Infection in vitro. Medical search. Frequent questions

Persistent in vitro infection was characterized by the selection of viral variants that displayed accelerated expansion kinetics, higher peak titers, and increased buoyant densities. (nih.gov)
In parallel, as the virus became more aggressive, cells that were resistant to infection emerged, displaying escape mechanisms operative at the level of viral entry, HCV RNA replication, or both. (nih.gov)
Das D, Sarkar N, Sengupta I, Pal A, Saha D, Bandopadhyay M, Das C, Narayan J, Singh SP, Chakravarty R. Anti-viral role of toll like receptor 4 in hepatitis B virus infection: An in vitro study. (wjgnet.com)
We derived a conservation law from the basic model for viral infections which consists in a small set of ordinary differential equations. (elsevierpure.com)
As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. (wikipedia.org)
In general, viral infections are systemic. (wikipedia.org)
show that this approach can detect characteristic changes that affect blood cells as a result of malaria, spherocytosis, bacterial and viral infections, and leukemia. (elifesciences.org)
Although a number of other febrile viral infections may produce hemorrhage, only the agents of Lassa, Marburg, Ebola, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fevers are known to have caused significant outbreaks of disease with person-to-person transmission. (cdc.gov)
This clone will facilitate investigations into the role of viral genes on biological properties of HTLV-1 in vitro and in vivo. (wustl.edu)

This study pertains to development of a suitable in vitro model using murine macrophages and Mycobacterium bovis BCG to study proteins expressed during macrophage-myco bacterium interactions. (scirp.org)
The results indicate that the present in vitro infection model was able to support the growth of M. bovis BCG in murine macrophages and is an ideal model to determine the pattern of functions of gene expression during the interaction of mycobacterium with macrophages. (scirp.org)
In the present study we have worked to develop an in vitro model using murine peritoneal macrophages and M. bovis BCG. (scirp.org)
Thus, mice genetically deficient in IL-1β, IL-1α, or IL-1 receptor signaling are extremely susceptible to Mtb infection ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 7 ) while in vitro stimulation of Mtb-infected macrophages with IL-1β results in reduced mycobacterial burdens ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this work, the ability of L. fermentum UCO-979C to modulate immune response in AGS cells and PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-Acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 (human monocytic leukaemia) macrophages in response to H. pylori infection was evaluated. (elsevierpure.com)
We demonstrated that the UCO-979C strain is able to differentially modulate the cytokine response of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages after H. pylori infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)

The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)

We hypothesised that the presence of active CTSB in the cytosol is crucial for NLRP3-inflammasome assembly and, consequently, for mature IL-1β generation after mycobacterial infection in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (msdmanuals.com)

Our study aimed to assess the overall immunological consequences of ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV. (karger.com)
Ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV elicited upregulated expression of RIG-I, MDA-5, tetherin, IFITM3, and MxA . (karger.com)
To study the role of peritoneal mast cells during in vivo infection with S. aureus we used newly developed Mcpt5-Cre(+) x R-DTA mice in which mast cell deficiency is independent of c-Kit. (uni-koeln.de)

Title : Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus Infection In Vitro with Clinically Approved Antiviral Drugs Personal Author(s) : Tan, Emily L.C.;Ooi, Eng Eong;Lin, Chin-Yo;Tan, Hwee Cheng;Ling, Ai Ee;Lim, Bing;Stanton, Lawrence W. (cdc.gov)
Results: Testing the antibacterial effect of the SRV-CHX-coated needle, we found a substantial reduction of infection transmission as well as sustained inhibition of bacterial growth compared with control needles. (huji.ac.il)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that can cause a broad spectrum of serious infections including skin infections, pneumonia and sepsis. (uni-koeln.de)
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen related to a variety of life-threatening infections but for which antimicrobial resistance is liming the treatment options. (nature.com)
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human opportunistic pathogen involved in a wide range of human infections. (nature.com)
Transcriptomic analysis can provide insight as to how Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the environmental niche of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a challenging clinical infection. (elsevierpure.com)

Susceptibility of Haemophilus ducreyi to spectinomycin in vitro. (bmj.com)
We report here a study of immune activation markers and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro of forty-five highly exposed uninfected partners (EUs) of HIV-1 infected individuals in Central African Republic, in comparison with forty-four low-risk blood donors (UCs). (pasteur.fr)
Furthermore, at-risk cohorts should be particularly examined to address unresolved controversies regarding route of transmission, environmental risk factors (i.e., food or water), inheritability or familial tendencies for infection susceptibility, factors leading to carcinogenesis, the demographics of susceptibility in very young children, and possible growth disturbances caused by H. pylori infection. (cdc.gov)
Those with compromised or weakened immune systems have an increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. (wikipedia.org)
By inhibiting AM function, DEP may increase the susceptibility of the lung to bacterial infection. (cdc.gov)
although their presence correlated with phenotypic susceptibility of the associated isolates, no difference in expression between in vivo and in vitro conditions was identified. (elsevierpure.com)

