeland and national security, 2) provide health care and community support services, 3) maintain critical functions of society, and 4) are in the general population. (cdc.gov)
  • Reflecting public values and the need to address multiple important objectives with the pandemic vaccination program, each of the top tiers includes populations from all four categories for a very severe pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • The table below provides further definition of population groups for pandemic vaccination by tier for a pandemic with a high or very high level of severity, the estimated size of the group, and a brief description of the working group's rationale for prioritizing that group. (cdc.gov)
  • the tiered schema outlined in this document will be adapted to provide guidance on targeted vaccination during the pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Of more immediate concern, experts warn that if Americans do not practice appropriate prevention measures such as seeking influenza vaccination, washing their hands, social distancing, and wearing a mask, circulating seasonal influenza and Covid-19 will exacerbate one another, adding further strain to an already overburdened health system. (csis.org)
  • vii The CDC released a report in mid-September predicting that Covid-19 interventions and influenza vaccination could reduce influenza transmission in the 2020-2021 season. (csis.org)
  • For example, only 49 percent of Americans got an influenza vaccination in 2018-2019. (csis.org)
  • Now more than ever, flu vaccination is critical to not only protect individuals and communities, but also to reduce the burden of flu on our healthcare system as we continue to fight the COVID-19 pandemic," said Marla Dalton, CAE , NFID executive director and chief executive officer. (nfid.org)
  • While vaccination remains the best way to prevent influenza, antiviral medications are an essential adjunct to vaccination-especially for treating outpatients with suspected or confirmed influenza, in persons at high risk for influenza complications, in those with progressive disease, and hospitalized influenza patients. (cdc.gov)
  • While the pandemic, and the panic, are over, COVID-19 cases are rising across the U.S. prompting concern about a return to mass vaccination, masking and even lockdowns. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Objective To determine whether any association exists between exposure to 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccination during pregnancy and negative health outcomes in early childhood. (bmj.com)
  • Results Of 104 249 live births, 31 295 (30%) were exposed to pH1N1 influenza vaccination in utero. (bmj.com)
  • Antiviral therapy and vaccination are important strategies for controlling pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) but efficacy depends on the timing of administration and is often limited by supply shortage. (flutrackers.com)
  • Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. (jmir.org)
  • Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. (jmir.org)
  • Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. (jmir.org)
  • Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. (jmir.org)
  • Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well. (jmir.org)
  • The current UK policy for the distribution of scarce vaccination in an influenza pandemic is ethically dubious. (bmj.com)
  • The state should give the vaccination, in the first instance, to those who are at risk of catching the pandemic flu in the line of their duties of public employment. (bmj.com)
  • In the late 1990s, in the context of renewed concerns of an influenza pandemic, countries such as Ghana and Malawi established plans for the deployment of vaccines and vaccination strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examine the public health policy perspectives on vaccination as a means to prevent the spread of infection under post pandemic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of vaccination to interrupt the pandemic influenza was affected by delays in the procurement, delivery and administration of vaccines, suboptimal vaccination coverage, refusals to be vaccinated, and the politics behind vaccination strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More generally, rolling-out of vaccination after the transmission of the influenza virus had abated was influenced by policymakers' own financial incentives, and government and foreign policy conditionality on vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For most policymakers, vaccination coverage was perceived as successful, despite that vaccination delays and coverage would not have prevented infection when influenza was at its peak. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the vaccination strategy was problematic and implemented too late to reduce the effects of the 2009 epidemic, policy makers supported the overall goal of pandemic influenza vaccination to interrupt infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The influenza virus constantly mutates, limiting the impact of protection by vaccination, and immunity conferred in one pandemic influenza period will not reliably prevent new infections by an antigenically drifted strain [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • School-located influenza vaccination programs have the potential to mass-vaccinate all enrolled children, but will parents give consent? (medscape.com)
  • To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. (medscape.com)
  • Specific recommendations for individuals who should be immunized can be obtained from the CDC, which publishes regular updates of this information (see Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Resources for Health Professionals). (medscape.com)
