• Maternal obesity is a global health problem that increases offspring obesity risk. (jci.org)
  • The metabolic pathways underlying early developmental programming in human infants at risk for obesity remain poorly understood, largely due to barriers in fetal/infant tissue sampling. (jci.org)
  • Utilizing umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSC) from offspring of normal weight and obese mothers, we tested whether energy metabolism and gene expression differ in differentiating uMSC myocytes and adipocytes, in relation to maternal obesity exposures and/or neonatal adiposity. (jci.org)
  • Metabolic and biosynthetic processes were enriched in differential gene expression analysis related to maternal obesity. (jci.org)
  • In uMSC adipocytes, maternal obesity and lipids were associated with downregulation in multiple insulin-dependent energy-sensing pathways including PI3K and AMPK. (jci.org)
  • Overall, our data revealed cell-specific alterations in metabolism and gene expression that correlated with maternal obesity and adiposity of their offspring, suggesting tissue-specific metabolic and regulatory changes in these newborn cells. (jci.org)
  • The overarching goals of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity are to provide policy recommendations to governments to prevent infants, children and adolescents from developing obesity, and to identify and treat pre-existing obesity in children and adolescents. (who.int)
  • The prevalence of infant, childhood and adolescent obesity is rising around the world. (who.int)
  • The workshop provided insights of primary measurements for the characterization of sustainable nutritional intervention strategies in the mother, infant and child for preventing obesity in later life. (karger.com)
  • The findings could contribute to earlier identification of infants at risk of obesity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The impact of maternal obesity extends beyond birth, being independently associated with an increased risk of child obesity. (springer.com)
  • In overweight and obese pregnant women, we found no evidence that maternal dietary and/or lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies the risk of early childhood obesity. (springer.com)
  • Various inter-related factors, including parental genotype and shared obesogenic environment, contribute to an individual's risk of obesity in childhood, and prenatal exposures, particularly high maternal body mass index (BMI), are important [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • While the impact of maternal obesity extends beyond birth, being independently associated with an increased risk of early infant and childhood obesity [ 3 ], the extent to which the effect of maternal BMI may be modified by maternal diet and/or lifestyle remains unclear [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • We used a Japanese macaque model to investigate whether maternal obesity combined with a Western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring muscle insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • His current research focuses on developing and using advanced pediatric neuroimaging methods to evaluate the effects of nutrition/obesity/environmental factors on early brain development in infants and young children. (archildrens.org)
  • Randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving a dietary intervention with pregnant women (healthy pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity) and reporting fetal cord-blood insulin, c-peptide, glucose or adiposity estimates were included. (bvsalud.org)
  • The risk of childhood obesity is increased among infants who had overweight or obesity at birth, but in low-resource settings one in five infants are born small for gestational age. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • The issue of maternal obesity has become a major public health problem. (lenus.ie)
  • The findings, published 26 Aug 2022 in the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology , could contribute to earlier identification of infants at risk of obesity - one of the world's most pressing public health issues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Keywords Gut microbiome Infant development Early programming Immune disease Obesity Autism spectrum disorder Introduction industrial revolution, the discovery of antibiotics, the creation of agri-business, and recently the elaboration and massive dis- Human evolution has been punctuated by precise moments tribution of processed foods [1]. (sagepub.com)
  • Low birth weight, poor infant nutrition, and rapid childhood weight gain and obesity are well-established risk factors for poor health trajectories and development of NCDs in later life. (helti.org)
  • Other key outcomes at 5 years include: overweight and obesity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and infant/child neurodevelopmental outcomes. (helti.org)
  • Accessible Version: www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/17_0129.htm maternal severe obesity [BMI 35.0 kg/m2]) and children's beha- vioral factors (fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, Suggested citation for this article: Salahuddin M, Pérez A, screen time) with severe obesity (BMI 120% of 95th percentile), Ranjit N, Kelder SH, Barlow SE, Pont SJ, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Higher Birthweight and Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI Persist with Obesity Association at Age 9 in High Risk Latino Children. (ucsf.edu)
  • Infants born to overweight and obese women are at increased risk for neural tube defects (12), large for gestational age (13), childhood obesity (14), and type 2 diabetes in adulthood (15). (cdc.gov)
