Infection dengue viruses neutralization tests. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, recent evidence suggests that a 4-fold higher titer by PRNT might not discriminate between anti-Zika virus antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies in all persons who have been previously infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
Title : Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases (U.S.) Published Date : June 2008 Source : Viral immunology. (cdc.gov)
Depending on the virus, the plaque forming units are measured by microscopic observation, fluorescent antibodies or specific dyes that react with infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
Currently it is considered to be the "gold standard" for detecting and measuring antibodies that can neutralise the viruses that cause many diseases. (wikipedia.org)
An issue with this assay that has recently been identified is that the neutralization ability of the antibodies is dependent on the virion maturation state and the cell-type used in the assay. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, if the wrong cell line is used for the assay it may seem that the antibodies have neutralization ability when they actually do not, or vice versa they may seem ineffective when they actually possess neutralization ability. (wikipedia.org)
Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. (edu.pe)
26. Mohammed H, Tomashek KM, Stramer SL, Hunsperger E. Prevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies among American Red Cross blood donors in Puerto Rico, 2006. (rjppd.org)
These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. (bvsalud.org)
About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. (bvsalud.org)
In ADE, antibodies from a first dengue infection fail to neutralize a second dengue virus of a different serotype during re-infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
The primary response of our immune system to an infection is to produce specific antibodies that can neutralize the invading pathogen. (tanzirislambritto.com)
When a person is infected with the dengue virus for the first time, the immune system responds by producing antibodies specific to that serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
These antibodies will neutralize the virus and aid in its clearance, thus resolving the infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
The antibodies from the first infection can't neutralize the new serotype effectively. (tanzirislambritto.com)
For instance, infants born to dengue-immune mothers are at a higher risk of severe disease due to the presence of maternal antibodies, which can enhance viral infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
B cells manufacture antibodies which are exquisitely tailored protein tools critical to controlling infection. (uvm.edu)
Alternatively, activated B cells can develop into memory B cells that persist long after infection to provide an institutional memory of those manufactured antibodies to facilitate their rapid remanufacture (or improvement) to protect against a subsequent pathogen encounter. (uvm.edu)
Further work is aimed at identifying novel monoclonal antibodies and T cell responses to the virus. (uvm.edu)
3) Defining B cell memory to Dengue and Zika and developing potent neutralizing antibodies (CDC and NIH, Collaboration with A. De Silva, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). (uvm.edu)
These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
It has therefore been assumed that persons with DENV neutralizing antibodies are protected against infection. (blogspot.com)
There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)
38 Neutralisation tests or an epitope-blocking ELISA can help identify MVEV-specific antibodies. (mja.com.au)
A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. (biomedcentral.com)
The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
The combined approach of screening vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies followed by testing the local tick population for TBEV allowed us to detect two new TBEV foci in the canton of Valais. (biomedcentral.com)
When we tested neutralizing antibodies to one virus against the other, we found a low protective response to both. (azolifesciences.com)
Although the mice initially infected with Chikungunya had low levels of neutralizing antibodies in their bloodstream, these levels rose rapidly after secondary infection with Mayaro, inducing cross-protection against the latter. (azolifesciences.com)
The researchers analyzed neutralization by antibodies but also identified other factors in the mice's immune system that could influence this cross-protection. (azolifesciences.com)
The levels of antibodies produced after each infection were measured. (azolifesciences.com)
Production of memory cells [ B and T lymphocytes ] takes time, but the mice first infected with Chikungunya already had them, so during secondary infection by Mayaro the immune response was faster, including a rise in levels of neutralizing antibodies,' Fumagalli explained. (azolifesciences.com)
This experiment served to demonstrate that antibodies produced in response to infection by Chikungunya also led to cross-protection against Mayaro. (azolifesciences.com)
Adapt the microneutralization test (MNT) to detect neutralizing antibodies against dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV-2) in the Vero-76 cell line. (cmp.org.pe)
Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
Has a positive test result at the Screening Visit for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, or HIV type 1 or 2 antibodies. (who.int)

