• Urban rabies occurs primarily in parts of Africa, Central and South America, the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia and mostly occurs in communities with a large number of unvaccinated or free-ranging dogs. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • The South American variant, now called Madariaga virus (MADV), is less pathogenic and is confined to Central and South America. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • It is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). (wikipedia.org)
  • The VP60 capsid protein from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), the causative agent of one of the most economically important disease in rabbits worldwide, forms virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed using heterologous protein expression systems such as recombinant baculovirus, yeasts, plants or mammalian cell cultures. (bvsalud.org)
  • This bacterium infects the airway, and is closely related to the causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis. (microgeninc.com)
  • avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)
  • The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE , infecting B-cells in humans. (lookformedical.com)
  • Sometimes it can even infect humans but is not fatal and in most cases does not cause any major health issues. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • The virus also spreads through pig to pig contact, ticks and other biting insect vectors, contaminated injection needles or mechanically by humans and equipment. (zoologix.com)
  • Arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes or other hematophagous insects, can infect a variety of vertebrate hosts (including humans), and may cause serious disease. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter - and other bacteria as well as viruses in foods can constitute a health risk for humans. (bund.de)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Arthropod vectors, mainly ticks and mosquitoes, constitute the transmission pathway of Flaviviridae viruses, causing epidemics and medical concerns due to the large number of diseases that they inflict on both humans and animals ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ebolaviruses are known for their ability to cause devastating viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans and great apes, but the natural reservoir for EBOV has remained elusive for many years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2007 to 2008 a large outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever with a case-fatality rate of approximately 25% occurred in humans in Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zoonotic infections are defined as infections that are transmitted from nonhuman vertebrates to humans. (scienceopen.com)
  • for example, Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have been most commonly transmitted to humans via the ingestion of undercooked ground beef. (scienceopen.com)
  • Humans have been infected after eating venison. (scienceopen.com)
  • 1 As many zoonotic agents are uncommon in humans and, for a number, have been established as causes of laboratory-acquired infections, good communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory is essential. (scienceopen.com)
  • An unusual CNS involvement leading to microcephaly due to infection of pregnant women by Zika virus has also been recently reported and highlights the constant need to look for new types of neurological manifestations of viral infections in humans. (medscape.com)
  • First identified in rhesus macaques in the Zika forests of Uganda in 1947, it soon spread to a handful of humans, but was confined to Africa and parts of South East Asia. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs, and warthogs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pigs were initially domesticated in North Africa and Eurasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the acute form of the disease caused by highly virulent strains, pigs may develop a high fever, but show no other noticeable symptoms for the first few days. (wikipedia.org)
  • On August 3, 2018, an outbreak of African swine fever in pigs was reported in China. (cdc.gov)
  • We collected samples from 2 dead pigs and 6 live pigs on this farm and sent these samples to our Biosafety Level 3 laboratory for confirmation of ASFV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease of pigs and wild boars that is transmitted through direct/indirect contact between animals or CSF virus-contaminated fomites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease that affects pigs and wild boars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, generalized disease of pigs caused by a DNA virus formerly classified as an iridovirus (Iridoviridae) but recently re-classified into a newly created family of viruses called Asfarviridae - a name derived from 'African Swine Fever And Related Viruses. (zoologix.com)
  • High concentrations of ASF virus are shed in secretions and excretions from acutely infected pigs. (zoologix.com)
  • Recovered pigs may remain chronically infected and excrete the virus for 6 weeks after infection. (zoologix.com)
  • The major clinical sign of PPV infections in pigs is maternal reproductive failure and was first described by Cartwright and Huck in 1967. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • It is the only species in the genus Asfivirus, family Asfarviridae, and order Asfuvirales. (wikipedia.org)
  • The arteriviruses are highly species specific, but share many biological and molecular properties, including virion morphology, a unique set of structural proteins, genome organization and replication strategy, and the ability to establish prolonged or true persistent infection in their natural hosts. (bionity.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • Clinical signs depend on the species of the parasite infecting the flock and usually just occur in the young. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Hosts are typically categorised as either maintenance hosts (species in which the virus life cycle is sustained) or spill-over hosts (species which may be infected but do not normally maintain the cycle of the virus biotype in question). (agriculture.gov.au)