The virological and cellular consequences of persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been elusive due to the absence of the requisite experimental systems. (nih.gov)
M.A Zahoor , D Liebhart , and M Hess "Progression of Histomonosis in Commercial Chickens Following Experimental Infection with an In Vitro Propagated Clonal Culture of Histomonas meleagridis ," Avian Diseases Digest 6(1), (1 March 2011). (bioone.org)
Develop and optimise reliable in vitro culture methods for buffalo fly "Use the in vitro system to determine whether experimental Wolbachia infection can be established in buffalo fly. (qld.gov.au)
Experimental in vitro transmission of Babesia sp. (vetres.org)
Using in vitro and in vivo experimental attributable cancer. (who.int)

To test this, we first performed in vitro senescence assays using human lung fibroblasts and DNA repair-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which demonstrated that zoledronate killed senescent cells with minimal effects on non-senescent cells. (sens.org)

T cell proliferative responses to Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in vitro in patients with a history of gynaecological chlamydia infection. (bmj.com)
Using accurate and easy to use rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) to identify group A beta-haemolytic Streptococci (GABHS) sore throat infections could reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance. (soton.ac.uk)
Infection of rabbits was further demonstrated by antigen capture assay of p24 in PBMC and lymph node cultures and PCR amplification of proviral sequences from PBMC. (wustl.edu)

While a few organisms can grow at the initial site of entry, many migrate and cause systemic infection in different organs. (wikipedia.org)

BLFX proved to have a broad antibacterial spectrum, and its in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci, especially MRSA, was more potent than that of the other four reference quinolones. (elsevierpure.com)
Antibacterial sustained-release varnish has been shown to reduce bacterial infections. (huji.ac.il)
A new strategy of SRV-coated prostate biopsy needles supplemented with various antibacterial agents, combined with prophylactic oral antibiotics should result in decreased infection rates after prostate biopsies. (huji.ac.il)
Further in vitro studies are needed to formulate the SRV with an optimal antibacterial agent. (huji.ac.il)

In this study, we investigated whether a panel of commercially available antiviral drugs exhibit in vitro anti-SARS-CoV activity. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral treatment is used for immunocompromised individuals who have eye infections or life-threatening illnesses due to CMV. (medscape.com)

More recent evidence has suggested that chronic H. pylori infection as well as early age of H. pylori -acquisition is a critical precursor to gastric carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
This assay is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in persons with gastrointestinal symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with important gastric pathologies. (elsevierpure.com)
Probiotics could present an alternative solution to prevent or decrease H. pylori infection. (elsevierpure.com)
These findings strongly support the probiotic potential of L. fermentum UCO-979C and provide evidence of its beneficial effects against the inflammatory damage induced by H. pylori infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Although our findings should be proven in appropriate experiments in vivo, in both H. pylori infection animal models and human trials, the results of the present work provide a scientific rationale for the use of L. fermentum UCO-979C to prevent or reduce H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation in humans. (elsevierpure.com)

Thus, the elaboration of a protocol for the in vitro cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum revolutionized research on this important parasite. (nature.com)
However, for P. vivax , the most widely distributed and difficult to treat malaria parasite, a strict preference for reticulocytes thwarts efforts to maintain it in vitro. (nature.com)
However, research on P. vivax remains severely hampered because, to date, attempts to maintain this parasite in routine in vitro blood cultures have been hindered by the strict restriction to invasion of reticulocytes, a minor short-lived fraction of peripheral blood. (nature.com)
This study highlights for the first time the diversity of cellular and molecular events triggered by the interaction between canine PMN and MØ, which can promote a reduction of parasite burden in the early phase of L infantum infection. (unl.pt)
The in vitro isolation of B. divergens from asymptomatic carrier cattle was achieved and will allow the analysis of parasite diversity within cattle herds. (vetres.org)

Tuberculosis infection in cattle and other animal species is mainly detected by immunological tests, such as the skin test or the gamma interferon assay. (visavet.es)
Elevated levels of CTSB was observed in the lungs of mice and rabbits following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv as well as in plasma from acute tuberculosis patients. (frontiersin.org)
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is thought to play a major role in host protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection ( 1 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be human pathogens, and the incidence of infection appears to be increasing. (msdmanuals.com)