However, results of Zika virus antibody testing can be difficult to interpret because of cross-reactivity with related flaviviruses, which can preclude identification of the specific infecting virus, especially when the person previously was infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
Among flaviviruses, Zika and dengue virus share similar symptoms of infection, transmission cycles, and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
Researchers tested 36 women attending a prenatal clinic in Honduras for the two flaviviruses. (tulane.edu)
However, they exhibit reduced specificity through cross-reactivity against other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue, circulating in South America. (ukri.org)
WNV, JEV, YFV), clinical evidence of co-infection with one of these flaviviruses, or recent vaccination against a flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
IgG anti-DENV seroconversion or ≥4-fold rise in titer by a validated immunoassay in serum specimens collected >2 weeks apart, and confirmed by a neutralization test (e.g., plaque reduction neutralization test) with a >4-fold higher end point titer as compared to other flaviviruses tested. (cdc.gov)
The mosquito-borne flaviviruses dengue and zika cause endemic or pandemic disease and long-term sequelae across over 40% of the world's population and there are no broadly licensed vaccines for either. (uvm.edu)
Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
Two other cases had cross-reactions with other flaviviruses, one of which was more consistent with dengue and one with a flavivirus infection (PRNT positive for Yellow fever, Zika, and dengue). (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)

On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) conducted retrospective testing for DENV in samples collected from 21 mosquito pools located within 5 miles (8 km) of patient A's residence during October 1-November 3. (medscape.com)
Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
and 4) advised providers to test for and report suspected DENV to MCDPH. (medscape.com)
CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
mosquitoes collected in a professional BG-Sentinel mosquito trap § tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. (medscape.com)
Considering the calamity of ZIKV infection, there is an urgent need to develop rapid detection methods for ZIKV along with DENV, which shares common clinical symptoms with ZIKV. (frontiersin.org)
Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness caused by infection with any of four dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). (cdc.gov)
Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, where an estimated 400 million DENV infections and 100 million clinically apparent dengue cases occurred in 2010. (cdc.gov)
Although ~75% of individuals infected with a DENV will be asymptomatic, ~5% of individuals that develop dengue will progress to severe dengue, an illness characterized by plasma leakage leading to hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, and potentially death. (cdc.gov)
Because these mosquitoes are endemic throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, an estimated 40% of the world's population is at risk for DENV infection. (cdc.gov)
Detection of IgM anti-DENV by validated immunoassay in a serum specimen or CSF in a person living in a dengue endemic or non-endemic area of the United States without evidence of other flavivirus transmission (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area without ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area with ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
DENV infection results in long-lasting immunity to symptomatic infection (dengue) with that DENV-type. (cdc.gov)
Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
4) Transcriptional profiling of DENV virus infection (Joint College of Medicine/Engineering Biomedical Engineering grant with Donna Rizzo and John Hanley from UVM and Sam Scarpino from Northeastern). (uvm.edu)
Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
Recent work suggests that primary monocytes and macrophages may not respond in exactly the same fashion to infection by DENV immune complexes ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
The development of animal models of dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease has been challenging, as epidemic DENV does not naturally infect non-human species. (mdpi.com)
In contrast, certain immunodeficient mouse models infected with mouse-adapted DENV strains show signs of severe disease similar to the 'vascular-leak' syndrome seen in severe dengue in humans. (mdpi.com)
however, a new model using high doses of DENV has recently been shown to develop hemorrhagic signs after infection. (mdpi.com)
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
DENV-2 was propagated by carrying out 5 successive passages in the Vero-76 cell line, then the virus was titrated in microplates and 2 methods were evaluated: complete monolayer and cell suspension, and the optimal coloring day was determined. (cmp.org.pe)
nbsp;Obtained the results, it was evaluated by the MNT for DENV-2: 5 sera negative to DENV-2 and YFV, 5 sera negative to DENV-2 and seropositive to YFV and 5 seropositive sera to DENV-2 confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. (cmp.org.pe)
Unlike DENV, ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. (healthresearch.org)

If immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results are positive, equivocal, or inconclusive, performing a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is needed to confirm the diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Thus, a more conservative approach to interpreting PRNT results is now recommended to reduce the possibility of missing the diagnosis of either Zika or dengue virus infection. (cdc.gov)
The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is specific and sensitive. (msdmanuals.com)
The PRNT requires live dengue viruses for the test and is labor-intensive and expensive. (msdmanuals.com)
The study offers evidence that plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT), the historical gold standard for serological diagnosis of a viral infection, can differentiate between Zika and dengue infections if the appropriate interpretation criteria are used, according to Matthew Ward, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Tropical Medicine and first author on the paper. (tulane.edu)
Test [PRNT] and Non-structural protein 1 [NS1] ELISA) and assess the time-frame postinfection that portable NAAT provide accurate diagnosis. (ukri.org)
a) ZIKV PRNT (most specific serological test for ZIKV). (ukri.org)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), on 13 August 2021, five Yellow fever cases tested positive by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) at Intitut Pasteur in Dakar. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
this population is not likely to qualify for access to confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) and therefore the virus could go undetected. (healthresearch.org)
Confirmatory PRNT is expensive, time-consuming (one-week turn-around), has low sample throughput, and uses live virus in the lab, which creates a biosafety risk. (healthresearch.org)
Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)