  • The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare the acute vulnerabilities in the United States' health security policies and capacities. (csis.org)
  • In fact, 28 percent reported that the COVID-19 pandemic makes them more likely to get vaccinated against flu this year. (nfid.org)
  • During this COCA call, clinicians will hear an overview of CDC's recommendations for health care providers regarding influenza diagnostics and the use of antiviral medications for the 2020-2021 influenza season, including considerations during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Review influenza activity since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • But what few records remain or were even created (and, also, can be accessed remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic) are mostly reports, articles and speeches from WMCP faculty and staff months after the events they describe. (drexel.edu)
  • In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic a little more than a century later, it's easy to look back at the 1918 pandemic to make comparisons. (drexel.edu)
  • The images, collected from regional archives across the country, hold striking similarities to the current COVID-19 pandemic and offer valuable lessons on how to contain it. (hyperallergic.com)
  • While the COVID-19 pandemic has not taken as many lives to date, nevertheless, there are still many parallels between the 1918 pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic nowadays. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Also, at the same important, is the latest study of the navigation of cancer surgery care in limited-resource countries during COVID-19 pandemic by Sumadi Lukman Anwar, MD, Ph.D. from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Influenza A viruses can occasionally be transmitted from wild birds to other species, causing outbreaks in domestic poultry, and may give rise to human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The propagation of influenza viruses throughout the world is thought in part to be by bird migrations, though commercial shipments of live bird products might also be implicated, as well as human travel patterns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now we know that it is caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). (wikipedia.org)
  • An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of a new influenza A virus that is very different from current and recently circulating human seasonal influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A viruses are constantly changing, making it possible on very rare occasions for non-human influenza viruses to change in such a way that they can infect people easily and spread efficiently from person to person . (cdc.gov)
  • Monitoring and assessing influenza viruses and illness. (cdc.gov)
  • While the Covid-19 crisis is far from over, we cannot afford to be complacent about what has long been understood to be a principal health security threat: influenza viruses. (csis.org)
  • i The costs of pandemics and novel viruses are even more staggering. (csis.org)
  • Seasonal influenza is defined as predictable outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by various influenza viruses that spread from person to person. (csis.org)
  • However, it is not possible to predict influenza activity or the severity of the upcoming influenza season in the United States with the potential for co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe influenza testing guidance for patients with acute respiratory illness for the 2020-2021 season, including during community co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe antiviral treatment recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza for the 2020-2021 season, including during community co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Coverage extends from Pfeiffer's 1892 bacillus theory, to the multidisciplinary effort to isolate the virus (1919-1933), to the reconstruction of the H1N1 viral genome from archival and exhumed RNA (1995-2005), to the emergence of H5N1 and H7N9 avian viruses (1997-2014).This book demonstrates that pandemic fiction has been more than a therapeutic medium for survivors. (mcfarlandbooks.com)
  • Although remdesivir is not efficacious in combatting influenza viruses, it has no known drug interactions with oseltamivir. (medscape.com)
  • Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 2004. NISN statement on antiviral resistance in influenza viruses. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
  • UNLABELLED Novel influenza viruses often cause differential infection patterns across different age groups , an effect that is defined as heterogeneous demographic susceptibility. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the recognition of conserved epitopes across influenza subtypes by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) limit influenza disease , we hypothesized that conservation of CTL antigenic peptides (Ag-p) in viruses circulating before the pH2N2-1957 may have resulted in differential CTL immunity . (bvsalud.org)
  • We compared viruses isolated in the years preceding the pandemic (1941 to 1957) to which children and adults were exposed to viruses circulating decades earlier (1918 to 1940), which could infect adults only. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consistent with phylogenetic models, influenza viruses circulating from 1941 to 1957, which infected children , shared with pH2N2 the majority (â ¼89%) of the CTL peptides within the most immunogenic nucleoprotein , matrix 1, and polymerase basic 1, thus providing evidence for minimal pH2N2 CTL escape in children . (bvsalud.org)
