We've found an average of two new viruses are appearing in humans each year and that the Coronaviridae , Flaviviridae , Togaviridae , Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae virus families are likely to be the source of the next pandemic. (www.csiro.au)
Viral infection5
This paper describes a novel mouse model that recreates the transition of pneumococci from asymptomatic carriage to disease upon viral infection. (lu.se)
Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. (jefferson.edu)
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. (lookformedical.com)
The basic process of viral infection and virus replication occurs in 6 main steps. (scienceagainstevolution.org)
Family11
Orthomyxoviridae (from Greek ὀρθός, orthós 'straight' + μύξα, mýxa 'mucus') is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae contain six to eight segments of linear negative-sense single stranded RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza virus is a respiratory virus that is part of the Orthomyxoviridae family. (who.int)
The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE causing influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
Hantavirus Infection Hantaviridae are a family of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which consists of at least 4 serotypes with 9 viruses causing 2 major, sometimes overlapping, clinical syndromes: Hemorrhagic. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza?A infections will be the prototype from the family members Orthomyxoviridae and still have a genome of eight single-stranded RNA sections of bad polarity. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Pathogens5
Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
Etiology The role of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in nosocomial infections is increasing. (uni-luebeck.de)
Antimicrobial treatment Empiric combination therapy is only recommended for patients with severe HAP (invasive ventilation, septic shock) and high risk of infection with MDR pathogens, since combination therapy has only been shown to be superior in this situation. (uni-luebeck.de)
In this respect, the possibility of exceeding species specificity by viral pathogens and extending the spread of infection ways is not ruled out. (worldaquacultureconference.com)
Influenza has a history as one of the world's most serious pathogens, with yearly regional infections and episodic global pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
Streptococcus1
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an asymptomatic colonizer of the nasopharynx in most individuals but can progress to a pulmonary and systemic pathogen upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection. (lu.se)
Disease9
We therefore propose that the synergistic stimulation of type I IFN production during concurrent influenza virus and pneumococcal infection leads to increased bacterial colonization and suggest that this may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans. (nih.gov)
thus, it may be possible for transmission to occur via asymptomatic persons or persons with subclinical disease, who may be unaware that they have been exposed to the infection. (medscape.com)
They can be further broken down into subtypes depending on the combination of the proteins on their surface (e.g. influenza A) or different lineages (e.g. influenza B). Infection with influenza viruses causes influenza disease. (who.int)
Methods: We established a mouse vaccination model that allows control of disease severity after influenza virus infection despite inefficient induction of virus-neutralizing antibody titers by vaccination. (mssm.edu)
By separating carriage and disease into distinct steps and providing the opportunity to analyze the genetic variants of both the pathogen and the host, this S. pneumoniae/IAV co-infection model permits the detailed examination of the interactions of an important pathobiont with the host at different phases of disease progression. (lu.se)
Here we present a case of influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection in a 60-year-old man with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. (nebraska.edu)
When the virus first was recognized, the symptoms mimicked those of a respiratory infection or another respiratory disease. (metroeastallergist.com)
It is definitely known that influenza disease infection leads to the induction of apoptosis both in cell tradition and (Takizawa et al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
Human infections by influenza A viruses commonly occur yearly, with a seasonal peak incidence [ 6 ], usually as a mild disease, but for some, as a more severe illness that may be fatal. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies3
The present application is drawn to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for preventing and treating influenza virus infection and methods of treating influenza virus infection. (justia.com)
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
Given the significant roles of viral and host factors during infection, characterization of these interactions is critical for therapeutic targeting with neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial3
Background: Influenza virus infection predisposes to secondary bacterial pneumonia. (mssm.edu)
Interestingly, TIV vaccination resulted in enhanced levels of eosinophils after influenza virus infection and recruitment of neutrophils in both lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes after bacterial superinfection. (mssm.edu)
characterized by sudden onset, chills, fever of short duration (3-4 days), severe prostration, headache, muscle aches, and a cough that usually is dry and may be followed by secondary bacterial infections that can last up to 10 days. (hpathy.com)
Morbidity2
Pneumococcal infection of the respiratory tract is often secondary to recent influenza virus infection and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. (nih.gov)
Results: Vaccination with trivalent inactivated virus vaccine (TIV) reduced morbidity after influenza A virus infection but did not prevent virus replication completely. (mssm.edu)
Prevent influenza infection2
Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
It thus appears inevitable that, without means to prevent influenza infection, another pandemic will occur within the foreseeable future. (biomedcentral.com)
Pneumococcal2
Stimulation of CCL2 by macrophages upon pneumococcal infection alone required the pattern recognition receptor Nod2 and expression of the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. (nih.gov)
These data help explain pneumococcal virulence after IAV infection and have important implications for studies of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. (lu.se)
Mice2
Indeed, the increased colonization associated with concurrent influenza virus infection was not observed in mice lacking Nod2 or the type I IFN receptor, or in mice challenged with pneumococci lacking pneumolysin. (nih.gov)
In this model, mice are first intranasally inoculated with biofilm-grown pneumococci to establish asymptomatic carriage, followed by IAV infection of both the nasopharynx and lungs. (lu.se)
Antigen1
The extent and duration of transmission of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus at Fort Dix, New Jersey, was examined with use of titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza A/Mayo Clinic/74 (HswlNl) antigen as an index of infection. (usuhs.edu)
Replication2
These viruses depend on its host for replication and infection. (biomedcentral.com)
they occur in a random fashion and the variant viruses that have the best genetically endowed combination of efficient infection, rapid replication, and greatest survival become the dominant populations. (biomedcentral.com)
Pandemic2
For example, both seasonal and pandemic influenza can cause infections in all age groups, and most cases will result in self-limited illness in which the person recovers fully without treatment. (who.int)
Next generation antivirals are needed to treat seasonal infections and prepare against zoonotic spillover of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogenesis1
Together, this study reveals a previously unrecognised function of apoptotic monocyte disassembly in the pathogenesis of IAV infections. (nature.com)
Vaccines1
Surges of serum Abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending Ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). (syr.edu)
Epithelial5
Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of airway epithelial integrity, diminished lung function and impaired airway remodeling. (nih.gov)
Collectively, our results demonstrate a critical role for lung ILCs in restoring airway epithelial integrity and tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus. (nih.gov)
The viruses bind to a cell through interactions between its hemagglutinin glycoprotein and sialic acid sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells in the lung and throat (Stage 1 in infection figure). (wikipedia.org)
As airway and alveolar epithelial cells predominately reside within the respiratory tract and lung parenchyma, they are key targets of IAV infection. (nature.com)
Infected alveolar epithelial cells release a series of chemoattractants, such as CCL2, which recruit inflammatory monocytes to the site of infection 11 . (nature.com)
Innate1
Additionally, PLpro can cleave both ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 from host cell substrates as a mechanism to evade innate immune responses during infection. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical1
The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection should not be overlooked even when other viruses including influenza can explain the clinical symptoms, especially in high-risk patients. (nebraska.edu)
Symptoms1
Today there was an article in the Homeopathy for Everyone online journal, "Homeopathy for Coronavirus Covid-19 Infection" which describes the symptoms of several cases. (hpathy.com)
Apoptotic2
To investigate the function of apoptotic monocyte disassembly, we used influenza A virus (IAV) infection as a proof-of-concept model, as IAV commonly infects monocytes in physiological settings. (nature.com)
Therefore, we utilised IAV infection as a model to further dissect the functional consequence of the disassembly of apoptotic monocytes. (nature.com)
Occur1
Infections occur through contact with these bodily fluids or with contaminated surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccination2
In contrast, both vaccination and infection induce massive expansion of circulating Ag-specific ASCs without significant increases in the frequencies of ASCs against unrelated Ags. (syr.edu)
Vaccination limited loss of alveolar macrophages and reduced levels of infiltrating pulmonary monocytes after influenza virus infection. (mssm.edu)
Immune1
Additionally, high specificity of circulating ASCs after antigenic challenge highlights the diagnostic value of interrogating ASCs as an ideal single-time-point diagnostic immune surrogate for serology during acute infection. (syr.edu)
Susceptibility1
Colonization followed by influenza coinfection led to a synergistic type I IFN response, resulting in increased density of colonizing bacteria and susceptibility to invasive infection. (nih.gov)
Human2
To test this model, we measure the ability of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection or immunizations to influenza virus, tetanus toxoid, hepatitis B Ag, and human papillomavirus to stimulate bystander memory cells specific for other major environmental Ags that represent a large fraction of the preexisting memory B compartment. (syr.edu)
Thus, the detected epithelioma has features similar to the pathomorphology of the human papillomavirus infection and stomatopapillomatosis of fish. (worldaquacultureconference.com)
Factors1
8. Greig DR, Schaefer U, Octavia S, Hunter E, Chattaway MA, factors for illness and death caused by infection with Dallman TJ, et al. (cdc.gov)
Syndrome1
First described in 2012, infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cholera outbreaks in China. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococci1
However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
Birds1
You can prevent these infections by keeping your parrot away from sick birds and cleaning its environment regularly. (pamperedbirds.com)