This is important because the results of Zika and dengue virus testing will guide clinical management. (cdc.gov)
Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and be reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry or the Puerto Rico Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System for clinical follow-up ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call: Update on Interim Zika Virus Clinical Guidance and Recommendations. (cdc.gov)
Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. (cdc.gov)
Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
The current scenario regarding the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in South America and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection. (frontiersin.org)
Patients with World Health Organization-defined clinical criteria plus thrombocytopenia ( ≤ 100,000/mcL [≤ 100 x 10 9 /L]) or hemoconcentration (Hct increased by ≥ 20%) are presumed to have the disease (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Dengue Virus: Clinical Guidance ). (msdmanuals.com)
2004 . Clinical diagnosis and assessment of severity of confirmed dengue infections in Vietnamese children: is the world health organization classification system helpful? (ajtmh.org)
Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
DHF is marked by the unique clinical features that differentiate it from common dengue fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
The case-fatality rate for individuals with severe dengue can be as high as 10% if untreated, or 0.1% with appropriate clinical management. (cdc.gov)
Dengue virus infection has emerged as marker in clinical practice ( 11 ). (who.int)
Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our work on dengue and zika immunology draws on an extensive bank of human vaccine clinical trial specimens and natural infection studies in partnership with the Vaccine Testing Center and other collaborators. (uvm.edu)
Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
1,2 Dengue presentation is broad and non-specific, which may confound clinical diagnosis. (who.int)
Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
Virus genomics as a clinical and epidemiological tool. (cdc.gov)
The assay provides the broadest spectrum of information to be captured in light of the clinical picture, any travel history and timing of specimen collection for addressing suspected flavivirus infections. (healthresearch.org)
Has clinical laboratory test results (hematology, serum chemistry, or coagulation) with a toxicity score of Grade = 1 at Screening. (who.int)

Zika virus disease is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
The reported occurrences of ZIKV infections are thought to be transmitted mainly by the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . (frontiersin.org)
Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The Aedes mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus, plays a crucial role in transmitting the dengue virus, which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. (mvcac.org)
125 countries includ- female mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Serum samples that tested positive ing Pakistan ( 2 , 3 ). (who.int)
tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
Cultured Aedes albopictus cells (clone C6/36), persistently infected (PI) with dengue virus type 1 (dengue-1) were found resistant to superinfection with dengue virus type 3 (dengue-3). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Semliki Forest virus replication in cultured Aedes albopictus cells: studies on the establishment of persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Characteristics of Aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with dengue virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Dual infections of Aedes aegypti with arboviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)

mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. (bvsalud.org)
These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a variant presentation of dengue infection that occurs primarily in children 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
A new study from the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine shows that, depending on the interpretation criteria, serological tests can distinguish recent Zika infections in areas where dengue is endemic. (tulane.edu)

Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using both molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
For persons with suspected Zika virus disease, a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) result confirms Zika virus infection, but a negative result does not exclude infection. (cdc.gov)
Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of a recent Zika virus infection or flavivirus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and reported to the appropriate Zika virus pregnancy registry. (cdc.gov)
In 2016, a total of 1,297 pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection were reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry from 44 states. (cdc.gov)
Approximately one in 10 pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection resulted in a fetus or infant with Zika virus-associated birth defects. (cdc.gov)
Only 25% of infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection reported receiving postnatal neuroimaging. (cdc.gov)
Identification and follow-up care of infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate intervention services are available to affected infants. (cdc.gov)
In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants. (cdc.gov)
This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. (cdc.gov)
Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations. (cdc.gov)
Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. (cdc.gov)
The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
Women aged 40-79 years with suspected cases were more likely to test positive for Zika virus infection than those in males in the same age group. (cdc.gov)
2. Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (rjppd.org)
Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Zika Virus Infection in the Nervous System. (rjppd.org)
Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer, 442-448. (rjppd.org)
Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. (rjppd.org)
Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
On November 28, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported the state's first case of local mosquito-borne Zika virus infection in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
Zika: Improved diagnostics for Zika virus infection in South America through an established laboratory partnership between Brazil, Colombia and the UK. (ukri.org)
As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)

Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
The majority of patients with Zika virus infections are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
Most infections are asymptomatic, and symptomatic disease generally is mild. (cdc.gov)
An estimated 80% of persons who are infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
Coxsackievirus B is an RNA Enterovirus, which usually causes an asymptomatic or brief upper respiratory tract or gastroenteric infection. (medscape.com)
The infection may be asymptomatic, or it may present with symptoms ranging from a moderate fever to a disabling high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rashes. (paho.org)
The majority (~75%) of infections in humans are asymptomatic, but a small proportion of symptomatic patients develops severe dengue characterized by rapid progression into shock, severe bleeding and/or multiorgan impairment, which leads to death if unattended or mismanaged. (who.int)

The plaque reduction neutralization test is used to quantify the titer of neutralizing antibody for a virus. (wikipedia.org)
Antibody identity was verified as DEN by plaque reduction neutralization test. (edu.pe)
Identification of dengue viruses from the Caribbean by plaque-reduction neutralization test. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the genus Flavivirus and is closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Virus and antibody dynamics in acute West Nile virus infection. (rjppd.org)
Scientists eventually identified these as the first confirmed cases of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. (johansen.se)
Microscopic view of West Nile virus particles in a cell. (johansen.se)
West Nile virus is an RNA virus, a close cousin of Dengue , Yellow fever , St. Louis encephalitis and Zika virus , to name a few. (johansen.se)
Crows and other birds act as reservoirs for West Nile virus. (johansen.se)
Once people are severely infected with West Nile virus, they acquire longer immunity . (johansen.se)
People with diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension have a greater risk of developing severe neurological disease from the West Nile virus. (johansen.se)
The epidemic of West Nile virus (WNV) in the USA in 2002 represents the largest outbreak of meningoencephalitis in the Western Hemisphere ever reported. (utmb.edu)
I was brought here to New York in 1999 shortly after our group discovered West Nile virus here. (amnh.org)
The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. (mdpi.com)
For flavivirus-seropositive group, has positive flavivirus test results (including dengue, West Nile, and Zika) as determined by ELISA or other commercially available serological assay. (who.int)

The serum sample or solution of antibody to be tested is diluted and mixed with a viral suspension. (wikipedia.org)
The concentration of serum to reduce the number of plaques by 50% compared to the serum free virus gives the measure of how much antibody is present or how effective it is. (wikipedia.org)
Titers in acute and convalescent phase serum samples can reliably establish dengue virus infection and may indicate the specific dengue virus type involved. (msdmanuals.com)
2015 we analysed the serum samples of 140 patients with a suspicion of dengue, using ELISA and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
Other tests can be used such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization tests, electron microscopy, and virus isolation by cell culture. (unamhe.or.ug)
Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
28 Indeed, by the time neurological symptoms develop, PCR testing of serum or CSF often returns a negative result. (mja.com.au)
In 1917, a 12-year-old with features suggestive of MVEV infection recovered after receiving immune serum. (mja.com.au)
cell / mL) and percentages of fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 2%, 3% and 4%, passages number of virus stock and incubation days were evaluated. (cmp.org.pe)