  • Preexisting T cell immunity directed at conserved viral regions, however, can provide protection against influenza viruses , promote rapid recovery and better clinical outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study supports development of vaccines that prime and boost T cells to elicit cross- strain protective T cells , especially tissue -resident memory T cells , for lifelong immunity against distinct influenza viruses . (bvsalud.org)
  • How does the early occurrence of influenza epidemics impact outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses? (medscape.com)
  • of the lungs and airways with one of the influenza viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are many different strains within types A and B influenza viruses but all cause similar illness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CDC works to improve global prevention and control of seasonal and novel flu, and to improve pandemic flu preparedness and response. (cdc.gov)
  • We anticipate that the presentations and discussion at this side event will expand participants' awareness of pandemic influenza progress and challenges, which may build potential increased political and financial support for pandemic influenza preparedness and response, and inform Member State discussions on a WHA decision. (who.int)
  • In 2006, the NIEHS Worker Training Program (WTP) awarded four avian and pandemic influenza preparedness training supplemental grants to augment WTP training programs with modules and outreach information to protect potential high-risk populations involved in pandemic and avian influenza preparedness and response. (nih.gov)
  • In the biennium 2018-2019, the US$ 31 million budget for Partnership Contribution pandemic preparedness activities is being used to strengthen capacities in 72 countries, as well as to support regional and global preparedness and response capacity-building. (who.int)
  • Strengthening pandemic-influenza preparedness and response : application of international health regulations (2005) : follow up : report by the Secretariat. (who.int)
  • WHO works with the MoHP to provide seasonal influenza vaccines to vulnerable groups, including health workers in fever and chest hospitals, people working in poultry farms, rapid response teams, veterinarians and pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia for Hajj. (who.int)
  • To address this threat, there are concrete steps the United States should take to combat chronic challenges with influenza vaccines. (csis.org)
  • v In preparation, the CDC has purchased 9.3 million additional doses of influenza vaccines for uninsured adults as compared to last year's 500,000. (csis.org)
  • As in the CPIP, the following components of pandemic preparedness will be addressed in Annex B: surveillance, vaccines, antivirals, health services emergency planning, public health measures and communications. (canada.ca)
  • Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. (jmir.org)
  • How effective are seasonal influenza vaccines in tropical communities? (medscape.com)
  • The quadrivalent influenza vaccines contain an additional B strain, B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage), in addition to the 3 viral strains listed above. (medscape.com)
  • An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a large proportion of the population. (wikipedia.org)
  • We factor in the notion that the number of ning for an epidemic or pandemic consists of maintaining HCWs will be reduced because of increased absenteeism, essential public services, e.g., by the police, fi re depart- which in turn affects the utilization of intensive-care beds ments, army personnel, and healthcare workers. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Netherlands a major part of preparedness planning a dominant role in the region to organize and coordinate for an epidemic or pandemic, e.g., avian infl uenza A, healthcare surge capacity during a catastrophe such as an consists of maintaining essential services provided by the avian infl uenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records containing the age-specific numbers of cases and deaths of influenza from 1918-19, (ii) an outbreak record of influenza in a Swiss TB sanatorium during the pandemic, and (iii) the age-dependent TB mortality over time in the early 20th century. (hindawi.com)
  • In September, after one week of college work, the epidemic of influenza, like a specter of death, was upon us almost overnight, and three days after the disease was made reportable by the Board of Health our hospital was full to overflowing with victims of the pestilence, and our Senior, Junior and Sophomore students were released from class work and mobilized for hospital service. (drexel.edu)
  • It is an oddity of history that the influenza epidemic of 1918 has been overlooked in the teaching of American history," the National Archives says on its website . (hyperallergic.com)
  • Microorganism, microscopic bacteria, pandemic virus, epidemic germs under magnifying glass vector medical and contamination concept. (clipart.com)
  • A pandemic is a major worldwide epidemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In an influenza epidemic, many people get sick within a very brief period of time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While we now have many more tools to combat outbreaks - including pharmaceutical interventions for prevention and treatment, national public health institutes with capacities including outbreak surveillance and response, and international coordination to prevent and mitigate pandemics - influenza still presents a potential pandemic health threat and many lessons remain to be learned. (who.int)
  • Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans: read the situation analysis and advice to countries from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The past decade has seen increasingly frequent and severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, as described in the Summary and Assessment. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The diversity of these responses, and their resulting outcomes, offer important lessons for the control of future avian flu outbreaks-a key protection against a human pandemic. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The strain of influenza virus causing outbreaks is always changing slightly, so that each year the influenza virus is a little different from the previous year's. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Find tools to help hospital administrators and state and local health officials prepare for the next influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • There have been three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, initially observed in 1918, 1957, and 1968, respectively, referred to as the Spanish (H1N1), Asian (H2N2), and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An early-onset, severe form of influenza A (H3N2) made headlines when it claimed the lives of several children in the United States in late 2003. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector (CPIP) is a guidance document developed to assist in the preparation for and response to an influenza pandemic in all jurisdictions in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most influenza strains can be inactivated easily by disinfectants and detergents. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, this practice served to promote the evolution of more virulent viral strains over those that produced mild illness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding why some strains of avian influenza virus can manage this evolutionary trick but others do not will eventually allow us to better predict the human pandemic threat posed by each new virus as it emerges. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Reassortment between influenza A(H7N9) and local H9N2 strains has spread from China's south-east coast to other regions. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Its occurrence is unpredictable, the virus spreads rapidly in urban areas and through travel, and populations' lack of immunity to novel influenza strains can result in a rapid spread [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Due to a lack of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies , children are particularly susceptible to influenza infections caused by novel viral strains . (bvsalud.org)
  • Influenza type A strains are named based on the specific versions of two proteins present on the surface of the virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2 strains of influenza A and 1 of influenza B are included for trivalent vaccinees. (medscape.com)
  • The National Pandemic Flu Service (NPFS) has issued antiviral drugs to patients with an influenza-like illness who call or log onto the internet site without direct clinical assessment or virological evidence of infection with novel H1N1 (1). (bmj.com)
  • Critical to protect national security, unable to tolerate projected pandemic personnel loss and fulfill mission, potential greater risk of infection due to geographic location and crowded living or working conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • infected healthcare personnel may transmit infection to vulnerable persons hospitalized for non-influenza illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • infected health care personnel may transmit infection to vulnerable persons receiving care for non-influenza illness. (cdc.gov)
  • This live, interactive satellite broadcast will update local, state, and national plans, describe the federal role in the case of pandemic influenza as well as provide recommendations for antiviral drug use and triage and infection control measures. (proliberty.com)
  • Acute encephalopathy has been associated with influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • This household study identifies risk factors of infection by the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, epidemiological factors, such as the WWI practice of packing soldiers with severe influenza illness into field hospitals while soldiers with mild illness stayed outside on the battlefield, are an important determinant of whether or not a new strain of influenza virus will spur a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the most serious pandemic and its epidemiological features is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of severe influenza outcomes and possibly planning effective countermeasures in the future. (hindawi.com)
  • Although severe influenza may be associated with a dysregulated innate immune response, the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapies such as tocilizumab and other interleukin 6 inhibitors for its treatment is uncertain. (medscape.com)
  • Read about the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, a new platform that can provide annual data on severe influenza for a wide range of populations. (medscape.com)
  • The Government of Egypt has taken the threat of pandemic influenza seriously and developed the National Influenza Pandemic Executive Committee (NIPEC). (who.int)
  • The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
  • Washington, DC- According to the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan, MD, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic is over. (uspharmacist.com)
  • WHO supports the implementation of the National Plan through building capacity in surveillance and monitoring of human cases of avian influenza and ensuring a rapid response. (who.int)
