Influence antigens surface. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim of this study is to investigate traditional Chinese medicine syndrome (TCMS) patterns and their association with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). (hindawi.com)
The HDV virions possess an outer layer containing hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and host lipid surrounding the inner nucleocapsid that consists of viral RNA. (researchsquare.com)

Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
We assembled soluble cognate and noncognate pMHC class I (pMHC-I) ligands at designated ratios on various scaffolds into oligomers that mimic pMHC clustering and examined how multivalency and density of the pMHCs in model clusters influences the binding to live CD8 T cells and the kinetics of TCR signaling. (edinst.com)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Particle-enhanced assays are based on the reaction between a soluble analyte and the corresponding antigen or antibody bound to polystyrene particles. (cdc.gov)
For poorly soluble particles, nanoscaling increases surface area per unit mass that interacts with biological structures, generally increasing toxicity (Hubbs et al. (cdc.gov)

By interaction with extracellular matrix components, growth factors, enzymes, and their inhibitors, they regulate and influence tissue distribution of the cells and biological activities of the proteins. (exbio.cz)
A conditioning film, the pellicle, of which many salivary proteins areimportant constituents, covers the surfaces present in the mouth. (avhandlingar.se)
Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced proteins that target specific antigens on the cancer cell's surface to interfere with the cell's function and destroy it. (lls.org)
they are found in crude mucus gels that protect epithelial surfaces in the major tracts of the body and as transmembrane proteins expressed on the apical cell surface of glandular and ductal epithelia of various organs. (bmj.com)
In humans, MHC proteins are encoded by the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), a group of more than 200 genes located closely together on the short arm of chromosome 6. (antibodies-online.com)
MHCs are proteins that extend out from a cell's surface and whose main role is to discriminate between our cells and foreign ones. (scienceabc.com)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Antibodies recognize specific configurations (epitopes, or antigenic determinants) on the surfaces of antigens (eg, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). (msdmanuals.com)

ACIP also recommends that vaccinated HCP receive postvaccination serologic testing (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs]) 1-2 months after the final dose of vaccine is administered (CDC. (cdc.gov)

Changes in the sequence of glycosylation of mucins in different settings generate a variety of epitopes in the oligosaccharide side chains of mucins, including newly expressed blood-group antigens, distinguishing between normal and diseased states. (bmj.com)
Tumour-associated epitopes on mucins and their antigenicity make them suitable as immunotargets on malignant epithelial cells and their secretions, creating a surge of interest in mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers for various diseases, and even influencing the design of mucin-based vaccines. (bmj.com)
for example the MHC Class II antibody based on clone IVA12 recognizes the shared epitopes of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins comprised of an α (heavy) chain and a β (light) chain. (antibodies-online.com)
The same antibody molecule can cross-react with related antigens if their epitopes are similar enough to those of the original antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

The secondary signal is CD40L (CD154) on the Th1 cell which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
The 53-5.8 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the β chain of the CD8 differentiation antigen (Ly-3.2 or Lyt-3.2) of most mouse strains, having weak reactivity with Ly-3.1 strains (e.g. (bdbiosciences.com)
Activated complement factor C3d binds to both antigen and to cell surface receptor CD21. (reactome.org)

As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface which helps increase the level of activation. (wikipedia.org)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
A number of receptors and cell adhesion molecules play a key role in modifying the response of cells of lymphoid origin (such as B-, T- and NK cells) to self and tumor antigens, as well as to pathogenic organisms. (reactome.org)
Antigen-antibody complexes may anchor to the cell via a small number of lymphoid-specific Fc receptors that may, in turn, influence cell function further. (reactome.org)
Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
In 1940, Linus Pauling proposed his template theory of antibody formation, one of many such theories that rejected Paul Ehrlich's selective theory of preformed "receptors" (antibodies), assuming instead a direct molding of antibody shapes onto that of the antigen. (ucpress.edu)
Different MHC receptors will display different antigen peptide fragments, so having a larger repertoire of MHC receptors will result in immunity against a greater range of pathogens. (scienceabc.com)

The B-cell receptor consists of an Ig molecule anchored to the cell's surface. (msdmanuals.com)

In this approach a nonradiolabeled bispecific monoclonal antibody (bs-mAb) with antitumor-associated antigen (TAA) and antihapten specificity is injected in the first phase. (snmjournals.org)
A critical aspect that determines the success and quality of data obtained from an ELISA is dependent on the affinity and specificity of antibody-antigen interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)