Reported autochthonous dengue fever transmission in tochthonous dengue fever transmission on the US side of the United States has been limited to 5 south Texas bor- the Texas-Mexico border have been rare--only 64 cases der counties since 1980. (cdc.gov)
Dengue fever is the most prevalent mosquitoborne viral of dengue and to identify the most important risk factors disease in the world, causing an estimated 50 million for regional transmission. (cdc.gov)
When symptoms are present, the most common signs and symptoms of Zika virus disease include fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
During this COCA Call, emergency providers learned critical information about Zika, such as how to identify people at risk for infection either through recent travel or through sex with someone infected with Zika, examine the importance of screening protocols, and understand likely symptoms, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has also been called Philippine, Thai, or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever, frequently requires prior infection with the dengue virus. (msdmanuals.com)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever often begins with abrupt fever and headache and is initially indistinguishable from classic dengue. (msdmanuals.com)
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute and potentially lethal complication of dengue fever, a tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. (tanzirislambritto.com)
It causes high fever and the typical flu-like symptoms seen in dengue and leads to severe bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and low platelet count. (tanzirislambritto.com)
What Causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? (tanzirislambritto.com)
The primary cause of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is infection by one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4). (tanzirislambritto.com)
Included within the series are papers on orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides, lesser known viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Cache Valley, Everglades, Jamestown Canyon, and LaCrosse, and recently discovered viruses transmitted by ticks including Bourbon, Heartland, Colorado tick fever, and Powassan. (mvcac.org)
50-100 million cases of dengue fever brate hosts of dengue virus in nature cessed by multiplex polymerase chain and 500 000 of dengue haemorrhagic are humans and several species of Asian reaction (PCR) in which the presence fever (DHF) reported annually ( 4 ). (who.int)
in all cases infection appeared relatively mild, self- sus monkey during a yellow fever study in the Zika forest limiting, and nonlethal ( 6 , 8 - 10 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. (unamhe.or.ug)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever - Do we know its cause? (microbiologyresearch.org)
Based on differential tests returned on 6 September 2021, the results of three cases are consistent with a recent Yellow fever infection. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
About 15% of people infected with yellow fever virus will develop severe illness that can lead to liver disease, bleeding, shock, organ failure, yellowing skin (jaundice), and sometimes death. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Yellow fever virus spreads through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluorescence Reduction Neutralisation Test (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). (pasteur.fr)
33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. (curehunter.com)
Identification of a novel lineage of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in dromedary camels, United Arab Emirates. (cdc.gov)

Dr. Diehl's work in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics encompasses translational and basic research aimed at understanding the human immune response to viral infections, primarily to dengue virus, zika virus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. (uvm.edu)
Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
Current assays to determine neutralising activity against viral infections in sera are costly in time and equipment and suffer from high variability. (pasteur.fr)
Advances and Challenges in Molecular Imaging of Viral Infections. (amedeo.com)
This platform includes a large spectrum of viruses which, according to the most up-to-date information available, bear the greatest potential of causing newly emerging viral infections. (dzif.de)

His goal is to develop novel immune metrics and specific antibody tools that can be used to advance vaccine development and to understand host-pathogen interactions during viral infection or vaccination. (uvm.edu)
This knowledge is critical to developing better vaccines and to develop better laboratory tests to determine whether vaccine candidates engage the immune system in a way that is likely to lead to protection. (uvm.edu)
More recently we seek to understand how norovirus, a family of viruses for which there is no vaccine and causes significant gastrointestinal illness (vomiting and diarrhea) and hospitalization can skew the infant antibody response towards those that may not offer protection. (uvm.edu)
1) Defining cellular immunogenicity for dengue vaccine formulations (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH). (uvm.edu)
Dengue vaccine development has spanned many decades. (blogspot.com)
When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
There is an urgent need for better diagnostic and analytical methods for vaccine research and infection control in virology. (pasteur.fr)
Has received or is scheduled to receive a live virus vaccine administered within the period from 28 days before, or through 28 days after, any dose of study vaccine. (who.int)

This situation has created an alarming public health emergency of international concern requiring the detection of this life-threatening viral candidate due to increased cases of newborn microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection. (frontiersin.org)
Previously, only sporadic cases of negligible concern associated with human ZIKV infection were reported ( Hayes, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
Recent outbreaks of ZIKV infections have become fatal on a daily basis in the Americas, where this obscure viral candidate has been placed at the forefront of global healthcare. (frontiersin.org)
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. (rjppd.org)
INTRODUCTION: Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
The atypical symptoms of malaria and ZIKV infections at the initial phase could leverage their misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
As indicated by nAb, acute ZIKV infection was detected in 1.7% of IgM-positive patients while past infections occurred in 8.5% of IgM-negatives in the three states. (bvsalud.org)
In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. (bvsalud.org)
ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSION: The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. (bvsalud.org)
Three different multiplicities of infection of ZIKV were used to develop and compare this novel method to the standard confluent cell monolayer method. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings suggested that both the viral load and replication of ZIKV were comparable between both monolayer- and suspension-infection methods. (bvsalud.org)
Accurate diagnostics for Zika virus (ZIKV) underpins all public health responses and epidemiology studies of the outbreak. (ukri.org)
However, ZIKV is cleared rapidly during recovery (often within 1 week), limiting the time post-infection NAAT can usefully be used. (ukri.org)
Tests and training will strengthen diagnostic services, and improve management of suspected ZIKV patients. (ukri.org)
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. (asme.org)
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
netic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with In 1977, ZIKV infection was confi rmed among 7 pa- this epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Several ZIKV human recent fl avivirus infection in several patients. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
ZIKV infection continues to be a significant global public health concern. (healthresearch.org)
For this reason, travelers to an area with risk of ZIKV can unknowingly be infected with ZIKV and pass it to sexual partners months after infection. (healthresearch.org)
Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)

