AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsInflammationCytokinesInflammation MediatorsChemotherapy, AdjuvantTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaLipopolysaccharidesMice, Inbred C57BLMacrophagesInterleukin-8Interleukin-6NF-kappa BCells, CulturedToll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like Receptor 2Immune SystemImmunity, InnateSignal TransductionMice, KnockoutAntineoplastic AgentsCombined Modality TherapyMonocytesCisplatinInterleukin-1betaCyclophosphamideCell LineMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88DoxorubicinTreatment OutcomeChemokinesToll-Like ReceptorsGene Expression RegulationRNA, MessengerSeoul virusMice, Inbred BALB CInterleukin-1Interleukin-10LungUp-RegulationDisease Models, AnimalInterferon-gammaEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayTime FactorsNeoadjuvant TherapyEpithelial CellsMicrogliaNeutrophilsMacrophage ActivationDisease-Free SurvivalDendritic CellsBreast NeoplasmsChemokine CCL2Survival AnalysisEtoposideNeoplasm StagingReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionApoptosisFlow CytometryPrognosisToll-Like Receptor 9Gene ExpressionSurvival RateImmune ToleranceSpleenLung NeoplasmsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Administration ScheduleMacrophages, PeritonealNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIHMGB1 ProteinIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Endothelial CellsToll-Like Receptor 6p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesLeukocytes, MononuclearAntigens, CD14MethotrexateSepsisMembrane GlycoproteinsBlotting, WesternInterleukin-12Cell Line, TumorI-kappa B ProteinsPhagocytosisCarboplatinNeoplasmsAdjuvants, ImmunologicPaclitaxelDown-RegulationCyclooxygenase 2Receptors, ImmunologicMacrophages, AlveolarLeukocytesChemokine CCL5VinblastineInduction ChemotherapyTranscription Factor RelAGene Expression ProfilingIntestinal Mucosa
Tyrosine kinase inhApoptosisIntracellularCytokinesExtracellularInflammationMonoclonal antibodiesInhibitionLymphocytesTumourTumorRegimensTargeted therapyBlockadeAntigensInnate immuneRadiation therapyDysfunctionCellsDependsInflammatory responsesMechanismsCellTreatmentsRegulatoryFindingsPathogenesisSuppressionInteractionsCancersReceptorSystemOccursFunctionPatientsFactorsBloodAgents
Tyrosine kinase inh2
  • Current treatments for gliomas use chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and surgery, but each of the treatment strategies has several serious side effects. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we found that Axl inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors induces antitumor efficacy critically depending on immune effector mechanisms in two highly clinical relevant murine tumor models. (oncotarget.com)
Apoptosis5
  • Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • To a large extent, chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells, which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Hence inducing apoptosis is a desired mode of treating cancer (Tansuwanwong et. (nutraculture.com)
  • Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ induces apoptosis in the existing and proliferating cancer cells and being a natural antioxidant, it also helps getting rid of any cancer promoting oxidative stress. (nutraculture.com)
  • It is established that Phycocyanin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Bcl-2 is an anti apoptotic protein, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax represents the degree of apoptosis) and the release of Cyt-c in the cytosol (Lu et. (nutraculture.com)
Intracellular4
  • In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
  • The term chemotherapy has come to connote non-specific usage of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or induce DNA damage, which is why inhibition of DNA repair can augment chemotherapy. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • First-generation CAR T-cells consist only of the TCR-derived CD3ζ intracellular signalling domain, which induces T-cell activation as illustrated in Figure 1 (6, 8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The second-generation CAR T-cells consist of one additional co-stimulatory component (mainly CD28, CD137 or CD134) in the intracellular domain, which amplifies anti-tumour responses in vivo (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Cytokines4
  • Another consequence of aging is the accumulation of so-called senescent cells, normal cells that stop dividing, contribute to tissue aging and secrete substances like cytokines that induce inflammation. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Generally, CD8 + cytotoxic T-cells and CD4 + helper T-cells, which belong to the adaptive immune system, control the development of cancer via mechanisms like the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • However, the tumour may evade immune responses through regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment, defective antigen presentation, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • [ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
Extracellular2
  • We identified tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) as crucial mediators of cancer-induced hepatic reprogramming, which could be reversed by reducing tumour EVP secretion via depletion of Rab27a . (nature.com)
  • The connotation of the word chemotherapy excludes more selective agents that block extracellular signals (signal transduction). (worldsbest.rehab)
Inflammation6
  • Overall, exploiting the impact of histamine on innate and adaptive immune responses may be helpful for understanding receptor signaling and trends during inflammation or regulation. (hindawi.com)
  • Eicosanoids consist of at least several hundred individual molecules and play important roles in the inflammatory response and inflammation-related cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, succinate plays key dual roles during inflammatory responses, leading to net inflammation or anti-inflammation depending on factors like the cellular context. (haematologica.org)