First, changes in immunity and physiol- immunologic tolerance to paternally derived fetal antigens ogy during pregnancy may make pregnant women more is achieved despite an apparently adequate maternal susceptible to or more severely affected by infectious dis- defense against infection. (cdc.gov)
Third, prophylaxis and treatment appropriate for the gen- the maternal immune system may tolerate fetal antigens by eral population might not be appropriate for pregnant suppressing cell-mediated immunity while retaining nor- women. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we focus on the recent developments related to influence of diet on this "Gut-Lung axis" as well as discuss the impact of different types of diet on gut microbiota and how they influence lung immunity as well as lung diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings provide evidence of host genetic influences on upper airway microbial composition in humans and implicate mucosal immunity genes in this relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding how host genetic variation shapes the microbiome and how the microbiome ultimately functions to modulate host immunity are fundamental questions that are central to fully characterizing the architecture of many common diseases that occur at mucosal surfaces, including those involving the airway. (biomedcentral.com)

While doing the experiments method they used to make an mAbs is now called CD40 which is a surface receptor of B cells which is able to that can be polyclonally activated by a binding ligand. (wikipedia.org)
Heterogeneous antigen expression is a key barrier influencing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. (nature.com)
Invariant natural killer T ( i NKT) cells, also known as type I or classical NKT cells, are a distinct population of T cells that express an invariant a β T-cell receptor (TCR) and a number of cell surface molecules in common with natural killer (NK) cells. (immunology.org)
Noncognate or self peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands productively interact with T-cell receptor (TCR) and are always in a large access over the cognate pMHC on the surface of antigen presenting cells. (edinst.com)

Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their activation. (wikipedia.org)
The basis of the experiment was an attempt to produce mouse mAbs against differentiation antigens that could be used to describe the stages of lymphocyte differentiation and the various functional cell subsets. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, many features and purposes of the CD40 signaling pathway in B cells were made determined to the detection of CD40 ligand (CD154) which was determined as a T cell surface molecule which is capable of induction of contact dependent differentiation of B cells. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously shown that the sialic acid-containing (Sia + ) fraction of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) influences cell surface marker expression and cytokine/ chemokine secretion during the differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). (scirp.org)

activated CD4+ T cells primarily exhibit its ligand CD154, antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, macrophages, classical and non-classical monocytes, on a variety of non-immune cells including platelets and endothelial cells, and on several types of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. (nature.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
The effect of bs-mAb-diDTPA-bs-mAb (DTPA is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) bridging at the tumor cell surface on the internalization of the bs-mAb-diDTPA complex was investigated in SK-RC-52 tumor-bearing mice. (snmjournals.org)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against tumor-associated antigens have excellent characteristics to target tumor cells selectively ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
DCs transfected with tumor-associated antigens are capable of stimulating antigen-specific T cells, but cytolytic responses have been disappointing. (duke.edu)

Opsonins are often antibodies or components of the complement pathway that bind to the surface of target organisms to facilitate this phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
Major histocompatibility complex class III associations have also been observed, as has a high frequency of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. (medscape.com)
Antibodies and antigens fit tightly together because their shape and other surface properties (eg, charge) are complementary. (msdmanuals.com)

Surface modulation in cell recognition and cell growth. (academicinfluence.com)

The mouse monoclonal antibody HepSS-1 (also known as HepSS1) recognizes N-sulfated heparan sulfate (extracellular antigen) present in many species. (exbio.cz)
Kure S, Yoshie O: A syngeneic monoclonal antibody to murine Meth-A sarcoma (HepSS-1) recognizes heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HS-GAG): cell density and transformation dependent alteration in cell surface HS-GAG defined by HepSS-1. (exbio.cz)

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)

This occurs through the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex molecules increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD86/CD80, and upregulation of TNF superfamily ligands on the dendritic cells surface, along with secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12), which promotes CD8+ T cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike conventional T cells, which mostly recognise peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules, i NKT cells recognise glycolipid antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d . (immunology.org)
Abnormal expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in the placenta may trigger the initiating immunologic event in this organ, which is followed by cross-reactivity with an antigen present in the skin and the characteristic cutaneous signs of the disease. (medscape.com)

When an antigen (germ or toxin) enters a cell, it is broken down by intracellular enzymes into little pieces called peptide fragments. (scienceabc.com)

Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing. (academicinfluence.com)

In such cases, the far-reaching influence of CD19 on B-lymphocyte function is tempered by its interaction with CD21. (reactome.org)

The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects. (wikipedia.org)
CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
CD40 also interacts with CD40L, due to the role of CD40 in stimulating immune synapses when this interaction happens with CD40L activates dendritic cells to activate antigen specific T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of DC surface CD40 influences DC cytokine production, particularly that of interleukin (IL)-12, which favors a Th1 (cytotoxic) helper T cell response. (duke.edu)

Dr. Richard Markham's laboratory focuses on HIV infection through mucosal surfaces. (jhu.edu)
Dr. Andrew Pekosz studies the pathogenesis of influenza virus at mucosal surfaces with the goal of identifying viral antigens that can be used in a vaccine that will blunt the impact of new viral variants. (jhu.edu)