  • Exploring the causal effect of maternal pregnancy adiposity on offspring adiposity: Mendelian randomisation using polygenic risk scores. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Studies reviewed showed no specific effect of maternal diet on neonatal cord blood insulin, c-peptide or glucose levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, the modifying effect of maternal ethnicity remains little explored among South Asians. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • In women carrying females, there was a mediated effect of maternal BMI on birthweight by hCG in the reverse direction (−0.06, 95% CI: −0.12, 0.01), and a mediated interaction in the positive direction (0.06, 95% CI 0.00, 0.13). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Maternal diet apparently does not have a significant role on neonatal cord blood insulin, C-peptide, or plasma glucose levels although a lower maternal glycemic load appears to be associated with lower adiposity in infants born to these women. (medscape.com)
  • 4 kg were also associated with lower adiposity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Subobjective 1C: We will define the relationship between maternal and infant carotenoid status at birth and 8 wk in lean and obese mothers. (usda.gov)
  • This new research will examine the relationship between maternal sugar levels during pregnancy and fetal adiposity in utero. (ucd.ie)
  • This review examines the relationship between maternal dietary exposures and sub-clinical fetal hyperinsulinaemia and neonatal adiposity. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study examines the relationship between maternal blood lipid status and infant adiposity up to 2 years of age.MethodsData from 331 mother-child pairs from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study was analysed. (scite.ai)
  • José Villar , Professor of Perinatal Medicine at the University of Oxford, who co-led the study said: 'This is the first comprehensive evidence, across geographic populations, of the complex interaction between maternal and fetal metabolism that regulates, early in pregnancy, unique fetal trajectories linked specifically to weight, adiposity and development during childhood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They found that maternal fat metabolism as early as the 5th month of pregnancy, and the growth of the fetal abdomen growth patterns of fetal abdominal growth associated with maternal lipid metabolites that track newborn growth, adiposity and development into childhood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The goal of the MAMMA ( MAternal Metabolic Markers of infant Adiposity ) Study is to determine how maternal fat metabolism in early pregnancy programs placental lipid metabolism and a baby's fat deposition. (placentascience.com)
  • We further show that DNA methylation is predictably influenced by periconceptional maternal plasma biomarker concentrations of key micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. (fertilityacupuncturistseattle.com)
  • Suggested citation for this article: Coleman-Phox K, Laraia BA, Adler N, Vieten C, Thomas M, Epel E. Recruitment and Retention of Pregnant Women for a Behavioral Intervention: Lessons from the Maternal Adiposity, Metabolism, and Stress (MAMAS) Study. (cdc.gov)
  • We examined recruitment and retention strategies used in the Maternal Adiposity, Metabolism, and Stress (MAMAS) study (National Institutes of Health [NIH], ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. (cdc.gov)
  • A new study, led by researchers at the University of Oxford, UK, in collaboration with the University of California, Berkeley, USA, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology identifies, as early as the 5th month of pregnancy, patterns of fetal abdominal growth associated with maternal lipid metabolites that track newborn growth, adiposity and development into childhood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Begg et al (2013) Maternal adiposity and newborn vascular health. (dietinpregnancy.co.uk)
  • Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Lack of partner impacts newborn health through maternal depression: A pilot study of low-income immigrant Latina women. (ucsf.edu)
  • Biomarkers of incomplete β-oxidation were uniquely positively correlated with infant adiposity and maternal lipid levels in uMSC myocytes from offspring of obese mothers only. (jci.org)
  • The level of several of these maternal biomarkers predicts increased/decreased methylation at metastable epialleles in DNA extracted from lymphocytes and hair follicles in infants postnatally. (fertilityacupuncturistseattle.com)
  • These findings motivate research to consider first trimester placental biomarkers and sex-specific mechanisms when quantifying the effects of maternal adiposity on fetal growth. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Assessing secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke exposure in Canadian infants using questionnaires, biomarkers, and machine learning. (childstudy.ca)
  • RESULTS: MV and MR consistently showed a positive association between maternal BMI and BW, supporting a moderate causal effect. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated an association between maternal hyperglycemia and increased adiposity in newborns. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • The FEED Study is a pilot study in partnership with Tufts Medical Center that aims to investigate the association between maternal feeding styles during infancy and infant adiposity. (childobesity180.org)
  • Because the AR reflects particular BMI patterns, it is a useful tool for the paediatrician to monitor the child's adiposity development and for researchers to investigate the different developmental patterns leading to overweight. (nature.com)
  • Global research efforts to date have focused on antenatal dietary and/or lifestyle interventions with the intention of limiting gestational weight gain (GWG) to improve health outcomes both for the woman and her infant. (springer.com)
  • There was little evidence of an effect on the pre-specified composite maternal and infant outcomes, including birth weight [ 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