  • This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy: myelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells, hence also immunosuppression), mucositis (inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract), and alopecia (hair loss). (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Molecular 'switch' reverses chronic inflammation and aging - Science Daily, 2/6/20 - 'By studying mice and immune cells called macrophages, the team found that a protein called SIRT2 is responsible for deacetylating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
Monoclonal antibodies1
  • For those who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens or experience progression of disease, in 2016-2017 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved five monoclonal antibodies that achieve immune checkpoint blockade by targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. (iospress.com)
Inhibition3
  • Our results reveal how tumour-derived EVPs dysregulate hepatic function and their targetable potential, alongside TNF inhibition, for preventing fatty liver formation and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. (nature.com)
  • More importantly, we show that Axl inhibition induces an adaptive immune resistance evidenced by unregulated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and combined Axl inhibition with PD-1 blockade mounts a potent synergistic antitumor efficacy leading to tumor eradication. (oncotarget.com)
  • By blocking the negative immune regulatory signals mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, these drugs remove the inhibition of T-cell activation and effector function and vigorously restore antitumor immune responses [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Lymphocytes2
  • Because of the effect on immune cells (especially lymphocytes), chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self (so-called autoimmunity). (worldsbest.rehab)
  • The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
Tumour10
  • The fatty acid cargo of tumour EVPs-particularly palmitic acid-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by Kupffer cells, generating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, suppressing fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, and promoting fatty liver formation. (nature.com)
  • Notably, Kupffer cell ablation or TNF blockade markedly decreased tumour-induced fatty liver generation. (nature.com)
  • Notably, tumour EVP education enhanced side effects of chemotherapy, including bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxicity, suggesting that metabolic reprogramming of the liver by tumour-derived EVPs may limit chemotherapy tolerance in patients with cancer. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Tumour-derived EVPs induce liver metabolic dysfunction. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Uptake of tumour-derived EVPs by Kupffer cells induces fatty liver formation. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Palmitic acid in tumour EVPs induces TNF secretion from Kupffer cells and promotes fatty liver generation. (nature.com)
  • In 1959, Lewis Thomas suggested that the human immune system can recognise tumour-specific antigens on the surface of newly developing tumour cells as 'foreign' and eliminate them (3). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Following this, in 1971, Sir Frank Mac Farlane Burnet hypothesised that tumour cell antigens induced immunological reaction against cancer and postulated the "immune surveillance theory" (4). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The immune system interacts closely with tumour cells via complex mechanisms and can result in either eradication of the tumour or immune evasion by the tumour (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Consequently, immune cells fail to recognise and kill tumour cells. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Tumor4
  • Using available small-molecule antagonists of single EP receptors, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib, or a novel dual EP2/EP4 antagonist generated in this investigation, we tested which approach to block PGE2 signaling optimally restored immunologic activity in mouse and human immune cells and antitumor activity in syngeneic, spontaneous, and xenograft tumor models. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dosage of chemotherapy can be difficult: If the dose is too low, it will be ineffective against the tumor, whereas, at excessive doses, the toxicity (side-effects) will be intolerable to the person receiving it. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Pre-clinical evidence suggests that MDSC suppress anti-tumor immune responses. (iospress.com)
  • An immune cell in the tumor microenvironment that may be important for inhibiting the immune response against bladder cancer is the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC). (iospress.com)
Regimens3
  • All chemotherapy regimens require that the recipient be capable of undergoing the treatment. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Current chemotherapy regimens apply drug treatment in cycles, with the frequency and duration of treatments limited by toxicity. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • The use of rifabutin-containing antituberculosis regimens should always include an assessment of the patient's response to treatment to decide the appropriate duration of therapy (i.e., 6 months or 9 months). (cdc.gov)
Targeted therapy2
  • Importantly, the use of drugs (whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or targeted therapy) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Growing evidence demonstrates that various cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, and surgery [ 3 - 5 ] , cause premature senescence, as reviewed elsewhere [ 6 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)
Blockade2
  • However, PD-1 blockade alone is not able to antagonize all resistance mechanisms and quite a proportion of cancer patients do not respond to this treatment (primary resistance), and some responders relapse after a period of response (acquired resistance) [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Immune checkpoint blockade can lead to durable complete responses for some patients, but overall objective response rates are only 15-31% [ 2-4 ]. (iospress.com)
