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Basilar ArteryArteriesMyocardial InfarctionVertebrobasilar InsufficiencyInfarctionCerebral InfarctionCerebral ArteriesVertebral ArteryBrain Stem InfarctionsPulmonary ArterySubarachnoid HemorrhageCarotid ArteriesCerebral AngiographyVasospasm, IntracranialMesenteric ArteriesFemoral ArteryRenal ArteryCoronary Artery BypassVasodilationCarotid Artery, InternalVasoconstrictionThrombolytic TherapyTreatment OutcomeTime FactorsIntracranial AneurysmCoronary AngiographyMuscle, Smooth, VascularCoronary VesselsMagnetic Resonance AngiographyArterial Occlusive DiseasesTomography, X-Ray ComputedIliac ArteryDogsVasodilator AgentsElectrocardiographyCerebrovascular CirculationRadial ArteryCarotid Artery DiseasesMammary ArteriesAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronaryRisk FactorsProspective StudiesSubclavian ArteryMiddle Cerebral ArterySerotoninStentsIntracranial Embolism and ThrombosisFibrinolytic AgentsCoronary DiseaseIschemic Attack, TransientSplenic ArteryBrachial ArteryCircle of WillisPotassium ChlorideCarotid Artery, CommonRabbitsInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryPapaverineIntracranial ArteriosclerosisVasoconstrictor AgentsMuscle ContractionCerebrovascular DisordersStrokeHepatic ArteryEndothelium, VascularPicolinesRetrospective StudiesAngiography, Digital SubtractionAngiographyUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialBrain IschemiaSplenic InfarctionSumatriptanAcetylcholineAnterior Wall Myocardial InfarctionMagnetic Resonance ImagingPonsAneurysm, RupturedMyocardial ReperfusionAcute DiseaseCeliac ArteryDisease Models, AnimalPredictive Value of TestsEmbolization, TherapeuticMesenteric Artery, SuperiorOphthalmic ArteryVentricular RemodelingPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsCoronary CirculationTissue Plasminogen ActivatorHemodynamicsRenal Artery ObstructionIntracranial ThrombosisMyocardiumThoracic ArteriesVasomotor SystemNitroglycerinUmbilical ArteriesRecurrenceDose-Response Relationship, Drug

Vertebral arteryOcclusionThrombolysis in cerebral infarctionIntracranial arteryStenosisMiddle meningOphthalmic arteryAneurysmCerebralSubarachnoid hemorrhageRecanalizationArterial sideVeinsLesionsVesselCarotidPerforatorsBranchesAnterior and posteriorVascularCollateralFistulasIntraduralHypertensionAnatomyMagneticSecondaryWallsSupplyTreatmentResultPortionDisordersInternalFlowMultiple

Vertebral artery4

• Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a relatively rare but increasingly recognized cause of stroke in patients younger than 45 years. (medscape.com)
• A, Dissection of the left vertebral artery secondary to guidewire injury. (medscape.com)
• This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and technical considerations of flow diverter (FD) treatment using a Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) for unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs). (neurointervention.org)
• As compared to patients in Western countries, intracranial arterial dissections in Koreans occur most commonly in the posterior circulation, particularly in the vertebral artery (VA) [ 1 , 6 ]. (neurointervention.org)

Occlusion6

• Here, we report a case of mechanical thrombectomy for acute basilar artery occlusion via the PHA. (bvsalud.org)
• PHA was demonstrated and basilar artery occlusion was confirmed using digital subtraction angiography. (bvsalud.org)
• Recognition of this rare variation is particularly important for interventional strategy determination and rapid recanalization of basilar artery occlusion. (bvsalud.org)
• Methods@#From December 2010 to June 2021, six hundred eight patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large artery occlusion received MT using a stent retriever with or without an aspiration catheter in our institution. (bvsalud.org)
• This retrospective study assessed the safety and efficacy of Neuroform Atlas stenting as a rescue treatment after failure of mechanical thrombetomy (MT) for large artery occlusion. (bvsalud.org)
• Figure 2: The relevant segmental anatomy of the SCA is shown (images courtesy of AL Rhoton, Jr). Early identification and occlusion of the AVM-associated arteries arising from this vascular tree is part the key maneuver to tackle tentorial and cerebellopontine (CP) angle AVMs. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction2