Environmentally driven immune activation was suggested to contribute to high rates of HIV-1 infection in Africa. (pasteur.fr)
and particularly on countries in Africa high-risk (HR) HPV infection in the 2018). (who.int)

The development of a protocol for the routine continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum in 1976 1 released malaria researcher from the reliance on in vivo observations. (nature.com)

This research was carried out to characterize the alteration of pulmonary responses to bacterial infection by DEP and the effect of DEP on alveolar macrophage (AM) function using a rat model. (cdc.gov)

The virus-infected cells were harvested at various times after infection and analyzed for the ability to bind strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. (lu.se)
Adenovirus (types 1, 2, 3, and 5) commonly causing respiratory tract infections increased the binding of adherent S. pneumoniae strains to the cells. (lu.se)
Adenovirus infection did not change the adherence of cells of poorly adhering strains of S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. (lu.se)
The increase in adherence of S. pneumoniae could be inhibited by the DNA synthesis inhibitor cytosine arabinofuranoside, which is known to block the late phase of the adenovirus infection. (lu.se)
This suggested that adenovirus infection upregulated receptors for S. pneumoniae. (lu.se)
however, M. pneumoniae respiratory infections are also associated with various extrapulmonary manifestations. (medscape.com)

Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. (wikipedia.org)

Due to the well-known broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the lactoferrin protein, we sought to verify whether its bovine form (bLf) would also be effective in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. (biorxiv.org)

Taken together, this study provides for the first time an in-depth analysis of the transcriptomic alterations that take place in human phagocytes upon infection, and in peripheral blood immune populations during active disease. (frontiersin.org)

For pseudomonal infections and infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. (medscape.com)

Prions (although they do not secrete toxins) The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms, when apparent, develop 9-60 days after primary infection. (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ease of use and in vitro accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of the five most commonly used RADTs in Europe (OSOM Ultra, Quickvue Dipstick, Streptatest, Clearview Exact Strep A and IMI Test Pack). (soton.ac.uk)
Protective Effects of Caffeine on Chikungunya and Zika Virus Infections: An in Vitro and in Silico Study. (bvsalud.org)
We undertook an in vitro study to assess the possibility of reducing infection rates after prostate biopsy by coating the needle with a novel sustained, yet rapid release chlorhexidine varnish (SRV-CHX) specifically modified for prostate biopsy. (huji.ac.il)
We transfected human and rabbit peripheral blond mononaclear cells (PBMC) with the ACH molecular clone of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) to study its in vitro and in vivo properties. (wustl.edu)
The aim of this study was to examine the effects and mechanisms of tenacigenin B in lymphoma treatment by in vitro and in vivo experiment. (medscimonit.com)
relative mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and relative protein expressions were measured by western blot assay in an in vitro study. (medscimonit.com)

We conclude that, despite peritoneal mast cells being activated by S. aureus in vitro, they do not influence the in vivo manifestations of intraperitoneal S. aureus infection. (uni-koeln.de)
These organisms also cause a wider range of disease manifestations among people who have HIV infection or are otherwise immunocompromised, but those manifestations are not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Infections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including: Bacteria (e.g. (wikipedia.org)

Viruses are thought to facilitate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. (lu.se)
The increased attachment may be one mechanism by which viruses precondition the respiratory mucosa for bacterial infection. (lu.se)
Infection by viruses Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika ( ZIKV ) continue to be serious problems in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. (bvsalud.org)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)
The kit meets the requirements of the World Health Organization and allows to identify 10 copies of viruses in vitro. (who.int)

Related to erythromycin, azithromycin is considered by many to be the treatment of choice for Chlamydia trachomatis genitourinary infection because it may be administered in a single dose, which improves adherence to treatment. (medscape.com)
Doxycycline, a well-absorbed tetracycline derivative, is the second drug of choice for genital chlamydia infections. (medscape.com)

Here, we report the establishment and the characteristics of persistent in vitro infection of human hepatoma-derived cells by a recently described HCV genotype 2a infectious molecular clone. (nih.gov)
Collectively, these results reveal the existence of coevolutionary events during persistent HCV infection that favor survival of both virus and host. (nih.gov)

Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
Environmental exposure to many of these organisms is common, but most exposures do not cause infection and many infections do not cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Biology Group (ICB) and the Infections evaluate the role of infections in human the pathway from discovery to public and Cancer Epidemiology Group (ICE). (who.int)

and dermatophytes, a group of organisms causing infection of skin and other superficial structures in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Infections caused by these organisms have been called atypical, environmental, and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Mycoplasma organisms cause infection primarily as extracellular parasites, attaching to the surface of ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory and genital tracts. (medscape.com)
Genital mycoplasmal organisms are associated with numerous genitourinary tract and reproductive diseases but also can cause infections at other sites. (medscape.com)

Yet in the UK, the Clinical Knowledge Summaries, that provide the main online guidance for GPs, discourage RADTs use, citing their poor sensitivity and inability to impact on prescribing decisions in acute sore throat infections. (soton.ac.uk)
We administered BLFX to ten patients with respiratory tract infections (bronchopneumonia: 3 cases, acute exacerbation of COPD: 4 cases, acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis: 1 case, mycoplasmal pneumonia: 2 cases) at a dose of 200~400 mg daily for 7 to 14 days. (elsevierpure.com)

Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of tazobactam in combination with piperacillin in an in vitro infection model. (jmilabs.com)
Furthermore, Myr confers a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in the Galleria mellonella model. (nature.com)

Peritoneal mast cells have been implicated in the host response towards various bacterial insults and to provide mechanistic insight into the role of mast cells in intraperitoneal bacterial infection we here studied the global effects of S. aureus on mast cell gene expression. (uni-koeln.de)

The sensitivity of the in vitro culture method was determined and was about 10 parasites/mL of whole blood from three independent experiments performed with three different isolates, confirming its suitability to detect and culture diverse B. divergens isolates from carrier cattle. (vetres.org)

Adenovirus (types 1, 2, 3, and 5) commonly causing respiratory tract infections increased the binding of. (lu.se)
At present, there are only a few reports samples from patients with clinical indi- globally on resistance of common respira- cations of respiratory tract infections. (who.int)

abstract = "Background and Purpose: During the past decade, the incidence of severe infections after transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy has increased. (huji.ac.il)

For in vitro diagnostic use only. (cdc.gov)
Le diagnostic et la prise en charge adéquate des lésions intra cavitaires permettent d'am liorer les chances de conception. (who.int)
It is unclear how much of this apparent increase is due to greater awareness and improved diagnostic testing and how much is an actual increased incidence of infection. (msdmanuals.com)

Against gram-negative bacilli, the in vitro activity of BLFX was the same or slightly lower than that of the other drugs. (elsevierpure.com)
It has a limited spectrum of bacterial activity but is effective in treating chlamydial infections. (medscape.com)
Second-generation cephalosporin with activity against some gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rod infections, and anaerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)

Infections caused by cephalosporin- or penicillin-resistant gram-negative bacteria may respond to cefoxitin. (medscape.com)

Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections. (wikipedia.org)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends azithromycin and doxycycline as first-line drugs for the treatment of chlamydial infection. (medscape.com)
Therefore, since it is a global public health problem involving several sectors, it also requires a global solution in the context of the One Health approach to achieve adequate control through the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of drug-resistant infections. (who.int)

In a drop of blood we can identify all major blood cells and characterize their pathological changes in several disease conditions in vitro and in patient samples. (elifesciences.org)

The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)

At a multiplicity of infection of 75 particles per cell, cytopathic effects occurred in 75 to 100% of the cells within 48 h. (lu.se)

Here, we define the conditions under which P. cynomolgi can be adapted to long term in vitro culture to yield parasites that share many of the morphological and phenotypic features of P. vivax . (nature.com)
We challenged the conservation law experimentally for the case of a virus infection in a cell culture. (elsevierpure.com)
Prepare further applications for related work towards better control of buffalo fly, exploiting the in vitro culture system. (qld.gov.au)

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Viral10

Macrophages8

SARS-CoV-2 Infection1

Mycobacterial infection2

Vivo infection3

Inhibition2

Staphylococcus4

Susceptibility6

Experimental5

Assays1

Antigen3

Systemic1

Antibacterial4

Antiviral2

Pylori infection6

Parasite5

Tuberculosis4

Africa2

Plasmodium1

Pulmonary1

Pneumoniae6

Innate response1

Bovine1

Phagocytes1

Multidrug-resistant1

Symptoms3

Study6

Manifestations2

Pathogens3

Viruses5

Chlamydia2

Persistent2

Exposures2

Epidemiology1

Organisms4

Acute2

Model2

Peritoneal1

Sensitivity1

Respiratory tract2

Abstract1

Diagnostic3

Activity3

Gram-negative1

Opportunistic1

Prevention2

Characterize1

Medicine1

Cytopathic effects1

Culture3