  • WHO and FAO have established a platform for joint risk assessment on avian influenza where both epidemiological and virological surveillance data are shared regularly and a risk assessment report is developed. (who.int)
  • This genomic and metagenomic research project aimed to pilot a genomic surveillance program for influenza. (genomebc.ca)
  • This article synthesizes and extends discussions held during an international meeting on "Surveillance for Decision Making: The Example of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1," held at the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics (CCDD), Harvard School of Public Health, on June 14 and 15, 2010. (nih.gov)
  • We define the needs for surveillance in terms of the key decisions that must be made in response to a pandemic: how large a response to mount and which control measures to implement, for whom, and when. (nih.gov)
  • We describe other inputs to decision making besides epidemiologic and surveillance data, and we conclude with key lessons of the 2009 pandemic for designing and planning surveillance in the future. (nih.gov)
  • Influenza surveillance data reported to the World Health Organization's FluNet platform from three Southern Hemisphere countries (Australia, Chile, and South Africa) indicated low influenza activity during June through August 2020, months that comprise the typical Southern Hemisphere influenza season. (cdc.gov)
  • The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on global influenza surveillance: insights from 18 National Influenza Centers based on a survey conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. (nivel.nl)
  • National Influenza Centers (NICs) have played a crucial role in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. (nivel.nl)
  • The survey, designed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the influenza surveillance system, was shared with 36 NICs located across 22 countries. (nivel.nl)
  • The survey shows the profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 on national influenza surveillance in the first 27 months of the pandemic. (nivel.nl)
  • However, most NICs have shown rapid adaptive capacity underlining the importance of strong national influenza surveillance systems. (nivel.nl)
  • [ 11 ] Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Flu pandemics happen when a new (novel) flu A virus emerges that is able to infect people easily and spread from person to person in an efficient and sustained way, and to which most of the world's population do not have immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • ii) Cytokine storm, that is, hyperreaction of the immune system that could potentially cause severe damages in the host, might explain the more severe outcomes observed among young adults (who have stronger immunity) and fewer deaths observed in children and elderly (who have weaker immune system) [ 10 ], although the findings have mainly stemmed from experimental studies of avian influenza in nonhuman hosts. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study suggests that protection against H2N2-1957 pandemic influenza was most likely linked to the number of influenza virus infections prior to the pandemic challenge rather than differential preexisting CTL immunity . (bvsalud.org)
  • When we asked whether high susceptibility of children (compared to adults ) to the pandemic H2N2 influenza strain was associated with immune evasion from T-cell immunity , we found high conservation within T-cell antigenic regions in pandemic H2N2. (bvsalud.org)
  • An influenza pandemic is by definition the emergence of an influenza virus A, with efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission, globally, in populations with no immunity or with limited immunity. (who.int)
  • The 13 November 2009 worldwide update by the WHO stated that "[a]s of 8 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported [503,536] laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6,250 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • WHO offers technical support to the NIPEC and participated in the development of the Integrated National Plan for avian and pandemic influenza in response to the rapid spread of avian influenza and pandemic influenza, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (who.int)
  • One strain of virus that may produce a pandemic in the future is a highly pathogenic variation of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. This 1918 influenza pandemic, caused by the Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, produced the greatest influenza (flu) death toll in recorded history. (thegospelcoalition.org)
  • Epidemiology, production losses, and control measures associated with an outbreak of avian influenza subtype H7N2 in Pennsylvania (1996-98). (nationalacademies.org)
  • For example, the Legacy Center's Public History Virtual Intern Ari McManus, a graduate student at Temple University, recently wrote a blog post, " Woman's Medical College vs. The 1918 Flu Pandemic ," summarizing the 1918 global pandemic, how it unfolded in Philadelphia and the role WMCP played in treating influenza patients during that time. (drexel.edu)
  • 1918 influenza pandemic is the fountainhead virus which gave a background to the major global pandemic which had taken the lives of millions of people worldwide", said Prof. Siddarth Candra. (ugm.ac.id)