  • The rabies virus can be classified into biotypes which are adapted to a single maintenance-host species in which infection and transmission are highly efficient. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Species of five different subgenera of Plasmodium infect birds. (cabi.org)
  • Approximately 20 different species of the genus Pasteurella have been identified using phenotypic and genetic analyses. (cabi.org)
  • ABBR: BAV The type species of the southeast Asian genus Seadornavirus (family Reoviridae). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses are transmitted by the same mosquito species - Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus - and exhibit similar symptoms in infected patients. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Currently PPV is classified as the Protoparvovirus genus (species Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • In recent years many novel porcine parvoviruses have been described such as porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) and porcine parvovirus 3 (PPV3) and these have been classified as Tetraparvovirus genus (species Ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 and Ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 , respectively), porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4) into the Copiparvovirus genus (species Ungulate copiparvovirus 2 ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis is due to infection with arthropod-borne viruses typically belonging to the families Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus ) or Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus ). (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Spondweni virus (SPONV), a possible emerging virus, is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family, of the genus Flavivirus and belongs to a serogroup with the Zika virus. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Disease Mechanisms of Toga viruses and Flavivirus Viruses are cytolytic, except for rubella. (slideshare.net)
  • Non- neutralizing antibody can enhance flavivirus infection via Fc receptors on the macrophage. (slideshare.net)
  • Within that family it has been allocated to the Genus Asfivirus of which it is the only member. (zoologix.com)
  • Clinically relevant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by viruses is an uncommon event, considering the overwhelming number of individuals affected by the different human viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • Vesicular diseases in swine are identical clinically. (wikisource.org)
  • It is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family and is transmitted through direct/indirect contact between animals or virus-contaminated fomites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Being a promising antiviral target, helicase inhibition leads to the pause of the replication, proliferation and consequently, to the survival and transmission of Flaviviridae viruses ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 10. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned virus from the Flaviviridae family is a Hepacivirus and specifically HCV. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This virus is in the same group of pest viruses as the virus of swine fever (hog cholera). (microgeninc.com)
  • Porcine parvovirus was first found in primary cell cultures from porcine kidney and testicle used to cultivate hog cholera virus in 1965 in Munich, Germany, by Anton Mayr and coworkers. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Vibrio is a prevalent bacterial genus in aquatic environments and exhibits diverse metabolic capabilities, playing a vital role in marine biogeochemical cycles. (qxmd.com)
  • This study isolated a novel virus infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. (qxmd.com)
  • Bacterial foodborne Vibrio infections: health risk assessment of the occurrence of Vibrio spp. (bund.de)
  • For example, shark bite wounds may be infected with Vibrio spp. (scienceopen.com)
  • Subtyping of the virus was not performed, but the mother and fetus were almost certainly infected with the clade I variant that was endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the time. (cdc.gov)
  • Ebolavirus is endemic in Central Africa and the Philippines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cattle are infected by a community of endemic pathogens with different epidemiological properties that invoke different managerial and governmental responses. (genemedi.com)
  • causes bacterial meningitis, fulminating septicaemia, pulmonary and ophthalmic infections, chronic synovitis (joint pain/inflammation), skin diseases, wound infections and postoperative urinary tract infections. (microgeninc.com)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • subfamily Betairidovirinae , members infect mainly insects and crustaceans. (ictv.global)
  • The avian poxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus) constitute a group of viruses in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae (ICTV, 2009). (cabi.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of a causative virus strain (China 2018/1) of an African swine fever outbreak, China, 2018. (cdc.gov)
  • The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)
  • However, we have extensive experience with children and adults experiencing co-infection with two or more respiratory viruses. (icanfixupmyhome.com)
  • Respiratory viral infections, arboviral infections and bat-borne viral infections represent three major categories of emerging viral infections in India. (byjusexamprep.com)
  • The virus strain is 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2). (byjusexamprep.com)
  • The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. (byjusexamprep.com)
  • Mainly it spreads through the respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes or coughs. (byjusexamprep.com)
  • And once the virus lands into the nose or respiratory tracts of any healthy person by contact or inhalation, the disease then spreads. (byjusexamprep.com)
  • causes severe respiratory infections in the immunocompromised. (microgeninc.com)
  • Dr Chris Smith , clinical virologist from Oxford discussed the lurking or hidden reservoir of virus that causes a second wave. (schneier.com)
