• The local response to lethal infection with rabies virus was used as a model system that is not accessible to analysis by secondary activation in vitro. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In vivo alloantigen-primed CTL-P generate, in vitro, an active effector progeny in the presence of interleukins of xenogeneic origin, whereas the majority of virus-specific CTL-P, in spite of considerable expansion in vivo, fail to generate CTL in vitro unless antigen is added. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • To investigate whether nonencapsulated S. suis can restore the ability to express the capsule and become virulent again, we repeated in vitro or in vivo passages of nonencapsulated S. suis and attempted to retrieve capsule-recovered strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Experiments using the thy/hu mouse model support export of intrathymically infected CD8 precursors, while recent in vitro data suggest that mature CD8 lymphocytes upregulate CD4 upon activation (generating a CD8bright CD4dim phenotype) and are susceptible to HIV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Baicalin acts as an adjuvant to potentiate the activity of azithromycin against Staphylococcus saprophyticus biofilm: an in vitro, in vivo, and molecular study. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Rutin partially inhibits biofilm formation in Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC700404 in vitro and in vivo. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In the present work, we studied the kinetic expression of selected miRNAs during ISAV infection, both in vitro and in vivo. (pucv.cl)
  • There is also evidence for the induction of CD4 expression and susceptibility to infection by HIV-1 of CD8 lymphocytes activated in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Consequently, staphylococci have been studied extensively both in vitro and in vivo with special focus on resistance and virulence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo expression of virulence and metabolic genes of S. aureus in a prosthetic joint infection in a human subject with growth in vitro as reference using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). (biomedcentral.com)
  • although their presence correlated with phenotypic susceptibility of the associated isolates, no difference in expression between in vivo and in vitro conditions was identified. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Under the circumstances of infection was made by 2 of the authors by economic sanctions and shortage of drugs, wet preparation and in vitro cultivation. (who.int)
  • Using in vitro and in vivo experimental attributable cancer. (who.int)
  • The search for the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis was unsuccessful for many years, partly because researchers did not appreciate that most primary infections are asymptomatic and that most adults are seropositive. (medscape.com)
  • While the virus is the most common cause of genital herpes, the vast majority of infections are asymptomatic. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
  • In conclusion, immunomodulatory probiotic species might offer valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of C . jejuni induced intestinal, extra-intestinal as well as systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Mosquitoes respond to infection by mounting immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More recently, my research has extended into examining host responses, particularly immune responses, during infection in mice. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • A study to determine the early renal transcriptional response during progressive C. albicans infection confirmed the massive induction of innate immune responses (FEMS Yeast Research, 2009). (abdn.ac.uk)
  • We will use the controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) models with malaria-exposed volunteers to identify correlations between immune responses and parasite growth rates in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fennel honey, propolis and bee venom significantly improve the immune response of rats to staphylococcal infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Here, we characterized the staphylococcal transcriptome in vivo and the joint fluid metabolome in a prosthetic joint infection with an acute presentation using deep RNA sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • My PhD research constitutes the first detailed characterization of a bacterial infection of the gallbladder, focusing on the local biology, pathology, and immunology of Salmonella infection. (ubc.ca)
  • Popovic, M, Read-Connole, E & Gartner, S 1986, ' Biological properties of HTLV-III/LAV: A possible pathway of natural infection in vivo ', Annales de l'Institut Pasteur - Immunology , vol. 137, no. 3 D, pp. 413-417. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Our findings show that SLO is vital to in vivo phenotype and illness final result. (holliseden.com)
  • These findings add yet another functional significance to the invasion phenotype in vivo, and together with the presence of high numbers of extracellular, luminal bacteria, put forward the concept that acute infection of the gallbladder may be important for later events in the bacterial life cycle. (ubc.ca)
  • Group A Streptoccocus (GAS) is among the many most numerous of all human pathogens, accountable for a variety of medical manifestations, from delicate superficial infections akin to pharyngitis to severe invasive infections akin to necrotising fasciitis and sepsis. (holliseden.com)