100. Mosquito larvae were pres- that dengue is substantially underreported on both sides of ent in 30% of households in both cities. (cdc.gov)
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
These imported cases might result in local human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus in limited areas of the continental United States that have the appropriate mosquito vectors. (cdc.gov)
In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. (rjppd.org)
To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
Seventy years after CDC was founded to fight mosquitoes that carried malaria, CDC found itself entrenched in combat with another mosquito-borne illness, Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
Additional cases of mosquito-borne Zika have been identified in the area, suggesting that there is a risk of continued spread of Zika virus in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
To sum up, the cause of DHF is multi-factorial, involving not only the dengue virus and its serotypes but also the human immune response, the vector mosquito species, and various ecological factors. (tanzirislambritto.com)
The human encephalitis cases might have been attributed to a flare-up of an endemic arbovirus ( a virus transmitted by a tick or mosquito bite ) such as St. Louis encephalitis , but the concurrent bird and mammal deaths suggested the human illnesses warranted further investigation. (johansen.se)
Humans are considered dead-end hosts, meaning that even if a mosquito feeds on an infected individual, that mosquito cannot transmit the virus to another individual as can happen with the dengue virus . (johansen.se)
Dengue is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. (paho.org)
is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)

Symptoms of Zika virus are generally mild and last for several days to a week. (cdc.gov)
Specific to Zika virus, we've just recently launched a large multi-country cohort study to follow 10,000 women beginning early in pregnancy and monitoring them throughout pregnancy those who symptomatically get Zika, those without symptoms who get Zika and those who do not get Zika. (amnh.org)
Diagnosis is based on symptoms, laboratory testing, and travel history. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

On 21 March 2023, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the United Republic of Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
Prior sexually transmitted infections and HIV in mpox patients, Chicago, Illinois-(June 2022-March 2023. (amedeo.com)

If serologic testing indicates recent flavivirus infection that could be caused by either Zika or dengue virus, patients should be clinically managed for both infections because they might have been infected with either virus. (cdc.gov)
In this article, the current serologic assays for WNV diagnosis are reviewed, including immunoglobulin M antibody-capture ELISA, immunoglobulin G ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody tests, hemagglutination inhibition tests and plaque reduction neutralization tests. (utmb.edu)

Combined with the dengue virus RNA amplification test, it can provide a diagnosis within the first 1 to 7 days of illness. (msdmanuals.com)
The recognition of these new transmission routes has made the development of rapid and accurate serological diagnosis of WNV infection a public health priority. (utmb.edu)
Reports a diagnosis of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (including HIV infection), or autoimmune disease. (who.int)

These mosquitoes are highly adaptive to the human environment, coupled with increasing urbanization and inadequate vector control, which has led to a surge in dengue transmission in urban and semi-urban settings. (tanzirislambritto.com)
Besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, five new modes of WNV transmission to humans have been reported: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, transplacental transmission, breastfeeding and laboratory-acquired infection. (utmb.edu)
When humans infected in the forest enter urban environments, arbovirus infections can rapidly spread amongst people transmitted by highly anthrophilic, urban mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)

We determined the frequency of different serotypes of dengue virus to highlight its hyperendemicity in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (who.int)

In the fi rst stage, 50 census tracts and and secondary infections and an indirect IgG ELISA for 50 basic geostatistical areas, the Mexican equivalent of the past dengue infection (Panbio). (cdc.gov)
The sampling frame was based on year 2000 census mens to test on the ELISA kits (Panbio) before testing the data for both the United States and Mexico ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Sera that had been collected previously by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from residents were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for DEN virus IgG antibody. (edu.pe)
Currently available diagnostics: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and antibody ELISA, have critical problems [1]. (ukri.org)
Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)

In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
Has the threat of Zika virus outbreaks come to an end? (rjppd.org)
There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and vector control and vaccination are the only effective methods to prevent future outbreaks. (who.int)
In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
In 2013, outbreaks resulted in 44 098 dengue cases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 39 222 cases in Malaysia, 10 548 cases in New Caledonia and 22 170 cases in Singapore. (who.int)