• Mechanical thrombectomy with a stent retriever and aspiration was performed via the PHA, and modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction level 3 was achieved. (bvsalud.org)
• The clinical outcomes, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, the first pass reperfusion status, and complications were evaluated and compared between the two groups. (bvsalud.org)

Intracranial artery2

• The rate of intracranial artery involvement from dissection is exceptionally high in Asia [ 3 - 5 ]. (neurointervention.org)
• Conclusions@#MT fails due to various reasons, and intracranial artery stenosis is the main cause of MT failure. (bvsalud.org)

Stenosis2

• Compromise of perforating branches of the basilar artery resulting in brain stem infarctions has been described as a major complication of intracranial stent placement for basilar artery stenosis or after implantation of endovascular flow diverters. (ajnr.org)
• There was one middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm with parent artery stenosis, two MCA dissections, and four intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses (ICASs). (bvsalud.org)

Middle mening1

• On occasion, the persistent stapedial branch of the petrous segment traverses a bony canal and continues as the middle meningeal artery. (medscape.com)

Ophthalmic artery2

• The cavernous segment averages 39 mm in length and gives rise to far more branches, including the meningohypophyseal trunk, the anterior meningeal artery, the artery to the inferior portion of the cavernous sinus, and the ophthalmic artery. (medscape.com)
• The accessory meningeal retrogradely supplies the ophthalmic artery proper, contributing to reconstitution of the intradural left ICA. (neuroangio.org)

Aneurysm1

• Basilar Flow-related aneurysm pipeline device embolization . (neuroangio.org)

Cerebral3

• Lateral projection of a left common carotid artery injection that displays the order of branching in the intracranial carotid, including 1: ophthalmic, 2: posterior communicating, 3: anterior choroidal, and 4: anterior cerebral arteries. (medscape.com)
• This artery arises from the common carotid artery in the neck, entering the head at skull base via the carotid canal, and terminates at the bifurcation into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). (medscape.com)
• The PCoA extends posteriorly to connect with the primary segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), allowing collateral flow to pass between the anterior and posterior circulations. (medscape.com)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage1

• Cervicocephalic artery dissection can result in ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage, affecting young or middle-aged adults [ 1 , 2 ]. (neurointervention.org)

Recanalization1

• The pathogenesis of sDAVFs is yet to be fully elucidated, conversely to their intracranial counterparts, in which dural venous thrombosis and neoangiogenesis contribute to the abnormal recanalization of the primitive direct connections between the arteries and veins around the major dural venous sinuses. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Arterial side2

• On 2D and 3D DSA images, small arterial side branches of the basilar artery can be demonstrated in each of the cases but with a wide variation in the visibility of these vessels. (ajnr.org)
• The difference is that a radiculopial artery was also recruited into supplying the arterial side of the fistula. (neuroangio.org)

Veins3

• Angiology - is the medical specialty which studies the diseases of the circulatory system and of the lymphatic system, i.e., arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels, and its diseases. (wikipedia.org)
• A diagram of a simple spinal fistula between the anterior spinal artery and adjacent surface spinal veins is shown below. (neuroangio.org)
• and Packing Coil, which is uniquely designed to pack densely behind Ruby and POD to occlude arteries and veins throughout the peripheral vasculature, including aneurysms. (penumbrainc.com)

Lesions2

• Other types of pathology in the brain stem segment are neoplasms (mostly glioma and metastases), vascular lesions (infarction, cavernoma) and infections (rhombencephalitis). (radiologyassistant.nl)
• Approximately 15% of these lesions derive their vascular supply from the internal iliac arteries, and 5-15% from the intercostal arteries. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Vessel2

• In order to restore blood supply and treat the narrowing of the arteries, the blocked portion of the artery is bypassed or rerouted with another piece of vessel, this is called CABG surgery1. (nursinganswers.net)
• Placing guidewire too distal in the pulmonary vasculature or excessive manipulation of aspiration/guiding catheter in the smaller, peripheral, and segmental pulmonary artery branches can result in vessel perforation. (penumbrainc.com)

Carotid3

• The internal carotid artery (ICA) embryologically develops from the third primitive aortic arch. (medscape.com)
• The 2 ACAs connect through the anterior communicating artery (ACoA), thus joining the left and right carotid circulations. (medscape.com)
• Persistent hypoglossal artery (PHA) is a rare carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis in adults. (bvsalud.org)