  • To determine clinical features of C. fetus infections and risks for death, we conducted a retrospective observational study of all adult inpatients with a confirmed C. fetus infection in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, Trevenans, France, during January 2000-December 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • Subacute - fluctuating or continuous fever for up to 20 days, with milder clinical signs. (zoologix.com)
  • Initial clinical findings are nonspecific and include fever, anorexia, and stiffness. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Two days after the WHO announcement, Singapore's Ministry of Health stepped up efforts to protect the island-nation against the Zika virus, including a program of clinical surveillance to correctly diagnose infected patients. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The use of these vaccines induces antibody titres that can reduce clinical manifestations, but cannot prevent infection. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Campylobacteriosis in turn refers to diseases which are caused by bacteria of the Campylobacter genus, a genus of spiral bacteria. (bund.de)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • These opportunistic anaerobic bacteria may also cause bed sores, pressure sores, aspiration pneumonia, chronic otitis media (ear infection), chronic sinusitis, and osteomyelitis (bone infection). (microgeninc.com)
  • Other alphaviruses associated with equine encephalitis are Semliki Forest virus in Africa and Ross River virus in Australia and the South Pacific. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • however, most CNS viral infections involve the meninges to a greater or lesser extent, leading to aseptic meningitis or causing mild meningoencephalitis rather than pure encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
  • Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Since its discovery in 1976, Ebolavirus has caused periodic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever associated with severe and often fatal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ticks Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, various tick- borne encephalitis's etc. (slideshare.net)
  • Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a major cause of economic loss in the cattle industry, worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pestiviruses account for important diseases in animals such as Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhoea / Mucosal disease (BVD/MD). According to the current O.I.E. list CSF and BVD/MD are notifiable diseases and eradication programms are administered in many countries worldwide. (bionity.com)
  • Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). (bionity.com)
  • AAVs are nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses used in gene therapy to insert copies of missing genes into host cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • For the evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the model in structure‑based drug design strategies, the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase was used, complexed with a single‑stranded RNA, a key molecule for the establishment of interactions with a future inhibitor of the SPONV helicase. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These viruses are small (22-30 nm), nonenveloped, and labile below pH 7.0, and they have single-stranded positivesense RNA with approximately 8450 nucleotides that serve as messenger RNA. (wikisource.org)
  • It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, which likely act as a vector, with no disease signs. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two primary methods used to control the spread of BVDV: the elimination of persistently infected (PI) animals and vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • The recent incursions of African swine fever (ASF), a severe, highly contagious, transboundary viral disease that affects members of the Suidae family, in Europe and China have had a catastrophic impact on trade and pig production, with serious implications for global food security. (mdpi.com)
  • The first major Zika outbreak occurred on Yap Island, Micronesia, in 2007, infecting fewer than 100 people. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The former is comprised of three genera ( Ranavirus , Megalocytivirus and Lymphocystivirus ) whose members infect primarily ectothermic vertebrates such as bony fish, amphibians and reptiles, whereas the latter contains three genera ( Iridovirus, Chloriridovirus, and Decapodiridovirus ) whose members infect mainly invertebrates such as insects and crustaceans. (ictv.global)
  • To avoid confusion between members of the genus Iridovirus and members of the family, members of the family will be referred to as iridovirids, rather than iridoviruses. (ictv.global)
  • And by May, scientists in the United States had established a causal link between the Zika virus, microcephaly and other severe brain defects. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. (byjusexamprep.com)
  • The approach to the patient with a potential zoonotic infection involves the generation of a differential diagnosis that includes those infectious agents that are potentially transmissible from the specific animal(s) to which the patient was exposed. (scienceopen.com)
  • The fire department must establish procedures for the evaluation of work limitations for employees with an infectious disease who in the course of performing their duties demonstrate evidence of functional impairment or inability to adhere to standard infection control practices or who present an excessive risk of infection to patients or fire department members. (iaff.org)
  • Porcine parvovirus infection (PPV) is now recognized as a common and important cause of infectious infertility. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Rabies is a zoonotic viral infection that causes a fatal encephalitic disease. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Rabies is caused by viruses in the genus Lyssavirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • The rabies virus is classified as genotype 1 of the genus. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Other viruses within the same genus (such as Lagos bat virus and European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2) may also cause rabies disease but are differentiated from the rabies virus on the basis of genotype (Table 1). (agriculture.gov.au)