  • One such variant is the Dantu blood group antigen, which is associated with 74% protection against severe and complicated P. falciparum malaria infections in homozygous individuals, similar to that provided by the sickle haemoglobin allele (HbS). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upregulation of fermentation genes and the presence of ethanol in joint fluid indicated severe oxygen limitation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hematogenous is by far the most frequent route for systemic infections of various bacterial and fungal pathogens, in the most severe cases leading to blood stream infections ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2 Severe infections can result in cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis leading to death. (cdc.gov)
  • Ganna Petruk and Artur Schmidtchen, two of the reserchers behind the study of a new treatment strategy for severe bacterial infections. (lu.se)
  • Now, drawing inspiration from the body's own defence mechanisms based on peptides, we have developed a new approach to treating severe bacterial infections", says Artur Schmidtchen, professor in dermatology and venereology and senior consultant at Skåne University Hospital, who led the study. (lu.se)
  • The protection provided by hACE2 showed obvious dose-dependent efficacy in vivo. (gob.pe)
  • No significant impacts on either outcome were seen for any of the other genetic variants under study.ConclusionsThis study reveals, for the first time, that the Dantu blood group is associated with high-level protection against early, non-clinical, P. falciparum malaria infections in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most common manifestation of primary infection with EBV is acute infectious mononucleosis, which is a self-limiting clinical syndrome that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults. (medscape.com)
  • By examining host responses to different C. albicans clinical isolates, I have demonstrated that low virulence isolates stimulate a lower innate immune response than more virulent isolates and that it is the early host response that determines infection outcome (PLoS One, 2009). (abdn.ac.uk)
  • This single case study highlights the capacity of combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses for elucidating the pathogenesis of prosthetic infections of major clinical importance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The clinical spectrum ranges from superficial skin lesions to deep-sited or generalized infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptomic analysis can provide insight as to how Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the environmental niche of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a challenging clinical infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In clinical practice, combination therapy with a cell wall-active agent and a synergistic aminoglycoside should be considered for treating serious enterococcal infections in critically ill patients and in those with evidence of sepsis , as well as in patients with endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, or joint infections. (medscape.com)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most patients with CMV infection exhibit few clinical findings on physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • However, in the presence of HIV infection it is critically important to assess the clinical and bacteriologic response. (cdc.gov)
  • A murine model of persistent typhoid infection revealed that gallbladder colonization occurs intermittently during chronic infection and that colonization may result in pathological damage. (ubc.ca)
  • In the present study secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally reassociated with a commensal murine Lactobacillus johnsonii strain either 14 days before (i.e. prophylactic regimen) or 7 days after (i.e. therapeutic regimen) peroral C . jejuni strain 81-176 infection. (nature.com)
  • Murine infection models are widely used to study systemic candidiasis caused by C. albicans . (frontiersin.org)
  • The lower neutrophil number in murine blood only partially explains insufficient infection and filamentation control, as spiking with murine neutrophils had only limited effects on fungal killing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results reveal substantial differences between murine and human whole-blood models infected with C. albicans and thereby demonstrate limitations in the translatability of this ex vivo model between hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mycosis is an important problem in the wild and in aquaculture, and greater understanding of the immune response to fungal infection will contribute to our ability to control fungal pathogens of commercially valuable fish. (umaine.edu)
  • Hence, secondary abiotic mice are well-suited to unravel the triangle relationship between intestinal pathogens, commensals and the host immune system in vivo 14 . (nature.com)
  • Dissemination of pathogens from a primary site of colonization or infection can occur via different routes, including lymphatic vessels and the blood stream ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The systemic safety of high dose vancomycin loaded spacer has been investigated* but rarely the elution of high vancomycin from cement in vivo. (nicoledelepine.fr)
  • Survival in blood can thus be considered a major virulence trait in the development of systemic infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Experimental protocols were established that allow frequency estimates of in vivo antigen-triggered CTL-P. Data allow a distinction between CTL-P activated in vivo by alloantigen and viral antigen with respect to their different capacity to utilize T cell growth factors (inter-leukins). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Initially, my research focussed on investigating pathogenesis from the fungal perspective, using experimental infection models to assay the contribution of fungal gene products in virulence. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (nature.com)
