Induction ras proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

A multi-pathway perspective on protein aggregation: implications for control of the rate and extent of amyloid formation. (nih.gov)
Constitutive activation of oncogenic RAS perturbs several cellular signaling cascades, including the MAPK pathway, which RAS accesses via activation of RAF kinase at the plasma membrane (PM). (researchsquare.com)
Closer study of an R-Ras regulated pathway containing the signaling protein ROCK1 showed that inhibition of either R-Ras, R-Ras2 or ROCK1 similarly impaired cellular migration and invasion and altered cellular morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
We found that, under poor environmental conditions, mutations in the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway lead to circular locomotion instead of normal exploratory foraging. (biomedcentral.com)
We have established a new RNAi method that performs simultaneous time- and cell-specific knockdown and have applied this to reveal temporal profiles of the Ras-MAPK pathway in the control of exploratory behavior under poor environmental conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, for detailed analysis of multifunctional genes, such as the components of the Ras-MAPK pathway described below, simultaneous time-specific and cell-specific knockdown is necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation at the embryonic stage [ 6 - 8 ] and regulates synaptic formation required for neural plasticity at the adult stage [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these results suggest that lycopene may inhibit CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction, primarily by blocking prenylation of Ras in a signaling pathway, in which MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and NF-kB are involved. (unicatt.it)
One of these genes, let-60 , encodes a Ras protein that functions as aswitch in the pathway of vulval induction. (pdfdrugs.com)
A set of at least 19 genes act like tumor suppressor genes to antagonize the Ras pathway during vulval development. (pdfdrugs.com)
a G - protein -coupled receptor signalling pathway and the RAS/MAPK cascade. (silverchair.com)
The effects of BMP4, including activation of the Ras-ERK pathway and induction of the neuron marker β-tubulin type III (Tuj1), were blocked by co-treatment of the BMP4 antagonist, noggin. (elsevierpure.com)
The roles of the Ras-ERK pathway in neuronal differentiation by BMP4 were revealed by measuring the effect of the ERK pathway inhibition by dominant negative Ras or PD98059, the MEK specific inhibitor. (elsevierpure.com)
BMP4 is a transcriptional target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and both the mRNA and protein levels of BMP4 were increased by treatment of valproic acid (VPA), a chemical inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
The BMP4- mimicking effects of VPA, activation of the Ras-ERK pathway and induction of Tuj1, also were blocked by noggin. (elsevierpure.com)
The MAP kinase pathway is coupled to tyrosine kinase receptors by the small GTP-binding protein Ras, which initiates a protein kinase cascade leading to MAP kinase (ERK) activation. (oupsupport.com)
The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway plays a central role in tumorigenesis and is a target for anticancer therapy. (aging-us.com)
The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
Oncogenic Ras induces the constitutive activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, activates other effector pathways, in particular, PI3K-mTOR signaling [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. (amegroups.org)
The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is required for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)

SRA-13, a member of the SRA family of chemosensory receptors, negatively regulates RAS/MAPK signalling during vulval induction and the olfaction of volatile attractants. (silverchair.com)
In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)

see RTKRas/MAP kinase signaling ), LIN-12 (see LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans ), and WNT (see Wnt signaling ), as well as the functions of the SynMuv and mediator proteins (see Transcriptional regulation ). (wormbook.org)
The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) as well as PD-L1 were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
A Drosophila SH2-SH3 adaptor protein implicated in coupling the sevenless tyrosine kinase to an activator of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, Sos. (wikidata.org)
We recently showed that NANOG-mediated induction of Aurora A kinase (AURKA), an upstream kinase for aPKCζ, and repression of Lethal Giant Larva 2 (LGL2 or LLGL2), an aPKCζ inhibitor, leads to aPKCζ upregulation and activation. (nature.com)
demonstrated that heterotrimeric G - protein signaling can promote EGFR and MAP kinase activation(reviewed by Gschwind et al. (silverchair.com)
2002 ). In some instances, G - proteins promote metalloprotease-dependent shedding of the EGFR ligand, HBEGF, whereas in other cases G - proteins promote MAP kinase. (silverchair.com)
Such a rise in cAMP seemed to involve G - protein -mediated signaling and protein kinase A (PKA) stimulation, based on the inhibition of 5-HT-induced GVBD by specific antagonists of these transduction steps. (silverchair.com)
Most actions of cAMP are mediated by protein kinase A, which phosphorylates both metabolic enzymes and the transcription factor CREB. (oupsupport.com)
One of the targets of Akt is the protein kinase mTOR, which is a central regulator of cell growth and couples protein synthesis and autophagy to the availability of growth factors, nutrients, and cellular energy. (oupsupport.com)
They couple to multiple types of G proteins to signal through ras and MAP kinase, rho, phospholipase C and several protein tyrosine kinases. (exalpha.com)

Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, Ras proteins are recognized as major oncogenes, as mutations in all three Ras genes occur in approximately 30% of human cancers [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
29% of melanomas are driven by mutations in N-Ras, while H-Ras mutations appears mutated in 5% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 6% of bladder cancers [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The aim of this study was to analyse EGFR expression, EGFR gene copy number and EGFR and K-RAS mutations in two cohorts of squamous cell carcinomas, specifically anal canal and tonsil carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
EGFR mutations were absent from squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and tonsils, but EGFR protein expression was detected in the majority of the cases. (biomedcentral.com)
All mutations were heterozygous and led to a truncated receptor protein. (ashpublications.org)

How pancreatic RAS tumors protect themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing evidence suggested EMT was involved in cancer invasion, metastasis ( 16 ) and the malignancy of tumors ( 17 ), often marked by reduction of E-cadherin and induction of N-cadherin ( 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, autophagy is currently considered as a promising target for anticancer therapy that can also be successful in mutant Ras-expressing tumors characterized by chemotherapy resistance due to the protective autophagy. (aging-us.com)
Hypercalcemia secondary to gastrointestinal stromal tumors: parathyroid hormone-related protein independent mechanism? (medscape.com)

Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes nervous system tumor pathogenesis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (biomedcentral.com)
Here, the Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) was identified as a potential target of resveratrol, and in vitro binding assay results using resveratrol-conjugated Sepharose 4B beads confirmed their direct binding. (umn.edu)
The engulfment of a dying cell involves two parallel signal transduction pathways: theABC transporter CED-7 promotes cell-corpse recognition by the CED-1 transmembrane receptor, while the CED-2 Crk protein and the CED-10 Rac GTPase promote cytoskeletal reorganization and cell shape changes by the engulfing cell. (pdfdrugs.com)
Growth inhibitory proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) block axon growth and regeneration by signaling to Rho, an intracellular GTPase. (silverchair.com)
Rab GTPases, key regulators of vesicular transport, hydrolyze GTP very slowly unless assisted by Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs). (cipsm.de)
The DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) is a new member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family. (elsevierpure.com)
Ras GTPase is frequently mutated in different types of cancers that correlate with a poor prognosis [ 11 - 15 ]. (aging-us.com)

To investigate whether smoking and HLA-DR shared epitope (SE) genes may interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline-modified proteins. (nih.gov)
In a case-control study involving patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we studied interactions between a major environmental risk factor (smoking), major susceptibility genes included in the SE of HLA-DR, and the presence of the most specific autoimmunity known for RA (i.e., antibodies to proteins modified by citrullination). (nih.gov)
The presence of SE genes was a risk factor only for anticitrulline-positive RA, and not for anticitrulline-negative RA. (nih.gov)
A major gene-environment interaction between smoking and HLA-DR SE genes was evident for anticitrulline-positive RA, but not for anticitrulline-negative RA, and the combination of smoking history and the presence of double copies of HLA-DR SE genes increased the risk for RA 21-fold compared with the risk among nonsmokers carrying no SE genes. (nih.gov)
We identified an environmental factor, smoking, that in the context of HLA-DR SE genes may trigger RA-specific immune reactions to citrullinated proteins. (nih.gov)
PB2 genes (viral ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]) and are most- encoded protein sequences have not been extensively ly located in the functional domains related to RNP-RNP reported. (cdc.gov)
One of these genes, lin-35 , encodes a protein similar to the product of the human tumor suppressor gene Rb, and two other genes, dpl-1 and efl-1 , encode DP and E2F transcription factors, respectively. (pdfdrugs.com)
Many of these genes encode proteins similar to known transcription factors, and our studies indicate that the generation of cell diversity during development is in part regulated by a cascade of interacting transcription factors. (pdfdrugs.com)
In humans, three Ras genes ( H-ras , N-ras, and K-ras ) encode four distinct Ras proteins: H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras4A, and K-RasS4B, the latter 2 resulting from alternative RNA splicing of the K-ras gen. (encyclopedia.pub)
Genes that suppress carcinogenesis have been classified as gatekeepers that regulate cellular proliferation and cell death and as caretakers that are primarily encode DNA repair proteins required for the maintenance of genome integrity ( 15 ). (amegroups.org)