Antigens2
  • Antigens are foreign substances that evoke an immune response. (medscape.com)
  • The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Innate immune6
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • Since the vast majority of the morbidity and mortality occurs in immune-naïve African children less than five years of age, with SMA as the primary manifestation of severe disease, this review will focus primarily on the innate immune mechanisms that govern malaria pathogenesis in this group of individuals. (ijbs.com)
  • One important cause of impaired erythroid responses in children with SMA is dysregulation in the innate immune response. (ijbs.com)
  • NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
  • Granulocytes are a key component of the innate immune system (ie, nonspecific immune defense system). (medscape.com)
  • Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)
Radiation therapy1
  • Surgery to the extent that this is feasible in terms of safety, followed by involved-field radiation therapy and concomitant and maintenance chemotherapy with temozolomide, has set the standard of care since 2005. (frontiersin.org)
Dysfunction3
  • Fig. 1: Remote primary tumours induce metabolic dysfunction in the liver. (nature.com)
  • Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. (oaepublish.com)
  • Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. (oaepublish.com)
Cells4
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs: cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract and hair follicles. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune cells that dampen immune responses. (iospress.com)
  • In response, CAR T-cells have been designed with receptors that can proliferate and retain their function following antigen exposure (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Depends2
  • The efficiency of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • The choice of chemotherapy depends on several factors, including the patient's performance status, age, renal function, desire for inpatient or outpatient therapy, and likelihood of receiving future autologous stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory responses2
  • This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
  • From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)
Mechanisms1
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
Cell2
  • Zinc is necessary for normal cell functioning, nerve signaling, and for the body to protect against infection or disease. (mskcc.org)
  • However, there are notable challenges with CAR T-cell therapy, including non-sustained responses, antigen escape, and life-threatening adverse effects. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Treatments1
  • Telomeric DNA damage response induced by some cancer treatments can persist for months, possibly accounting for long-term sequelae of cancer treatments. (oaepublish.com)
Regulatory1
  • Histamine shows a dichotomous nature, whereby it is able to promote inflammatory and regulatory responses that contribute to pathological processes, such as allergy induction, as well as homeostatic functions, such as intestinal regulation. (hindawi.com)
Findings1
  • In this review, we summarize recent findings about the regulation of the immune response by histamine. (hindawi.com)
Pathogenesis1
  • Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. (oaepublish.com)
Suppression1
  • An improved understanding of the etiological basis of suppression of erythropoietic responses in children with SMA may offer the much needed therapeutic alternatives for control of this global disease burden. (ijbs.com)
Interactions1
  • It is important to remember that interactions do occur with all types of drugs, to a great or lesser extent and this article details the interactions of mixing chemotherapy and Weed. (worldsbest.rehab)
Cancers1
  • Though previous research has established how cancers evade the immune system, much progress is yet to be made in managing cancer by targeting that mechanism. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Receptor1
  • A general overview of the immune cascades triggered by histamine receptor activation is provided. (hindawi.com)
System4
Occurs1
  • The majority of P. falciparum -related mortality occurs in immune-naïve infants and young children, accounting for 18% of all deaths before five years of age. (ijbs.com)
Function2
  • Therefore, a basic understanding of immune function is often useful. (medscape.com)
  • Physicians and patients also should be aware that paradoxical reactions might occur during the course of TB treatment when antiretroviral therapy restores immune function. (cdc.gov)
Patients2
  • 1998). This natural molecule is an innovative revolution not only to address the unique health care needs of newly diagnosed cancer patients and patients already undergoing cancer treatment (including chemotherapies , radiotherapies etc) but is also a cancer preventive measure. (nutraculture.com)
  • Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the best option for decades, but only 50% of patients benefit in the form of objective responses, and just 13-25% experience a complete response [ 1 ]. (iospress.com)
Factors1
  • In the current times where dissipated lifestyle and other counting factors such as dietary, physical, mental mismanagements, drug administration intoxicifications in the form of chemotherapies and chemical toxicities are adding up to the cumulative risk of cancer occurrence, consumption of Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ is essentially required. (nutraculture.com)
Blood1
  • Doxorubicin liposomal is a pegylated formulation that protects the liposomes and, thereby, increases blood circulation time. (medscape.com)
Agents1
  • Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx ) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. (worldsbest.rehab)