  • An experimental design tool to optimize inference precision in data-driven mathematical models of bacterial infections in vivo. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We conduct a simulation study to establish the relationship between our optimality criterion and the size of parameter estimate confidence intervals, and showcase its application in a range of biological scenarios reflecting different dynamics patterns observed in experimental infections. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This research also established a new system for the study of Salmonella Typhimurium's biology, and a way to probe the biological function of individual gene products in a meaningful in vivo infection model. (ubc.ca)
  • Precision Biosciences Inc. uses its proprietary Arcus platform to develop in vivo gene editing therapies and has outlined new data from its wholly owned and partnered pipeline. (bioworld.com)
  • Staphylococcus aureus gene expression has been sparsely studied in deep-sited infections in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Assuming an acute infection [ 7 ], we chose to compare gene expression of the in vivo sample with the isolate in an exponential growth phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replication may be categorized into immediate early, delayed early, and late gene expression based on time of synthesis after infection. (medscape.com)
  • The Dantu blood group prevents parasite growth in vivo: Evidence from a controlled human malaria infection study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Serial quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure parasite growth rate in vivo will be undertaken. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Frequency analysis of cytolytic T cell precursors (CTL-P) generated in vivo during lethal rabies infection of mice. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • However, we retrieved capsule- and virulence-recovered S. suis after in vivo passages of a nonencapsulated strain in mice, suggesting that nonencapsulated S. suis are still potentially hazardous for persons in the swine industry. (cdc.gov)
  • Bacteria persistent in mice were retrieved 36 h after infection from the blood, in which capsular expression works favorably for survival. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, human leukocytes harvested from mice treated with human serum or anti-Galα(1,3)Gal antibody prevented PERV infection in 6 of 8 mice. (umn.edu)
  • Furthermore, both prophylactic and therapeutic hACE2-Fc treatments effectively protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by reduced viral replication, weight loss, histological changes, and inflammation in the lungs. (gob.pe)
  • Inhibition of transfer of collagen-induced arthritis into SCID mice by ex vivo infection of spleen cells with retroviruses expressing soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In mice, as the most commonly used laboratory animal for in vivo experiments, the blood volume that can be withdrawn repeatedly is very limited and thereby hampers in depth analysis of interactions within blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Besides acute infections, S. aureus can adapt to a biofilm mode of growth in response to certain environmental cues and thereby infections become persistent and recurrent, particularly in association with prosthetic implants [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)
  • Is a devastating complication that occurred in 8 to 20% of patients treated by en bloc resection and prosthetic reconstruction for bone sarcomas. (nicoledelepine.fr)
  • Have been widely used since 1972 to prevent and to treat prosthetic infection. (nicoledelepine.fr)
  • However, such limitations are not justified in treating prosthetic valve infections or those that are complicated by large vegetations. (medscape.com)
  • The combination has been shown to be effective in both gentamicin-resistant and gentamicin-sensitive isolates and in both native and prosthetic valve infections. (medscape.com)
  • The regulatory pattern of catabolic pathway genes indicated that the bacterial infection was sustained on amino acids, glycans and nucleosides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From 1 July 2023, Prof Josef Penninger takes over the Scientific Management of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI). (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Combined, these findings provide evidence that antigenic stimulation of CD8 lymphocytes in vivo induces CD4 expression that renders them susceptible to HIV infection and destruction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To investigate the relationship between CD8 activation and infection by HIV-1 in vivo, activated subsets of CD8 lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-seropositive individuals were investigated for CD4 expression and HIV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We report the development of a stable, eplication-competent luciferase reporter influenza A virus that can be used for in vivo imaging of viral replication. (mssm.edu)
  • Importantly, sepsis related strains that have been attenuated by deletion or inhibition of SLO, then additionally translocated to the joint, confirming the important thing position of SLO in figuring out an infection area of interest. (holliseden.com)
  • Vancomycin should be used in patients with a penicillin allergy or infections with strains that have high-level penicillin resistance due to altered PBPs. (medscape.com)