GTP binding to Ras induces changes in conformation, mainly in two regions named switch I and switch II, that greatly increase the affinity of Ras for its downstream effectors [ 14 ] [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

R-Ras proteins function distinctly from classic Ras proteins by regulating distinct signaling pathways that promote MPNST tumorigenesis by mediating migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that three related Ras proteins (the classic Ras proteins) are highly activated in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells with neurofibromin loss and that they drive cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating multiple cellular signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined the activation of cytoplasmic signaling pathways in the presence and absence of R-Ras signaling and found that R-Ras proteins regulated 13 signaling pathways distinct from those regulated by classic Ras proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Ras proteins are membrane-bound small GTPases that act as molecular transducers, coupling cell surface receptors to intracellular effector pathways to regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that promotes migration and activation of several pathways including RAS, Akt and NFKB. (ashpublications.org)

Recent data indicate that these three inhibitory proteins bind to the same neuronal receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR), but there are additional inhibitory proteins in the CNS that act through different receptors. (silverchair.com)
Ras signaling is activated by cellular receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokines receptors, and extracellular matrix receptors [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The largest family of cell surface receptors, including the receptors for many hormones and neurotransmitters, transmit signals to intracellular targets via the intermediary action of G proteins, which are regulated by GTP binding. (oupsupport.com)
Endothelial Cell Differentiation Gene-8 (EDG8 (S1P5)) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors whose ligands are lysophospholipids. (exalpha.com)

Due to independent gene duplications, all organisms possess two isoforms, Oxa1 and Oxa2 except gram-negative bacteria, which encode only for one YidC-like protein. (cipsm.de)

Bar-Sagi continues to study the function of Ras oncogenes and mutant Ras proteins in cell proliferation, survival, nutrient uptake, cell metabolism and tumorigenesis, particularly in pancreatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)

More than 15 years ago, cholesterol decrement was first shown to inhibit tumor cell growth, metastasis of tumor cells, and induction of apoptosis (7). (cdc.gov)
Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-truhydroxystilbene) possesses a strong anticancer activity exhibited as the induction of apoptosis through p53 activation. (umn.edu)
End points are proliferation, cell cycle allocation, induction of apoptosis and necrosis. (uni-marburg.de)
Alcohol appears to be able to affect NC development via either interfering NC cell migration or prompting cell apoptosis [ 12 ] that is indistinguishable from induction defects. (biomedcentral.com)
There are 8 known members of the EDG receptor family and they are implicated in mediating growth related effects such as induction of cellular proliferation, alterations in differentiation and survival and suppression of apoptosis. (exalpha.com)

At the same time, a parallel study was conducted to look at the frequency of the various polymorphisms of the CD154 gene in a large cohort of RA patients. (the-rheumatologist.org)
Here, we investigated the Ras gene for its role in exploratory behavior in C. elegans . (biomedcentral.com)
ERK then phosphorylates a variety of cytosolic and nuclear proteins, including transcription factors that mediate immediate early gene induction. (oupsupport.com)
GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
EGFR protein expression and EGFR gene copy number were analysed by means of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. (biomedcentral.com)
For the K-RAS gene, PCR was performed using exon 2 specific primers. (biomedcentral.com)
In our investigated panel, only one mutation in the K-RAS gene of a tonsil squamous cell carcinoma was identified. (biomedcentral.com)

RAS proteins function as molecular switches whose active conformations, stabilized by GTP binding, interact with several protein effectors to control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration( 10 ). (researchsquare.com)
Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
Bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, induced neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) grown in a medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (elsevierpure.com)
The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), a phylogenetically conserved nuclear protein, mediates the rapid transcriptional response to extracellular stimuli, e.g. growth and differentiation signals. (wikigenes.org)

Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by tenascin-C, a matrix molecule persistently expressed at high levels in people with RA, drives chronic inflammation in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
We further observed that Ras plays an essential role in the regulation of GLR-1 glutamate receptor localization in RMD neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
How receptor tyrosine kinases activate Ras. (wikidata.org)
Current approaches to targeting TLR4 in RA have focused on antibodies that prevent receptor reaction. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by statin in effect prevents the synthesis of mevalonic acid, a precursor of nonsteroidal isoprenoids, lipid attachment molecules for small G proteins, such as Ras, Rho, and Rac. (cdc.gov)
Consistent with classical Ras inhibition, DN R-Ras and R-Ras2 knockdown inhibited proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, DN R-Ras inhibition impaired migration and invasion but not survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of R-Ras action inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion but not survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of R-Ras/R-Ras2 and ROCK1 signaling also triggered the accumulation of abnormal intracellular vesicles, indicating that these signaling molecules regulate the movement of proteins and other molecules in the cellular interior. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)

Recent studies in the Bar-Sagi lab have focused on the treatment of mutant KRAS cancer cells, and understanding how they withstand targeted therapies, as well as identification of novel therapeutic strategies for Ras-driven cancers. (wikipedia.org)
RAS is a signaling protein associated with the cell membrane that is mutated in 30% of human cancers. (researchsquare.com)
RAS driven cancers are common( 1 ), difficult to treat( 2 ), and a major cause of death worldwide( 3 ). (researchsquare.com)
Ras-driven cancers are usually aggressive and difficult to treat. (encyclopedia.pub)

In general, K-Ras is the most frequently mutated isoform (accounting for 75% of Ras mutation in cancer), followed by N-Ras (17%) and H-Ras (7%) [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Analysis of TCGA glioblastomas revealed that G-CIMP+ glioblastomas harbored lowered mRNA levels for EGFR and H-Ras. (neurosciencenews.com)
Induction of G-CIMP+ state by exogenous expression of a mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, IDH1-R132H, suppressed EGFR and H-Ras protein expression as well as pERK accumulation in independent glioblastoma models. (neurosciencenews.com)
These suppressions were associated with increased deposition of the repressive histone markers, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, in the EGFR and H-Ras promoter regions. (neurosciencenews.com)
With the availability of effective anti-EGFR therapies for various solid malignancies, such as non-cell small lung cancer, colorectal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the knowledge of EGFR and K-RAS status becomes clinically important. (biomedcentral.com)
This indicates that EGFR and K-RAS mutation analysis is not useful as a screening test for sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy in anal canal and tonsil squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Knowledge of the expression, amplification and mutation status of EGFR as well as downstream effectors such as K-RAS would help us to better understand the response of cancer patients to molecular targeted therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
Lonafarnib works as an orally available farnesyltransferase inhibitor against tumor growth in ras-dependent and ras-independent neoplasia. (uni-marburg.de)
Although the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first Ras G12C inhibitor is an important milestone, only a small percentage of patients will benefit from it. (encyclopedia.pub)

Bar-Sagi and Feramisco were the first to observe how Ras protein facilitates cellular uptake of nutrients through macropinocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
While the broad heterogeneity in lateral diffusion observed by SPT (Fig. 1 A) is indicative of multiple RAS sub-populations that have distinct patterns of interaction with lipids and other cellular components, it provides little insights on local lipid environments and their effect on RAS behavior. (researchsquare.com)
Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics identified thirteen protein networks distinctly regulated by DN R-Ras, including multiple networks regulating cellular movement and morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
Presently, we examined the inhibitory mechanism of lycopene on MMP-9 induction in cultured human macrophages (THP-1 cells), in isolated rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) and in cultured RAT-1 fibroblasts, all cellular sources of MMP-9, exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). (unicatt.it)
The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. (encyclopedia.pub)

Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)

We investigated whether targeting proinflammatory signals from the extracellular matrix that persist during pathological inflammation provides a viable strategy to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
Data also support suppression of the lung inflammatory response, but increases in extracellular matrix protein deposition/interstitial disease in the setting of arthritis. (cdc.gov)
1 In the United Kingdom, researchers evaluated whether targeting proinflammatory signals from the extracellular matrix that develops during inflammation can provide a new treatment option for RA. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Furthermore, levels of antibodies to matrilin 1, an extracellular matrix protein predominantly expressed in tracheal cartilage, were significantly higher in patients with relapsing polychondritis, especially in those with respiratory symptoms, than in patients with Wegener granulomatosis , systemic lupus erythematosus , or RA and in healthy controls. (medscape.com)