A collection of the most up-to-date and cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. (rjppd.org)
CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
This is the first Marburg virus disease outbreak reported in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
So, tonight we're thrilled to have three scientists joining us this evening to talk about the latest news on the Zika virus outbreak and answer questions. (amnh.org)
During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
Emergency drugs that can help in the event of an outbreak of emerging viruses are as important as emergency vaccines. (dzif.de)

Philadelphia-area healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize commercial laboratories when ordering Zika virus testing for exposed, symptomatic persons with health insurance. (phila.gov)
For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
2] The estimated number of nonpolio enteroviral symptomatic infections is 5-10 million per year. (medscape.com)

In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The objective of this programme was to assess dengue diagnostic proficiency among national-level public health laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)

In rare cases, other severe sequelae of coxsackievirus B infection develop, including meningitis and carditis. (medscape.com)
Instead, they aid the virus entering host cells, enhancing its reproduction ability and leading to severe disease. (tanzirislambritto.com)
This leads to increased viral replication, a higher viral load, and a much more severe disease, resulting in DHF or even more severe dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (tanzirislambritto.com)
Older people are usually at high risk for severe infection due to underlying health conditions. (johansen.se)
The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
Infections with 2 different DENVs can protect against severe disease during subsequent infections ( 6 ). (blogspot.com)
d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
There is currently a project in place to conduct tests on favipiravir, a new drug for severe influenza in Japan which, however, causes cancer in mice. (dzif.de)

Other documented modes of Zika virus transmission include intrauterine and perinatal transmission, sexual transmission and laboratory exposures. (cdc.gov)
If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance. (kmptm.pl)
Tests, protocols and training will be available to local laboratory networks for patient use and to support further diagnostic studies. (ukri.org)
As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The cases were later confirmed as Marburg virus infection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania. (unamhe.or.ug)
Samples from both deceased and live cases were taken and confirmed for Marburg virus by the National Public Health Laboratory. (unamhe.or.ug)
Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue surveillance and control. (who.int)

However, cross-protective (heterotypic) immunity against dengue is short-lived with estimated durations of 1-3 years. (cdc.gov)
My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
He is the John Snow professor and director of the Center for Infection and Immunity at Columbia University. (amnh.org)
A study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil suggests people previously infected by Chikungunya virus may develop partial immunity to Mayaro virus. (azolifesciences.com)

Interestingly, it's not the first infection with the dengue virus that usually causes DHF but rather a subsequent infection with a different dengue serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
However, problems arise when the person is later infected with a different dengue serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
DHF and DSS are also influenced by various other factors, such as the strain and serotype of the dengue virus, age, genetic predisposition, and the individual's immune status. (tanzirislambritto.com)
All 16 laboratories testing Module A performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for both RNA and serotype detection. (who.int)

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.Lancet. (kmptm.pl)
This paper is the introduction to Special Collection of 10 papers on the epidemiology and ecology of emerging and lesser-known viruses of public and veterinary importance within the United States. (mvcac.org)
Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29?900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies. (bu.edu)
Epidemiology and Infection. (ukhsa.gov.uk)

This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
This was determined by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cultures using monoclonal antibody against a dengue-3 type-specific antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Dengue-1 PI cultures stained with this antibody 3 days after superinfection with dengue-3 virus (m.o.i. of 2) had dengue-3 antigen in 0.1 to 1.0% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Control cultures infected with dengue-3 at the same multiplicity contained dengue-3 antigen in greater than 90% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A small population of cells was also found (about 1%) that contained type-specific antigen of both dengue virus types. (microbiologyresearch.org)

I built tools to study this virus and contributed to a diagnostic test during the first year of my M.Sc. (wrfseattle.org)
Further comprehensive diagnostic testing for dengue virus and other priority pathogens in the Region will be assessed during future rounds. (who.int)
Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. (pasteur.fr)
20 , 29 - 32 The use of PCR in conjunction with serological tests can increase the sensitivity of WNV diagnostic tests to 94% compared with 45% for serological tests alone. (mja.com.au)
Serological tests remain the mainstay of confirmatory diagnostic testing. (mja.com.au)

Risk factors sive surveillance that contrast with the epidemiologic den- that predicted past dengue infection were presence of larval gue situation on the ground. (cdc.gov)

In the de- lipas, Mexico (n = 600), in 2004 to assess dengue sero- bate over the potential for expansion of dengue and malaria prevalence. (cdc.gov)
and Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública and Matamoros to measure dengue prevalence in the re- de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico gion. (cdc.gov)
A Z-test was conducted to compare the prevalence between people with and without epilepsy at the statistical significance level of 0.05. (cdc.gov)
In the tropical and subtropical climate areas, the prevalence of the enteroviral infections is year-round. (medscape.com)