  • The rabies virus can infect any warm-blooded animal. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Maintenance hosts for the rabies virus are most commonly bats and canines (wild or domestic). (agriculture.gov.au)
  • The most common route of transmission is by a bite from a rabid animal but it may also be transmitted by the transfer of infected saliva across mucous membranes, eating parts of a rabid animal or by inhaling an aerosol of rabies virus in infected bat caves. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Provocative studies have found high antibody seroprevalence to viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lyssa viruses in multiple African countries, indicating the presence of a high number of undiagnosed cases every year, including high neutralizing titers of antibodies to rabies virus in 11% of a small cohort of asymptomatic Peruvians living in the Amazon with prior exposure to bats. (medscape.com)
  • Following infection, virus is shed in the secretions and excretions from the animal for approximately two weeks. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Viruses, except rubella and hepatitis C, are arboviruses. (slideshare.net)
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. (bionity.com)
  • Genotype I has been circulating in Europe, South America, the Caribbean, and western Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Handlers of macaques may be infected by bites or exposure to animal blood or body fluids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The virus encodes enzymes required for replication and transcription of its genome, including elements of a base excision repair system, structural proteins, and many proteins that are not essential for replication in cells, but instead have roles in virus survival and transmission in its hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus encodes proteins that inhibit signalling pathways in infected macrophages and thus modulate transcriptional activation of immune response genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the virus encodes proteins which inhibit apoptosis of infected cells to facilitate production of progeny virions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral membrane proteins with similarity to cellular adhesion proteins modulate interaction of virus-infected cells and extracellular virions with host components. (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-infecting the insect pupae with two baculovirus vectors expressing the RHDV GI.1- and RHDV GI.2-derived VP60 proteins, we obtained chimeric VLPs incorporating both proteins as determined by using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
  • Ornithodoros erraticus saliva contains bioactive proteins that play essential functions in tick feeding and host defence modulation, which may contribute to host infection by tick-borne pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2, operate in the replication of the virus, particularly for DNA replication. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • ASFV replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • ASFV is a large (175-215 nm), icosahedral, double-stranded DNA virus with a linear genome of 189 kilobases containing more than 180 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • All ASFV p72 genotypes have been circulating in eastern and southern Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results confirmed ASFV infections in China ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • After confirmation of ASFV infection by our laboratory, we used nucleic acid extracts from an ASFV-infected sample for conventional PCR amplification with 3 pairs of primers. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large enveloped virus containing a double stranded (ds) DNA of approximately 190 kilobase pairs. (cabi.org)
  • Porcine parvovirus 5 (PPV5) is still not classified in the ICTV taxonomy proposal, but genetic analysis showed that this virus is most closely related to PPV4. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The lack of an effective veterinary or human public health infrastructure in a given country may result in a lack of knowledge of those zoonotic infections transmitted from even commonly encountered animals. (scienceopen.com)
  • The virus is very similar to the avian influenza H5N1 virus, which is thought to have potential for human crossover as a pandemic strain. (microgeninc.com)
  • Arthropod-borne Viruses Arthropod-borne viruses (arbovirus) are viruses that can be transmitted to man by arthropod vectors. (slideshare.net)
  • Infection results in reduced productive performance, growth retardation, reduced milk production and increased susceptibility to other diseases leading to early culling of animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
  • However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
  • Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Nine definite enteric E. coli pathotypes have been well characterized, causing diseases ranging from various gastrointestinal disorders to urinary tract infections. (preprints.org)
  • The characteristics of the viruses that cause vesicular diseases are shown in Table 25.2 . (wikisource.org)
  • Historically there have been cases of the rubella virus and certain drugs causing microcephaly. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In common with other viral hemorrhagic fevers, the main target cells for replication are those of monocyte, macrophage lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virus replication takes place in perinuclear factory areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of replication and assembly occurs in discrete, perinuclear regions of the cell called virus factories, and finally progeny virions are transported to the plasma membrane along microtubules where they bud out or are propelled away along actin projections to infect new cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)