The RAS subfamily comprises peripheral membrane proteins with a conserved globular GTP-binding domain (G-domain)( 7 ) that is tethered to the cell membrane by a prenylated ~ 20 residue C-terminal domain called the hypervariable region (HVR)( 8, 9 ). (researchsquare.com)
Neurofibromin loss potentially hyperactivates classic Ras (H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras), M-Ras, and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21) subfamily proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

My laboratory has been interested in how the production of key proinflammatory proteins is regulated inside the cell," says Dr. Rigby, professor of medicine and microbiology and immunology at Dartmouth Medical School in Hanover, N.H. "These proteins are major factors in the induction and maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and systemic inflammation. (the-rheumatologist.org)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by extra-articular involvement including lung disease, yet the mechanisms linking the two conditions are poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
Early treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recommended, which typically involves disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate (MTX). (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
they have been identified in other arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (medscape.com)

We report distinctive patterns of local lipid composition that correlate with interfacially promiscuous RAS multimerization. (researchsquare.com)
These lipid fingerprints are coupled to RAS dynamics, predicted to influence effector binding, and therefore may be a mechanism for regulating cell signaling cascades. (researchsquare.com)
Although wild-type KRAS4b, a common splice variant of KRAS (hereafter referred to as RAS), does not dimerize on two-component supported lipid bilayers( 16 ), it preferentially co-localizes with anionic lipids in the liquid-disordered domains of giant unilamellar vesicles( 17 ) and the oncogenic G12V mutant clusters on the scale of tens of nanometers in extracted PM sheets( 12, 18 ). (researchsquare.com)
However, charge complementarity is insufficient to fully describe RAS nanoclustering, which is exquisitely sensitive to lipid composition( 20 ). (researchsquare.com)
Even less is known about the influence of RAS-lipid coupling on RAS self-assembly and effector activation. (researchsquare.com)
In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
IL-1β treatment also increased (within 20 min) the translocation of H-Ras into lipid rafts. (diabetesjournals.org)

There is substantial interest in assessing the ability of RAS molecules to dimerize( 11 ) or co-localize( 12 ) at the membrane, because RAS-dependent RAF activation requires dimerization of RAF( 13-15 ). (researchsquare.com)
Members of the benzothiazole aniline (BTA) family of compounds are characterized as a class of small molecules that have shown great promise in preventing Aβ-protein interactions. (jneurosci.org)

We have shown that classic Ras proteins promote proliferation and survival, but not migration, in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We assessed the expression and activation of these proteins in MPNST cells and inhibited them to determine the effect this had on proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and the phosphoproteome. (biomedcentral.com)

Her research focuses on the nature of the Ras oncogene and how Ras signaling leads to tumor development, particularly in pancreatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, statins may inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids and thereby suppress the activation of small G proteins (7). (cdc.gov)
these antibodies inhibit cytokine release by RA synovial cells and prevent disease progression and tissue destruction during collagen-induced arthritis. (bmj.com)
2 Prophylactic administration of anti-FBG antibodies in rats with collagen-induced arthritis didn't affect the induction of joint inflammation, but did inhibit the disease's progression and prevented joint damage. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Hens JR, Dann P, Zhang JP, Harris S, Robinson GW, Wysolmerski J. BMP4 and PTHrP interact to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (medscape.com)
Circulating anticoagulants are usually autoantibodies that neutralize specific clotting factors in vivo (eg, an autoantibody against factor VIII or factor V) or inhibit phospholipid-bound proteins in vitro (antiphospholipid antibodies). (msdmanuals.com)
General references Circulating anticoagulants are usually autoantibodies that neutralize specific clotting factors in vivo (eg, an autoantibody against factor VIII or factor V) or inhibit phospholipid-bound proteins. (msdmanuals.com)

Only recently, with the development of covalent inhibitors of the G12C mutant( 6 ), has direct targeting of RAS been successful, and more broadly applicable inhibitors are needed. (researchsquare.com)
Immunologic and confocal microscopic evidence also suggested a transient but significant stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 in β-cells briefly (for 15 min) exposed to IL-1β that was markedly attenuated by three structurally distinct inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)