  • A flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new flu A virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The last flu pandemic occurred in 2009 when a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to humans from another animal species. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced a six-stage classification that describes the process by which a novel influenza virus moves from the first few infections in humans through to a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • This starts with the virus mostly infecting animals, with a few cases where animals infect people, then moves through the stage where the virus begins to spread directly between people, and ends with a pandemic when infections from the new virus have spread worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • While sometimes confused with the common cold, influenza is a much more severe disease and is caused by a different type of virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, influenza is transmitted from infected mammals through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus, and from infected birds through their droppings. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three influenza pandemics occurred during the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people, with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Influenza pandemics arise every few decades from an aleatoric event of nature that gives opportunity for an animal virus to adapt to man. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The Emergency Committee said that the virus probably will continue to circulate for some years, taking on the behavior of a seasonal influenza virus. (uspharmacist.com)
  • i) The influenza (H1N1) virus responsible for the 1918-19 pandemic was closely related to foregoing H1N1 virus(es) that might have widely circulated earlier than 1918. (hindawi.com)
  • This project was initiated prior to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, in anticipation that the convergence of pandemic influenza ("swine flu" virus), seasonal influenza and the games threatened to create a public health challenge in BC. (genomebc.ca)
  • In the midst of a historic coronavirus pandemic, it may be difficult to believe that another virus could pose a threat to the public health and economic security of the American people. (csis.org)
  • The low influenza activity observed in the Southern Hemisphere might reflect the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • Meng Z , Han R , Hu Y , Yuan Z , Jiang S , Zhang X , Xu J . Possible pandemic threat from new reassortment of influenza A(H7N9) virus in China. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus re-emerged in China in December 2013, after a decrease in the number of new cases during the preceding six months. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Known as the Spanish Flu, or the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, it was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. (hyperallergic.com)
  • CDC promotional literature for the program stated, Epidemiologists agree that the probability is high that another dangerous new strain of the influenza virus will emerge. (proliberty.com)
  • In 1918, scientists were debating the most basic questions about influenza, including whether a virus or a bacterium caused it. (ugm.ac.id)
  • the benefits of corticosteroids for patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection outweigh the harms. (medscape.com)
  • The World Health Organisation is concerned that an avian influenza and a human influenza virus might mix. (civildefence.govt.nz)
  • Such a new influenza virus could spread rapidly around the world, infecting many people. (civildefence.govt.nz)
  • These findings indicate that domestic ducks in southern China played a central role in the generation and maintenance of H5N1 and that wild birds spread the virus across Asia, to the point where it is now endemic in the region-an ecological niche from which it now presents a long-term pandemic threat to humans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 2004. Structure of the uncleaved human H1 hemagglutinin from the extinct 1918 influenza virus. (nationalacademies.org)
  • A Role of Influenza Virus Exposure History in Determining Pandemic Susceptibility and CD8+ T Cell Responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Regional Office for Africa had already launched a programme to combat the potential spread of the novel influenza virus at the end of April 2009. (who.int)
  • Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)
  • What are the diagnostic practices for influenza and other respiratory virus in U.S. hospitals and laboratories? (medscape.com)
  • Um Influenza A und B zu diagnostizieren, wird standardmäßig ein Nasen- und/ oder Rachenabstrich gemacht und eine Kultur angelegt, in der das Virus nachgewiesen werden soll. (medscape.com)
  • 2018 marks the centenary of the worst infectious disease outbreak to have affected modern man, the Spanish influenza pandemic. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919-the worst widespread outbreak in recorded history-claimed an estimated 100 million lives globally. (mcfarlandbooks.com)
  • Most cases present with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, headache, general body weakness and tiredness.2 In addition, diarrhoea which is not a known characteristic of seasonal influenza has been reported among confirmed cases in many countries.3 A substantial proportion of the severe cases in the new influenza A (H1N1) outbreak involve young and healthy adults, unlike in seasonal influenza. (who.int)
  • This year, 2018, marks the 100th commemoration of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic (1918 "Spanish flu"), the most severe pandemic in recent history, infecting more than one third of the world's population and causing an estimated 50-100 million deaths - more than World Wars I and II combined. (who.int)
  • (https://www.who.int/influenza/pip/2016RGRecTracking_Oct2018.pdf, accessed 10 December 2018). (who.int)