  • Besides their function in the virus replication cycle, the viral glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, minor matrix protein and polymerase cofactor are viral determinants of pathogenicity, with evasion of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as the main mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The particles were similar to the Kilham rat virus (a parvovirus) and due to the replication ability of the virus in cell lines from swine, it was isolated and classified as a porcine parvovirus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • One hallmark of pestiviruses is their unique strategy to establish persistent infection during pregnancy. (bionity.com)
  • Diagnosing these infections is challenging, due to low parasitemia levels during persistent infections and cross-reactivity. (mdpi.com)
  • Cryptosporidiosis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium (family Cryptosporidiidae, order Eucoccidiorida, subclass. (cabi.org)
  • ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Therefore, the present study proposes the three‑dimensional structure of the helicase/protease enzyme of SPONV through homology modeling, using the crystal structure of the Dengue virus‑4 helicase/protease of the same viral family as a template. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A pathogen that is composed of nucleic acid within a protein shell but can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Viruses maintained in nature principally, or to an important extent, through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts by haematophagus arthropods or through trans ovarian and possibly venereal transmission in arthropods. (slideshare.net)
  • VS was recognized in horses and cattle in the United States during World War I ( Cotton 1927 ), but infection in swine was not reported until 1943 ( Schoening 1943 ). (wikisource.org)
  • which are commonly found in salt water and as part of the normal oral flora of sharks, whereas freshwater alligator bites are most commonly infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, an organism that is found in fresh water and as part of the normal alligator oral flora. (scienceopen.com)
  • The latest epidemic of Zika fever, which broke out in the Western Hemisphere, warns about the risk of the corresponding urban epidemic potential of SPONV and calls for the design of anti‑SPONV therapies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The Aedes genus of mosquito transmits many viruses, including Zika, dengue, chikungunya, West Nile and yellow fever. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • But, compared with the painful fever, headache and joint pain often associated with chikungunya, which means 'to walk bent over' in the Kimakonde language, and dengue, also known as 'breakbone' or 'breakheart' fever, Zika is like a mild flu, and often comes and goes unnoticed. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Ng is one of the many scientists at A*STAR working to improve understanding of the Zika virus and developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools to fight the disease. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Researchers from multiple institutes at A*STAR are collaborating to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools to fight the Zika virus. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The Zika virus has been around for a long time. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • In 2013, Zika re-emerged in French Polynesia, this time infecting an estimated 9,000 individuals. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • A retrospective analysis of Zika-infected pregnant mothers in French Polynesia found similar cases of children with microcephaly. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • There are no treatments or vaccines against the Zika virus, nor for the chikungunya virus. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Researchers at A*STAR, along with other members of the scientific community, are now trying to answer the flood of questions raised by the Zika virus. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Coccidiosis is a disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by the protozoan parasites of the subclass Coccidia, genus Eimeria. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • The main transmission between birds is through oral ingestion of infected faeces, so the environment the birds are kept in can increase the spread of the disease. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Diagnosis can also be based on a post-mortem examination, including mucosal scrapings of the middle intestine of infected birds. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • causes influenza infection of birds. (microgeninc.com)
  • Viruses are good inducers of interferon, which can account for the flulike symptoms of infection. (slideshare.net)
  • The initial event in the replicative cycle of a virus is its interaction with receptors present on the surface of a cell. (medscape.com)
  • The viral cycle is located between mosquitoes and non-human primates, causing symptomatic infections of mild illness. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Six distinct genetic lineages can be distinguished within the genus Lyssavirus by cross-protection tests (Smith et al. (cabi.org)
  • Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. (bionity.com)
  • Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (bionity.com)
  • Most animal viruses are also surrounded by a lipid envelope (a bilayered membrane analogous to a cell membrane). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Coccidiosis is caused by single-celled parasites of the subclass Coccidia, genus Eimeria. (livetecsystems.co.uk)
  • Porcine parvovirus (PPV, Protoparvovirus genus) is a small non-enveloped virus and is considered to be one of the major causes of porcine reproductive failure. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) is described by ICTV as a related, unclassified virus in the Copiparvovirus genus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • We conducted statistical analyses using a generalized linear mixed model to identify factors associated with CSF infection among wild boars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)