These data thus suggest an etiology involving a specific genotype, an environmental provocation, and the induction of specific autoimmunity, all restricted to a distinct subset of RA. (nih.gov)

The use of C3 transferase to inactivate Rho in primary neurons plated on various types of inhibitory proteins and dominant-negative Rho-expressing PC-12 cells provides direct evidence that the inactivation of Rho results in neurite outgrowth on inhibitory substrates. (silverchair.com)

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that prevent the aggregation of nonnative proteins. (cipsm.de)
Antimony induction of heat shock proteins in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. (cdc.gov)

In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)

The fundamental challenge of investigating RAS activation events is that many of the proposed mechanisms involve time- and lengths scales currently not accessible. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we examined the expression, activation and action of R-Ras proteins in MPNST cells that have lost neurofibromin. (biomedcentral.com)
We recently reported that the activation of H-Ras represents one of the signaling steps underlying the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)−mediated metabolic dysfunction of the islet β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
Lycopene attenuated CSE-mediated activation of Ras, enhancing the levels of this protein in the cytosolic fraction. (unicatt.it)
Programmed cell death appears to be initiated by the transcriptional activation of egl-1 , the protein product of which binds the mitochondrial protein CED-9 and causes the release of CED-4 from CED-9 and the translocation of CED-4from the mitochondrial to the nuclear membrane. (pdfdrugs.com)
Diverse models show that Flavoprirol inhbitis the TNF-mediated NF-κB-activation and the AP-1-activation, suppresses the expression of a multiplicity of antiapoptotic proteins and the TNF-induced AKT-activation. (uni-marburg.de)

Once NC induction is accomplished NC cells undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eventually migrate along predetermined trajectories. (biomedcentral.com)

Thirty samples were sequenced for K-RAS exon 2 and no mutation was identified. (biomedcentral.com)

This suggests that DAB2IP plays an important role in the neuronal induction of hMSCs. (elsevierpure.com)

Further points of attack seams to be other farnesylated proteins like small G-proteins, RHEB and centromer-binding-proteins. (uni-marburg.de)

Mutant Ras is a driver both in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance [ 5 ] [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Preferential interaction of RAS with anionic lipids is mediated by 11 positively charged lysines in its HVR( 19 ). (researchsquare.com)
For example, functional events in RAS dynamics may preferentially depend on local depletion or enrichment of specific lipids are extremely difficult to observe directly either in computational or biological experiments. (researchsquare.com)
RNA, lipids, and proteins. (who.int)

will be … Control of endocytosis by clathrin, adaptor proteins , dynamin, and hsc70 also uses ATP. (arasysperfector.com)

Alterations in Ras signaling are implicated in the development of different diseases, such as neurological disorders, developmental disorders, and autism. (encyclopedia.pub)

Ras proteins are the founding members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases, which in humans is composed of more than 150 members [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Virtually all spirochetes in the midgut of an unfed nymph express outer surface protein (Osp) A. This protein is also the predominant surface antigen expressed by the spirochetes in vitro. (cdc.gov)

The Ras protein level and the activities of the downstream ERKs were increased by transfection of BMP4 or treatment with recombinant BMP4. (elsevierpure.com)

one reason for this could be the alternative prenylation and a different point of attack than ras. (uni-marburg.de)

Anti-FBG antibodies inhibited cytokine release by RA synovial cells and prevented disease progression and tissue destruction during collagen-induced arthritis. (bmj.com)
Other leading strategies seek to alter long-term disease progression, but are severely limited by their induction of widespread toxicity. (jneurosci.org)

Previous smoking was dose-dependently associated with occurrence of anticitrulline antibodies in RA patients. (nih.gov)
Antibodies stained synovial biopsies of patients at different stages of RA development. (bmj.com)
Staining biopsies of inflamed synovia with these antibodies revealed evidence of protein very early in the onset of RA and at higher levels than in people with established disease. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
The epitope specificity of the antibodies in relapsing polychondritis differs from those in RA, suggesting different mechanisms for formation and pathophysiologic roles. (medscape.com)
The antifetal cartilage antibodies were found in 6 of 9 patients and only 4 (1.5%) of 260 patients with RA, exclusively in long-standing disease. (medscape.com)

loss of neurofibromin could cause these Ras proteins to become persistently active, leading to the development of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Ras proteins act as molecular switches that cycle between two conformational states: an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. (encyclopedia.pub)