  • These distinct phenotypes had matching feto-placental blood flow patterns throughout pregnancy, and different growth, adiposity, vision, and neurodevelopment outcomes in early childhood. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Since infant nutrition, growth, development, and health are interrelated, the effects of breastfeeding and maternal nutrition on each of these outcomes were reviewed. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Summary: This article, published in Pediatrics in January 2009, revealed how program enrollment and infant health outcomes would have changed if the 2006 World. (iycn.org)
  • The HeLTI research hypothesis is that integrated interventions administered pre-conceptionally and at appropriate points across the life-course (pregnancy, infancy and early childhood) will reduce childhood adiposity, improve cardiovascular and metabolic health, and improve child neurodevelopmental outcomes. (helti.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to maternal metabolic complications has been linked to offspring neurodevelopmental problems. (mcmaster.ca)
  • However, no studies investigating these links have examined the role of maternal prenatal diet. (mcmaster.ca)
  • AIMS: To determine if prenatal exposure to maternal adiposity or hyperglycemia is associated with neurodevelopmental problems in 3-4 year old children, and if links persist following adjustment for confounding variables, including prenatal diet. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Associations were examined before and after adjustment for prenatal diet along with home environment, maternal depression, education and prenatal smoking. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Even while adjusting for well-known risk factors for adverse offspring cognition (home environment, maternal depression), we show for the first time that maternal prenatal diet is an important confounder of the links between maternal metabolic complications and offspring cognition. (mcmaster.ca)
  • The maternal prenatal and offspring early-life gut microbiome of childhood asthma phenotypes. (childstudy.ca)
  • Rapid infant weight gain and prenatal maternal depression are associated with prehypertension/hypertension before age 9. (ucsf.edu)
  • The full paper, ' Association between fetal abdominal growth trajectories, maternal metabolite signatures early in pregnancy, and childhood growth and adiposity: prospective observational multinational INTERBIO-21st fetal study ', can be read in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology . (ox.ac.uk)
  • WRAP-Association-between-fetal-abdominal-growth-trajectories-maternal-metabolite-signatures-early-in-pregnancy-and-childhood-growth-and-adiposity-Zammit-2022.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Early pregnancy lipid biology associated with fetal abdominal growth trajectories is an indicator of patterns of growth, adiposity, vision, and neurodevelopment up to the age of 2 years. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • hCG was associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) and with birthweight. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • The primary aim here was to evaluate hCG as a mediator of maternal BMI effects on birthweight by causal mediation analysis. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • The 4-way decomposition method using med4way (STATA) was applied to screen for 5 types of effects of first trimester maternal BMI on birthweight: the total effect, the direct effect, mediation by hCG, additive interaction of BMI and hCG, and mediation in the presence of an additive interaction. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • For first trimester hCG, there was a 0.20 standard deviation increase in birthweight at the 75th vs. 25th percentile of maternal BMI (95% CI 0.04, 0.36). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • In women carrying males, the maternal BMI effect on birthweight was reverse mediated by PAPPA (−0.09, 95% CI: −0.17, 0.00). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • For example, we are both committed to investigating fetal adiposity in utero. (ucd.ie)
  • Working with Dr Stuart, she will undertake clinical research on fetal adiposity in utero in the Ultrasound Departments of both Mount Carmel Hospital and the Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital. (ucd.ie)
  • Thus, maternal lipid concentrations may exert in-utero influences on infant body composition. (scite.ai)
  • The proposition dow in the establishment of microbiome-host interactions, the that maternal bacteria reach the fetal gut is ground breaking, as precise boundaries of this window and the impact of microbial these organisms could start marking the trajectories of im- changes during later periods of infancy and childhood on life- mune, metabolic, and somatic development in utero, with long disease risks remain to be determined. (sagepub.com)
  • The maternal metabolite signatures included 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, and 11 phosphatidylcholines linked to oxylipin or saturated fatty acid sidechains. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • METHOD: 808 mother-child pairs from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals-Child Development Plus cohort were used to examine associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), hyperglycemia and offspring verbal, performance and full-scale IQ scores, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Association between micronutrients and maternal leukocyte telomere length in early pregnancy in Rwanda. (ucsf.edu)
  • As an affiliated teaching hospital to UCD, it will now link in to the university's obstetrics and gynaecology training complementing the existing teaching capacity at the National Maternity Hospital, Holles St and the Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital. (ucd.ie)