  • One of the most pressing scientific questions of the epidemiology of Spanish influenza is the atypical W-shaped curve seen in the age-specific mortality [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As Professor of Epidemiology and head of the PandemiX Center at Roskilde University in Denmark, Lone Simonsen worked closely with Danish health authorities investigating and proposing ways to optimize efforts against the pandemic. (lu.se)
  • The paper complements the existing literature on urban pandemic severity with comprehensive evidence from mostly rural parishes. (ehs.org.uk)
  • Some patients with influenza develop rhinitis of varying severity, but it generally is not the chief symptom. (medscape.com)
  • Pandemic Infl uenza and Excess Hospital Workload pandemic in the Netherlands on hospital admission and oc- transformed the ratios of illness and death of the population cupancy rate of all ICU beds (i.e., those with facilities for over time on the HCW database. (cdc.gov)
  • personnel at increased risk of exposure to persons with pandemic illness, and also increased work load to respond to the pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Type C does not cause a typical influenza illness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In one study, symptomatic illness attributable to influenza decreased from 12% to about 4% with the use of these measures. (medscape.com)
  • Further experiments using the murine model of B- cell -deficient mice showed that multiple influenza infections resulted in superior protection from influenza -induced morbidity , coinciding with accumulation of tissue -resident memory CD8(+) T cells in the lung . (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the number of influenza infections prior to the challenge was linked to protective, asymptomatic infections and establishment of tissue -resident memory T cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Washington, DC (October 1, 2020)-New data released today by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) showed that only 59 percent of US adults said they planned to get vaccinated against influenza (flu) during the 2020-2021 flu season. (nfid.org)
  • Using a new dataset linking census data on childhood household characteristics to adult outcomes from military enlistment records, I show that families with a child in utero during the pandemic shifted resources to the child's older siblings, leading to significantly higher educational attainments for these older siblings. (repec.org)
  • Childhood health and sibling outcomes: Nurture Reinforcing nature during the 1918 influenza pandemic ," Explorations in Economic History , Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 22-43. (repec.org)
  • Corticosteroids, used to treat severe COVID-19, may be associated with poor outcomes for influenza. (medscape.com)
  • What patient factors were predictors of adverse outcomes among children diagnosed with h1n1 during the 2009 pandemic? (medscape.com)
  • 100 years later, read about the 1918 flu pandemic and the advancements in flu prevention and control efforts since then. (cdc.gov)
  • In the June, 1999 edition of The Idaho Observer, we printed a story based upon shocking revelations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding the inevitability of a world-wide influenza pandemic and the police-state mechanisms that will be triggered to handle the resultant chaos. (proliberty.com)
  • The next influenza pandemic: Not if, but when is the central message of the annual 'Preparing for the Next Influenza Pandemic' satellite broadcast sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (proliberty.com)
  • Are minority groups more or less likely to adopt influenza prevention behaviors? (medscape.com)
  • Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. (medscape.com)
  • [ 51 ] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • On 11 June 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a pandemic (Stage 6) by the WHO after evidence of spreading in the southern hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • This could result in a new strain of influenza that could easily be passed from person to person. (civildefence.govt.nz)
  • The newly emerged influenza A (H1N1) strain which has not not circulated previously in humans is easily transmitted from one person to another and from one country to another. (who.int)
  • Thus, a strain might be named influenza A, H1N1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An H1N1 strain was responsible for the so-called swine flu pandemic in 2009-2010. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Also, influenza affects cells much deeper down in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A large dependence on poultry as the main form of animal protein consumption in the normal diet means that highly pathogenic avian influenza also poses a significant threat to food security. (who.int)
  • It is imperative that content of algorithms and their implementation are critically evaluated in order to optimise any future response to a pandemic, and it should be ensured that a concise history covers prior travel history, immunosuppression and drug exposure comprehensively. (bmj.com)
  • The purpose of Annex B is to provide guidance to pandemic planners, at all levels of government, regarding influenza pandemic considerations in on reserve First Nations communities. (canada.ca)
  • Incorporating the broad range of considerations outlined in this annex into influenza pandemic plans will support an effective response. (canada.ca)
  • The annex highlights the importance for on reserve First Nations communities to work with their neighbouring communities and regional, provincial and federal governments to develop, test and implement their influenza pandemic plans. (canada.ca)