Epistasis analysis indicates that SRA-13 inhibits the RAS. (silverchair.com)
Lonafarnib inhibits the farnesylation of H-Ras and the attachment of Ras to the cell membrane. (uni-marburg.de)

An ongoing study of key immune system proteins has pinpointed an area associated with increased risk for inflammatory disease and may one day lead to new therapies to control inflammation and rheumatic diseases. (the-rheumatologist.org)
These data highlight a new drug class that could offer early, disease-specific immune modulation in RA, without engendering global immune suppression. (bmj.com)
RA is regarded as a TH1 immune response-driven disease, as a higher level of Th1 is found in RA patients. (progesteronetherapy.com)

Spontaneous foraging is regulated by a neural circuit composed of three classes of neurons: IL1, OLQ, and RMD, and we found that Ras functions in this neural circuit to modulate the direction of locomotion. (biomedcentral.com)
This technique revealed that control of GLR-1 localization in RMD neurons requires Ras at the adult stage. (biomedcentral.com)

these include the LIM domain protein LIN-11 , the Pax2/5/8 protein EGL-38 , the zinc finger protein LIN-29 , and the Nkx6.1/6.2 protein COG-1. (wormbook.org)

R-Ras2 was uniformly expressed in MPNST cells, with R-Ras present in a major subset. (biomedcentral.com)

Morphorgens such as Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) secreted from the paraxial mesoderm and epidermis regulates the expression of a group of transcription factors ( Pax3, Zic1, Msx1 ) whereby defines the boarder of neural crest. (biomedcentral.com)

Innate immunity to yeast prions: Btn2p and Cur1p curing of the [URE3] prion is prevented by 60S ribosomal protein deficiency or ubiquitin/proteasome system overactivity. (nih.gov)

We subse- the mechanism of influenza viral infection and replication quently used 15,785 protein sequences from the National in different host species. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, BTA-EG 4 requires APP to regulate dendritic spine density through a Ras signaling-dependent mechanism. (jneurosci.org)

RAS signaling has been proposed to be regulated by dynamic heterogeneity of the cell membrane. (researchsquare.com)
Antibody efficacy in preventing RA synovial cell cytokine release, and in modulating collagen-induced arthritis in rats, was assessed. (bmj.com)
To investigate the temporal- and cell-specific profiles of the functions of Ras, we developed a new RNAi method that enables simultaneous time- and cell-specific knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
2005 C. elegans embryos Spindle positioning G protein Asymmetric divisions play a crucial role in the generation of cell diversity. (silverchair.com)
After the pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila is phagocytosed, it injects more than 250 different proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells to evade lysosomal digestion and to replicate inside the host cell. (cipsm.de)
We report here that BTA-EG 4 decreases Aβ levels, alters cell surface expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and improves memory in wild-type mice. (jneurosci.org)
Regarding its role in detecting RA, earlier research concluded that tenascin was found in normal synovium just beneath the whole lining cell layer. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
The consequences of protein-energy undernutrition include depletion of body cell mass and decline of vital tissue and organ functions (see chapter 4 ). (nationalacademies.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms15

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Pathway24

MAPK2

Kinase10

Mutations6

Tumors4

GTPase7

Genes10

Induces1

Pathways5

Receptors4

Encode1

Oncogenes1

Apoptosis5

Gene7

Differentiation4

Receptor4

Inhibition6

Cancers4

Frequently mutated1

EGFR6

Inhibitor3

Cellular6

Metastasis1

Extracellular matrix4

Subfamily2

Rheumatoid4

Lipid7

Molecules2

Proliferation2

Leads to tumor1

Inhibit6

Inhibitors2

Distinct1

Dominant negative1

Heat shock pr2

MRNA and protein levels1

Activation6

Epithelial-mesenchyma1

Mutation1

Neuronal1

Small G proteins1

Mutant1

Lipids3

Adaptor1

Alterations1

Superfamily1

Vitro1

Downstream1

Prenylation1

Progression2

Antibodies5

Persistently1

Preferentially2

Molecular switches1

Inhibits2

Immune3

Neurons2

Domain protein1

Subset1

Regulates1

Ribosomal1

Mechanism2

Cell9