The incidence of coxsackievirus B infection in neonates is 1 in 2000 live births. (medscape.com)
This intervention forms the basis of an epidemiological study to assess the impact of operational deployment of wMel Wolbachia on the reduction of the incidence of notified dengue cases and virologically-confirmed dengue. (mvcac.org)
Incidence of dengue has increased many fold in the past 50 years and has expanded to areas that were previously free from the disease. (who.int)
Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)

The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination. (utmb.edu)

A 4 fold rise or greater in neutralizing antibody titre, is required to document a 'confirmed case' of infection with associated illness. (canada.ca)
The disease is endemic in at least 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics with 50 - 100 million infections and 22,000 deaths yearly, causing it to be the leading cause of illness and death in these regions (Waggoner et al. (frontiersin.org)

ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
2016 . Dengue infection . (ajtmh.org)
PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)

In these cases, immunoglobulin (Ig) M and neutralizing antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)

The CDC method was only able to categorize a recent nonspecific flavivirus infection in most cases. (tulane.edu)

Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
Only Canada and continental Chile are free from dengue and its vector. (paho.org)

Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)

To demonstrate seroconversion, both acute and convalescent samples must be tested in parallel. (canada.ca)

All patients with clinically suspected dengue should receive appropriate management to reduce the risk for hemorrhagic medical complications. (cdc.gov)
So, in addition to studying viruses that cause diseases that you would recognize as being due to infection like pneumonia or hemorrhagic fevers or diarrhea or skin infections that you can readily see, we also study the role of viruses in autism and cancer and diabetes, a whole range of interesting conditions that you wouldn't think of as necessarily being due to infection. (amnh.org)

The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)

The behavior of Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Curlex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)

This is because the immune response from the first infection increases the risk of developing DHF upon re-infection, a phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement. (tanzirislambritto.com)
Instead, they form complexes with the virus that are more readily taken up by cells involved in the immune response. (tanzirislambritto.com)

Co-infections with other arboviruses may impact adversely on the management of these diseases individually. (bvsalud.org)
ABSTRACT Dengue is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases. (who.int)
Dengue virus is transmitted to was approved by the Ethics Committee borne viral diseases worldwide ( 1 ). (who.int)
e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)

The proportion of fetuses and infants with Zika virus-associated birth defects was highest among those with first trimester Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
The severity of the coxsackievirus B infection is highest in infants and children. (medscape.com)
In infants who develop coxsackievirus B infection, 10% die, usually within the first 4 weeks of life most commonly from cardiac involvement. (medscape.com)
This work also directly led to the development of a new antibody (Nirsevimab) that can protect premature infants after one dose for an entire winter season against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (uvm.edu)
CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
These guidelines include recommendations for the testing and management of these infants. (blogspot.com)

The books were a pictorial guide displaying the problems children with congenital infection syndromes, such as Congenital Zika Syndromes can suffer. (ukri.org)
Production of Artwork by families with children affected by Congenital Zika Syndrome as an exercise to discover and learn more about zika virus. (ukri.org)

This study randomly recruited 496 malaria-suspected patients who visited selected health institutions in Adamawa, Bauchi, and Borno states for malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)

Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)

To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)

Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms84

Diseases42

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care9

Geographicals7

Antibodies45

Flaviviruses10

DENV31

PRNT11

Clinical26

Aedes20

Chikungunya viruses5

Areas where dengue is endemic2

Zika Virus Infection30

Asymptomatic9

Reduction neutralization test3

West Nile13

Serum11

Fever24

Viral infections5

Vaccine11

ZIKV25

Mosquito16

Symptoms3

20232

Serologic2

Diagnosis3

Mosquitoes4

Serotypes of dengue virus1

ELISA5

Outbreaks6

Outbreak8

Symptomatic3

World Health Organ2

Severe10

Laboratory10

Immunity4

Serotype4

Epidemiology4

Antigen5

Diagnostic5

Past dengue1

Prevalence4

Incidence4

Assay1

Illness2

20163

Immunoglobulin1

Flavivirus infection1

Vector2

Intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital1

Acute1

Hemorrhagic2

Humans2

Encephalitis virus2

Immune Response2

Diseases4

Infants6

Congenital2

Malaria1

Cross-reactivity1

Heterotypic1

Prevention2