  • Here, we use Mendelian randomisation (MR) with polygenic risk scores (PRS) to investigate whether associations between maternal pre-/early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring adiposity from birth to adolescence are causal. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The infants' health, growth, and development were monitored from birth to age 2 years. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Using multivariate linear regression models, we evaluated effect modification by maternal ethnicity ("white British" or "Pakistani origin," self-reported) on the associations of air pollution and birth weight, head circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Infant anthropometric measurements and skin-fold thicknesses were recorded at birth, 6 months and 2 years. (scite.ai)
  • No other maternal blood lipids were associated with infant weight or adiposity up to 2 years of age.ConclusionMaternal and fetal triglycerides were associated with birth weight and cord HDL-C with weight at 6 months. (scite.ai)
  • The stores of many nutrients increase substantially during the last trimester of pregnancy and tend to be higher in infants with higher birth weight or greater gestational age. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Correction: Maternal genitourinary infections and poor nutritional status increase risk of preterm birth in Gasabo District, Rwanda: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study. (ucsf.edu)
  • Excess pregnancy weight gain in latinas: Impact on infant's adiposity and growth hormones at birth. (ucsf.edu)
  • Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolic Capacity Differ by FUT2 Secretor Status in Exclusively Breastfed Infants. (cdc.gov)
  • A major polymorphism in the fucosyltransferase2 (FUT2) gene influences risk of multiple gut diseases, but its impact on the microbiome of breastfed infants was unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, there is growing evidence that CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain early microbiome-host interactions during fetus development Curr Envir Health Rpt (2018) 5:512-521 513 and early infancy are critical factors that will determine life- early onset of type 2 diabetes [33], and, in the latter case, the long health or disease states [9-11]. (sagepub.com)
  • Alterations in the Gut Microbiome at 6 Months of Age in Obese Latino Infants. (ucsf.edu)
  • Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore associations between maternal blood lipid status and infant adiposity.ResultsAll maternal blood lipids increased significantly during pregnancy. (scite.ai)
  • Maternal adiposity, currently widespread, was not demonstrated to substantially modify these associations. (nih.gov)
  • States because of its high prevalence, adverse metabolic effects, els adjusted for sociodemographic covariates were used to exam- racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities, and high economic ine associations of children's early-life and maternal factors costs. (cdc.gov)
  • This study investigated the associations between cortisol and lipids in human milk at the infant age of 2.5 months. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the conclusion of the study, total AT volume was significantly higher in infants born to mothers with GDM at 10 weeks of age compared to controls. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • My research focuses on the nutrition of women and infants, infant and young child feeding, breastfeeding promotion and protection, growth of infants and children, body composition of infants, children and pregnant women, as well as community and international interventions for nutrition and health. (uga.edu)
  • For more information, see the Maternal and Child Nutrition Laboratory . (uga.edu)
  • Met behulp van statistische software werden deze relaties nagegaan bij een groep van Europese kinderen en adolescenten die deelnamen aan de HELENA studie (HELENA is de afkorting van HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence). (scriptiebank.be)
  • These fetal growth patterns are also associated with blood flow and nutrient transfer by the placenta, demonstrating a complex interaction between maternal and fetal nutrition early in pregnancy that influences postnatal weight and eventually adult health. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Because the exclusively breastfed infant is entirely dependent upon the mother for nutrition, the subcommittee examined the evidence relating maternal nutrition to infant health. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Thus, there is a complex interrelationship between maternal nutrition, volume and composition of the milk, and the vigor of the infant. (nationalacademies.org)
  • This was a prospective, observational study of AT deposition in infants born to mothers with GDM in a single teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • It can be attributable to the high-protein, low-fat diet fed to infants at a time of high energy needs, the former triggering height velocity and the latter decreasing the energy density of the diet and then reducing energy intake. (nature.com)
  • Through these studies we will determine if maternal carotenoid status changes over the course of pregnancy and if that change can be explained by changes in maternal carotenoid intake and body composition. (usda.gov)
  • Recordings of maternal dietary intake and nutrient status are often limited and potential correlations with gestational weight gain have been poorly studied. (karger.com)
  • Maternal dietary fat intake was positively associated with total cholesterol levels in early pregnancy. (scite.ai)
  • it is vital to understand how maternal diet during pregnancy influences childhood body composition. (scite.ai)
  • There may be potential to modulate infant body composition through alteration of maternal diet during pregnancy. (scite.ai)
  • Maternal diet has been shown to influence DNA methylation patterns in offspring, but research in humans is limited. (scite.ai)
  • As discussed in Chapters 5 and 6 , the adequacy of the maternal diet may affect the formation, composition, or secretion of milk. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In experimental animals, maternal diet during the periconceptional period influences the establishment of DNA methylation at metastable epialleles in the offspring, with permanent phenotypic consequences. (fertilityacupuncturistseattle.com)