  • Candida infections (candidiasis) caused by C. albicans commonly arise from endogenous strains that colonize mucosal surfaces as a commensal in healthy individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • given a fixed number of host animals and a constraint on total inoculum size per host, infections with fewer strains at higher copies per strain lead to higher-precision inference. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Infection induces an increase in the number of hemocytes, and tubulin and nuclear staining showed that this increase is primarily due to mitosis and, more specifically, autonomous cell division, by circulating granulocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His research group pioneered the development of the first ultra-compact, fully integrated, single-fiber scanning endomicroscope for performing label-free functional imaging of tissue histology in vivo, in situ, and in real time. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This is the first study of its kind, which reveals the usefulness of the in vivo gallbladder epithelial cell infection model. (ubc.ca)
  • Mannheimia haemolytica and lipopolysaccharide induce airway epithelial inflammatory responses in an extensively developed ex vivo calf model. (infectionbiology.nl)
  • The cause of death was sepsis, following infection from a rare bacteria known as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), which is resistant to all antibiotics available in the United States. (inquirer.net)
  • The development of a new treatment strategy for bacterial infections and sepsis is being led by researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • The peptides´ functions are crucial - if the infection and inflammation are not contained, it can lead to sepsis. (lu.se)
  • This response is crucial for fighting the infection but can, if overactivated, lead to sepsis. (lu.se)
  • The joint infection had an acute presentation although a previous indolent period cannot be precluded (see case history). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bersudsky V, Rehany U, Tendler Y, Leffler E, Selah S, Rumelt S. Diagnosis of chlamydial infection by direct enzyme-linked immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction in patients with acute follicular conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
  • Infection, bone marrow aplasia, or lung involvement (acute chest syndrome) can develop acutely and be fatal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 6 ] is the only published investigation of the transcriptome of S. aureus in humans with cutaneous infections caused by the methicillin-resistant USA300 strain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The best way to prevent hepatitis A infection is through vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • These results provide the first evidence that PERV can infect human cells in vivo and that natural xenoreactive antibody can prevent this infection. (umn.edu)
  • There is increasing evidence that CD8 lymphocytes may represent targets for infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vivo whose destruction may contribute to the loss of immune function underlying AIDS. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, in vivo evidence for the involvement of NLR proteins in viral sensing has not been widely investigated and remains controversial. (nih.gov)
  • The market for diagnostic and infection control products will see continued growth as hospitals and other providers look to the technology sector to help fight the battle against health care-associated infections and antibiotic-resistant organisms. (citeline.com)
  • However, few studies have investigated nutrient acquisition and metabolism of S. aureus in vivo during infection, which is an important aspect of S. aureus pathophysiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biology Group (ICB) and the Infections evaluate the role of infections in human the pathway from discovery to public and Cancer Epidemiology Group (ICE). (who.int)
  • Zebrafish can be used to model infections and identify conserved mechanisms in vertebrate immune response to fungi. (umaine.edu)
  • To determine whether these mechanisms operate in vivo and to assess their relative importance in the generation of circulating HIV-infected CD8 lymphocytes, we quantified HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA in CD8+ CD4- and CD8bright CD4dim lymphocytes isolated from HIV-infected individuals by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Before treatment of enterococcal infections, all suspected intravenous lines, intra-arterial catheters, and urinary catheters should be removed, if possible, and abscesses drained. (medscape.com)
  • This is important because we are seeing increasing numbers of drug-resistant infections, and this is one of the first cases for Klebsiella where no drug options were open to the medical staff. (inquirer.net)
  • Here, we show that collagen-silica nanocomposites allowing for the prolonged release of two topical antibiotics are promising medicated dressings to prevent infection in wounds. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • MIAMI, United States - A US woman has died from an infection that was resistant to all 26 available antibiotics, health officials said this week, raising new concerns about the rise of dangerous superbugs. (inquirer.net)
  • As more experience is gained with the use of linezolid and tedizolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline, as well as the newer tetracycline antibiotics, these drugs may be used more commonly to treat VRE infections, although in many cases off-label. (medscape.com)