  • This occurred during the A/H2N2 pandemic , when children experienced higher influenza attack rates than adults . (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of the National Pandemic Influenza Plan was to limit the effects of a potential pandemic, inform the public about pandemic influenza, explain what the government and the health services are doing to prepare for a possible pandemic and give information on what members of the public need to do if there is a pandemic. (gov.ie)
  • Avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, is an infectious viral disease of birds. (who.int)
  • The most important reason to be optimistic about the global experience with COVID-19 is that we have much better technology preparation to confront a viral pandemic today than we were in 1918. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Then, even more alarmingly, 34 human cases of H5N1 avian influenza-a highly pathogenic flu that has ravaged poultry stocks in several Asian countries-were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Der handelsübliche Influenza A-Schnelltest erfasst das H5N1-Vogelgrippevirus nicht. (medscape.com)
  • they also mitigate the adverse economic consequences of a pandemic. (hyperallergic.com)
  • Being well prepared is critical to ensuring that on reserve First Nations communities can mitigate the effects of an influenza pandemic. (canada.ca)
  • fourth session in Ethiopia in early May 2009, urged Member States to mobilise the necessary logistics and financial resources needed to mitigate the potential impact of an influenza pandemic in Africa. (who.int)
  • Part B: The Action Plan summarises the phases (both international and New Zealand-specific) of a pandemic and provides guidance on the potential actions relevant to each phase, the individuals or agencies responsible for those actions, and the authority under which actions can be taken. (health.govt.nz)
  • it is meant to provide broad guidance to pandemic planners. (canada.ca)
  • This guidance is an update of WHO global influenza preparedness plan, the role of WHO and recommendations for national measures before and during pandemics, published by WHO in March 2005. (bvsalud.org)
  • The epidemiological mechanisms behind the W-shaped age-specific influenza mortality during the Spanish influenza (H1N1) pandemic 1918-19 have yet to be fully clarified. (hindawi.com)
  • We fit this model to the reported influenza mortality during the 1918 pandemic in 334 UK administrative units and estimate the epidemiological parameters. (nih.gov)
  • Yet, history has proven the reality of this threat with influenza pandemics in 1918, 1957-58, 1968, and 2009. (csis.org)
  • Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (who.int)
  • Influenza poses one of the world's greatest infectious disease challenges. (cdc.gov)
  • Pandemic influenza preparedness is essential for reducing the potential for and scale of international health emergencies, saving lives and providing a global safety net against the disease that poses the greatest risk of causing another pandemic. (who.int)
  • The present study aimed to develop a formal hypothesis: tuberculosis (TB) was associated with the W-shaped influenza mortality from 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
  • The data (iii) were analyzed by employing the age-period-cohort model, revealing harvesting effect in the period function of TB mortality shortly after the 1918-19 pandemic. (hindawi.com)
  • The most devastating pandemic known in human history is the Spanish influenza 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
  • Before and after the 1918-19 pandemic, the W-shape was not observed. (hindawi.com)
  • That is, one of the distinguishing features of the 1918-19 pandemic was the unusually high estimate of mortality among young adults. (hindawi.com)
  • This paper studies the effect of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic on fertility using a historical dataset from Sweden. (iza.org)
  • The most recent, the 2009 swine flu pandemic, resulted in under 300,000 deaths and is considered relatively mild. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, today, we are using the same measures to prevent the spread of the disease as people took in 1918 to prevent the spread of influenza. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The addition of a new indication for Tamiflu as treatment of influenza in infants below 1 year of age is not expected to lead to a significant increase in environmental exposure even following widespread use of oseltamivir in the newly indicated population. (janusinfo.se)
  • Ocular symptoms develop in some patients with influenza and include photophobia, burning sensations, or pain upon motion. (medscape.com)
  • In some cases, patients with influenza may be bedridden. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with influenza generally benefit from bed rest. (medscape.com)
  • The next pandemic preparedness program from the CDC is scheduled to be broadcast via satelite to the nation's public health personnel July 13, 2000. (proliberty.com)
  • The use of algorithms to remotely diagnose and issue antiviral drugs is indispensable during a pandemic where the case burden threatens to paralyse the healthcare system and helps to reduce nosocomial spread. (bmj.com)
  • Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pandemic of 1918-20 - commonly known as the Spanish flu - infected over a quarter of the world's population and killed over fifty million people. (unu.edu)
  • Other pandemic and interpandemic influenza disproportionately killed infants and elderly, most commonly yielding the U-shaped (or J-shaped) age-specific mortality curve. (hindawi.com)
  • Most commonly, this is influenza pneumonia. (medscape.com)