  • The Relationship Between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of South Asian Infants at 1 Year. (childstudy.ca)
  • From a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) perspective, it is plausible that maternal dietary modification in pregnancy may have effects on the offspring which do not become evident until childhood [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • CONCLUSION: In the adjusted models, maternal metabolic complications were not associated with offspring neurodevelopment. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Adiposity, inflammation, genetic variants and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer findings from a prospective-specimen-collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design approach. (sutterhealth.org)
  • 1. In a prospective study of 42 infants of mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM), there was a significant increase in total adipose tissue (AT) volume at 10 weeks of age compared to the control group. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • GDM was diagnosed in mothers using criteria of fasting plasma glucose ≥5.3 mmol/L or 2-h plasma glucose concentration of ≥7.8 mmol/L. Key exclusion criteria includes mothers with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and small-for-gestational age infants. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • At the post-natal visit, mothers will participate in the same tests, will be asked to provide a breast milk sample and infant anthropometrics and carotenoid status will be assessed by blood sampling and dermal carotenoid intensity measures. (usda.gov)
  • We aimed to investigate this association, exploring the potential modifying roles of age at diagnosis and maternal anthropometrics, using prospectively collected data from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium. (nih.gov)
  • Infants born to mothers who followed a low glycaemic load (GL) had lower skin fold thickness compared to controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2. There was no significant change in AT distribution or intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) content between infants of mothers with GDM and control infants. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • The study prospectively analyzed 42 infants of mothers with GDM and 44 control infants with MRI and spectroscopy for total AT volume, distribution, and IHCL. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • The results of this study support the hypothesis that infants born to mothers with GDM develop increased adiposity compared to controls, which may contribute to the risk of future metabolic sequelae in this patient population. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Full-term infants (37 to 42 weeks gestation) born to mothers with confirmed GDM were recruited. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Overall, 42 infants born to mothers with GDM and 44 control infants were recruited to the study. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • For example, sick infants may be unable to breastfeed because they are separated from their mothers or because they are unable to suckle adequately. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Maternal WSD reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling at the level of Akt phosphorylation in fetal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and postweaning WSD and corresponded to modest reductions in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to controls. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The studies reviewed suggest that lifestyle-based dietary interventions to improve glycaemia (low GL) have a protective effect against excess adiposity. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, since surveys indicate that the breastfeeding mother is less likely to smoke, her infant is at lower risk of respiratory problems from exposure to passive cigarette smoke. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The home environment and maternal depression accounted for significant variance in externalizing problems. (mcmaster.ca)
  • From Feb 8, 2012, to Nov 30, 2019, we enrolled 3598 pregnant women and followed up their infants to 2 years of age. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of health risks. (nature.com)
  • They then monitored the growth and development of the infants until 2 years of age. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Maternal and cord blood will be collected upon delivery for carotenoid analysis. (usda.gov)
  • Maternal dietary intakes were recorded and fasting blood lipids, leptin and HOMA were measured in early and late pregnancy and cord blood. (scite.ai)
  • In contrast, the largest PRS yielded MR estimates with narrower confidence intervals, providing strong evidence that the true causal effect on adolescent adiposity is smaller than the MV estimates (Pdifference = 0.001 for 15-year BMI). (cam.ac.uk)
  • Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most common cause of severe, persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • The primary outcome is adiposity in children at 5 years of age measured by fat mass index. (helti.org)
  • The favorable environment of these women and their infants is associated with a lower risk of many illnesses. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Early pregnancy maternal blood and umbilical cord venous blood samples were collected for untargeted metabolomic analysis. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • between the type of infant feeding and the social status and functioning of the family. (nationalacademies.org)
  • For adiposity at most older ages, although MV estimates indicated a strong positive association, MR estimates did not support a causal effect. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Objective 2: To determine the pharmacokinetic basis for why adiposity affects breast milk carotenoid composition. (usda.gov)