  • People commonly use L. acidophilus for diarrhea from antibiotics, as well as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina, and an infection caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vaccines against bacterial infections, prophylactic antibiotics, and aggressive treatment of infections prolong survival. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The proposed project focuses on two basic research objectives to understand fish immune response to fungal infection and at the same time understand pathogenesis of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. (umaine.edu)
  • My research has centred on investigating fungal pathogenesis and virulence, focussing mainly on the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and mouse models of infection. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • However, one antibody could effectively promote vital immune functions, including phagocytosis and in vivo protection. (lu.se)
  • However, no studies have yet explored this hypothesis in vivo.MethodsWe investigated the effect of Dantu on early phase P. falciparum (Pf) infections in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • High levels of human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD8 lymphocytes expressing CD4 in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected CD8 lymphocytes have been reported in vivo, but the mechanism of infection remains unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We created an in vivo air sampling model to study airborne transmission of tuberculosis from patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to evaluate environmental control measures. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we examined PERV infection of human cells in vivo. (umn.edu)
  • Furthermore, we examined the effect of human xenoreactive natural antibody on in vivo PERV infection. (umn.edu)
  • Activated peripheral CD8 lymphocytes express CD4 in vivo and are targets for infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • AbstrAct to determine the safety and efficacy of 2 consecutive doses of triclabendazole (tcbZ) in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection in human cases infected with both S . mansoni and Fasciola sp. (who.int)
  • In vivo investigation of the multi-exponential T2 decay in human white matter at 7 T: Implications for myelin water imaging at UHF. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we summarised human and animal brucellosis, prevalence of infections in Nigeria, and economic impacts on production. (bvsalud.org)
  • The antibacterial efficiency of nano-composites was evaluated in vivo in a model of cutaneous infection, showing a 2 log steps decrease in bacterial population when loaded systems were used. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Taken together, these results illustrate the potentialities of the nanocomposite approach to develop collagen-based biomaterials with controlled dual drug delivery to prevent infection and promote cutaneous wound repair. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • It is recognized that the success of S. aureus depends not only on its virulence genes and development of antibiotic resistance, but also on a coordinated and timely expression of genes upon infection of its host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we have generated antibodies derived from the memory B cells of an individual who had successfully cleared a group A streptococcal infection. (lu.se)
  • Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of community- and hospital-acquired infections worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although these results suggested that mutations in cps genes are not repaired easily, the conditions faced by S. suis in vivo could influence capsular expression. (cdc.gov)
  • These data describe the spatial and temporal distribution of mosquito hemocytes, and map the cellular response to infection throughout the hemocoel. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pharmacokinetic data indicated that hACE2-Fc has a relative long half-life in vivo compared to soluble ACE2, which makes it an excellent candidate for prophylaxis and therapy for COVID-19 as well as for SARS-CoV and HCoV-NL63 infections. (gob.pe)
  • The importance of M. pneumoniae and RS virus in the etiology of lower respiratory infections in Japanese children was confirmed. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Right here, a longitudinal sampling research is performed to discover the variations in transcript ranges after SFTSV an infection, and to characterize the transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles of hospitalized sufferers. (holliseden.com)
  • these infections include UTIs, most intra-abdominal infections, and uncomplicated wound infections. (medscape.com)
  • In developing countries, most infections are acquired during childhood, whereas in developed countries, up to 50% of young adults are CMV seronegative. (medscape.com)
  • In the majority of cases the fungus causes relatively benign mucosal infections such as oral and vaginal candidiasis ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media is often associated with MRSA, Pseudomonas and Staphyloccoi infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • however, when this disease affects populations with already poor health (e.g., hepatitis B and C infections, chronic liver disease), infection can lead to serious outcomes, including death. (cdc.gov)
  • Once the bacteria was identified in Nevada, the patient was isolated to prevent the infection from spreading in the hospital. (inquirer.net)
  • For over two decades, Artur Schmidtchen and his research group have studied endogenous peptides, smaller protein fragments in the body with the ability to both kill bacteria and neutralize the bacterial toxins released during an infection. (lu.se)