Perforators1

• This gives rise to the superior hypophyseal perforators to the anterior pituitary and stalk, posterior communicating artery (PCoA), and anterior choroidal artery (AChA) before bifurcating into the ACA and MCA (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Branches5

• however, there is a lack of consistent presentation of the small branches of the basilar artery in the imaging literature. (ajnr.org)
• Compared with 2D DSA images, 3D DSA reconstructions allow superior visualization of the small branches of the basilar artery. (ajnr.org)
• No zone of basilar artery is free from important side branches. (ajnr.org)
• 4 We hypothesized that the 3D-rotation technique allows superior visualization of the small branches of the basilar artery than 2D DSA images do. (ajnr.org)
• Cortical branches of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) form the main arterial supply to the cerebellum and participate in AVMs of the region. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Anterior and posterior1

• Computed tomography angiography showed the absence of the basilar artery and an abnormal anastomosis between the anterior and posterior circulation. (bvsalud.org)

Vascular1

• Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are a heterogeneous group of predominantly acquired pathologic vascular malformations that are defined by an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Collateral1

• Collateral pathways between circumferential and perforating arteries are occasionally detectable. (ajnr.org)

Fistulas5

• It is not a spinal dural fistula, because dural fistulas form in the dura (usually in the nerve root sleeve, although Spetzler insisted on a subarachnoid location just within the nerve root sleeve) and DO NOT involve arteries that supply the spinal cord. (neuroangio.org)
• The intradural fistulas range from single artery-to-vein connection to increasing arterial feeder complexity. (neuroangio.org)
• More complex fistulas can have both anterior spinal and posterior spinal artery supply, such as this diagram below. (neuroangio.org)
• Again, what all of these fistulas have in common is 1) supply by artery or arteries of the spinal cord and 2) lack of nidus. (neuroangio.org)
• This is particularly true about the more complex fistulas with multiple feeding arteries. (neuroangio.org)

Intradural1

• When a fistula develops between any artery supplying the spinal cord and a spinal cord vein, it is called an intradural (pial) fistula. (neuroangio.org)

Hypertension1

• The usual mechanism is thought to be leakage from small intracerebral arteries damaged by chronic hypertension. (medscape.com)

Anatomy2

• The microvascular anatomy of the vertebrobasilar junction and the distal basilar tip has been described in detail in the neurosurgical and neuroradiologic literature. (ajnr.org)
• Figure 3: The relevant segmental anatomy of the AICA is shown (images courtesy of AL Rhoton, Jr). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Magnetic1

• Arteries to the brain on magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA). (medscape.com)

Secondary1

• Despite the well-known risk factors, the pathogenesis of ICH is unclear, and the site of bleeding has rarely been demonstrated histologically due to the difficulty in examining tissue destroyed by hemorrhage as well as secondary bleeding caused by the disruption of surrounding arteries [ 12 , 13 ]. (nature.com)

Walls1

• CAD is a disease that causes narrowing of the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle) due to the accumulation of fatty deposits called plaques within the walls of the arteries. (nursinganswers.net)

Supply2

• Blockage of the coronary arteries will cause the heart muscle to weaken due to inadequate blood supply, leading to a condition called ischemia. (nursinganswers.net)
• These trunks also give rise to smaller precerebellar arteries supplying the deep cerebellar nuclei, and are particularly important as they become the deep perforating arterial supply to cerebellar AVMs. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Treatment1

• Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (CABG) is a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). (nursinganswers.net)

Result1

• The dural fistula becomes symptomatic as a result of spinal venous congestion, and not because the fistula directly involves a spinal cord artery. (neuroangio.org)

Portion2

• 5 ⇓ - 7 Remarkably, there are no comparable descriptions of the proximal and middle portion of the basilar artery in the imaging and neurosurgical literature. (ajnr.org)
• This portion gives rise to the caroticotympanic artery, supplying the tympanic cavity, and the pterygoid or vidian branch passing through the pterygoid canal. (medscape.com)

Disorders1

• Intracranial arteries are involved in many neurologic disorders. (medscape.com)

Internal1

• [ 3 ] The vidian artery anastomoses with the internal maxillary artery. (medscape.com)

Flow1

• If the blood flow is not restored to the particular area of the heart muscle, the tissue dies, leading to myocardial infarction or heart attack. (nursinganswers.net)

Multiple1

• Again, though having multiple feeding arteries, the fistula itself is a "single hole", as most of them are, despite what they might appear. (neuroangio.org)