In this study we have addressed the influence of two phase-variable surface structures, antigen 43 and type 1 fimbriae, on colony morphology. (dtu.dk)
[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)

Kure S, Yoshie O, Aso H: Metastatic potential of murine B16 melanoma correlates with reduced surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan. (exbio.cz)
METHODS: Human monocyte-derived DCs were cultured and transfected with mRNA encoding full-length melanoma-associated antigen, Mart-1, and matured with and without sCD40L. (duke.edu)

ELISAs that use direct detection methods require an immobilized antigen that is bound directly to the surface of an assay plate or indirectly by a capture antibody, followed by an antigen-specific primary antibody conjugated to an enzyme, and the detection substrate. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)

the encoded protein exhibits 72 percent amino acid identity with HVS13 , an open reading frame from a T lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri, and 63 percent with mouse CTLA-8 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-8). (thermofisher.com)

Their respective clinical diagnoses are asymptomatic carrier, hepatitis B e antigen- (HBeAg-) positive hepatitis, inactive carrier, and HBeAg-negative hepatitis. (hindawi.com)

Forming a specialized epithelial surface to hormonal factors that affect the Th1-Th2 balance, within the placenta, fetal syncytiotrophoblast cells directly macrophages present at the maternal-fetal interface release contact maternal blood for nutrient exchange. (cdc.gov)
Antigen-antibody interactions are influenced by numerous factors, including pH, temperature, and ionic strength. (sigmaaldrich.com)
To clarify clinicopathologic differences between patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and identify potential factors influencing survival after hepatectomy for ICC. (nih.gov)
Similar to the traits it influences, the microbiome itself can be considered a complex phenotype with environmental and genetic factors contributing to its composition [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2013). Importantly, the functional size of NPs in vivo is highly influenced by two factors 1) the agglomeration state, and 2) binding of biological material to the NP surface, creating a biomolecular corona. (cdc.gov)
The ability of factor VIIa to cleave other clotting factors depends on binding to its cofactor tissue factor (TF), which is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and monocytes in response to injury or inflammation. (medscape.com)
Factor VII plasma levels are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. (medscape.com)

The B cell can present antigens to helper T cells. (wikipedia.org)
The T cell also produces IL-2, which directly influences B cells. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we develop CAR T cells targeting glypican-1 (GPC1), an oncofetal antigen expressed in pancreatic cancer. (nature.com)
Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response of other organs. (frontiersin.org)
Although i NKT cells are rare in the human blood pool, comprising just 0.01-1% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), they are important immunoregulatory cells rapidly producing large amounts of cytokines that can influence other immune cells. (immunology.org)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
Chung JS, Shiue LH, Duvic M, Pandya A, Cruz PD Jr, Ariizumi K: Sézary syndrome cells overexpress syndecan-4 bearing distinct heparan sulfate moieties that suppress T-cell activation by binding DC-HIL and trapping TGF-beta on the cell surface. (exbio.cz)
On the other hand, surface reactivity and the ability of some smaller GO sheets to interact more readily with immune cells seem to be key parameters that can be tuned to improve the safety profile of GO. (springer.com)
Somatic cells are also able to report internal functional impairment by displaying surface stress markers such as MICA. (reactome.org)
Furthermore, there are a number of avenues through which lymphoid cells may interact with antigen. (reactome.org)
and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein. (nature.com)
Herein, we demonstrate that adsorptive immobilization via a cationic polymeric interlayer is a competitive and fast technique for the binding of the capture protein streptavidin onto planar SiO 2 surfaces such as REA biochips. (hindawi.com)
Together, they form a functional protein complex called the HLA-DR antigen-binding heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)
the viable epidermis has been achieved, and protein adducts have been formed, there is a need for antigen processing. (cdc.gov)

In fact, quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches have successfully identified variation in candidate host genes that influence the RA of specific bacteria not only in Drosophila and mice but also in humans [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The MHC genes are present on our 6th chromosome and are also known as the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) complex. (scienceabc.com)
The HLA-DRB1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)

CAR T-cell potency is highly dependent on target antigen expression, and CARs often fail to exert their antitumor activities when antigen expression is low or below a certain threshold. (nature.com)
The induction of sensitization and internalize antigen encountered in the skin and to and the elicitation of allergic contact reactions are transport it, via afferent lymphatics, to regional lymph dependent upon, and are orchestrated by, T lympho- nodes. (cdc.gov)

Diverse populations of microorganisms inhabit nearly every surface of the human body, and these complex assemblies of microbes reflect host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

The present study examined the effects of Sia + IgG on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocyte and macrophage surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. (scirp.org)
Indirect detection benefits from increased immunoreactivity with the target antigen as the conjugated enzyme element is only present on the secondary antibody. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Class I HLAs present peptides from inside the cell whereas class II HLAs present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. (antibodies-online.com)
2 These observations point towards a potential influence of different HLA composition - the haplotype - in the present SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. (antibodies-online.com)
CRP present in the test sample will form an antigen-antibody complex with the latex particles. (cdc.gov)

Our data indicate that the Sia + fraction of IVIG possesses the ability to influence inflammatory processes in multiple immune cell types and induces novel signatures in cell surface marker expression and cytokine/chemokine production. (scirp.org)
D. Bruder, E. , O. Richards, J. , M. Michel, K. and Oaks, M. (2016) Differential Effects of Alternative Glycoforms of IgG on Human Monocytes and Macrophages: Sialylated IgG Induces Novel Expression Signatures of Cell Surface Markers, Cytokines, and Chemokines. (scirp.org)

CONCLUSIONS: CD40L augments DC IL-12 secretion and is essential to potentiate specific antimelanoma cytolytic responses stimulated by the Mart-1 antigen. (duke.edu)

We further interrogated whether tuning the surface reactivity of GO by testing different dispersions (5% dextrose instead of 0.5% BSA) may change the biological outcome. (springer.com)

Antigens are foreign substances that evoke an immune response. (medscape.com)
Immunomodulators influence the immune system function by suppressing or stimulating immune response. (lls.org)
The sex of an individual is a fundamental factor that influences exposure, susceptibility and the immune response to influenza virus. (jhu.edu)

Influence of various types of dietary components on gut microbiome and associated physiological changes. (frontiersin.org)
While the influences of environmental exposures on microbiome composition are well known, the degree to which host genetics plays a role in structuring microbial communities is less well understood. (biomedcentral.com)

E. Pushchina and D. Obukhov, "Interaction of Atoms with Grain Surfaces in Steel: Periodic Dependence of Binding Energy on Atomic Number and Influence on Wear Resistance," Engineering , Vol. 4 No. 10B, 2012, pp. 76-79. (scirp.org)

The study suggested that it was because when women are on birth control, the change in their hormonal levels influences such decisions. (scienceabc.com)
A hormonal influence for these mucosal lesions has been postulated. (medscape.com)

Finally, some particles contribute to altered immunologic and allergic responses by functioning as adjuvants or by enhancing the environmental dispersal of antigens (Beezhold et al. (cdc.gov)

In macrophage-colony stimulating factor (MCSF) generated macrophages, Sia + IgG induced increased production of numerous cytokines/ chemokines including IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, and IL-10, and the expression of the macrophage surface marker CD163. (scirp.org)
Such recruitment coincided with the greater ability of s-GO to interact in vivo with peritoneal macrophages and was associated with a greater surface reactivity in comparison to l-GO. (springer.com)

Classical class I and class II Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) are leading candidates for infectious disease susceptibility. (antibodies-online.com)
Human Leukocyte Antigen Susceptibility Map for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (antibodies-online.com)

Cellular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

After a complex process of education and maturation, a circulating lymphocyte can bind to an antigen. (medscape.com)
A role for the involvement of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens seems likely because of the association with human leukocyte antigens DR3 and DR4. (medscape.com)

Professor Dr. Fidel Zavala's research focuses on defining the appropriate parasite antigens and the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to eliminate malaria during its early stages of development. (jhu.edu)

Some new products of nanotechnology, such as the carbon nanotubes, combine biopersistence with a high aspect ratio and surface reactivity, suggesting that these nanoparticles may share toxicity features with asbestos (Donaldson and Poland, 2012). (cdc.gov)

Sia + IgG also increased the expression of cell surface markers associated with macrophage polarization (e.g. (scirp.org)
Background: Cell surface sialylation is emerging as an important feature of cancer cell metastasis. (udg.edu)
The transfectants' E-selectin binding capacity was proportional to cell surface sialyl-Lewisx levels. (udg.edu)

Lobular capillary hemangiomas (pyogenic granulomas) occur on both mucosal and cutaneous surfaces. (medscape.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

HBsAg2

Soluble5

Proteins8

Antibody to hepatitis B surface1

Epitopes4

Binds3

Receptors7

Cell's surface1

Specificity2

Immunity5

Receptor4

Differentiation4

Tumor6

Antibodies3

Recognition1

Monoclonal2

Pathogen1

Molecules3

Peptide1

Molecule1

CD191

CD404

Mucosal surfaces2

Structures2

Melanoma2

Bound1

Fragments1

Cytotoxic1

Asymptomatic1

Factors7

Cells11

Protein4

Genes3

Dependent2

Interactions1

Present5

Induces2

Specific1

Biological1

Immune response3

Microbiome2

Interaction1

Hormonal2

Responses1

Macrophages2

Susceptibility2

Molecular components2

Complex2

Cellular1

Reactivity1

Cell surface3

Occur1