• Preclinical studies have also demonstrated the ability of arenaviral immunotherapies to break self-tolerance and induce potent T cell responses to tumor self-antigens and mutated epitopes, or target parts of a mutated, cancer-causing gene. (financialcontent.com)
  • Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to boost the natural immunity against transformed cancer cells, and a series of adjuvants and co-stimulatory molecules have been proposed to enhance the immune response against weak self-antigens expressed on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antigens of choice include tumor antigens, allergens, self-antigens and pathogen related antigens. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Prior models also fail to explain how the immune system rejects tumors, induces autoimmune diseases, or generates allergic responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are excited to collaborate with HOOKIPA in leveraging their arenaviral technology, which has clinically demonstrated the ability to induce potent antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses and represents a promising approach for new cancer immunotherapies ," said James Sabry, Global Head of Pharma Partnering at Roche. (financialcontent.com)
  • HOOKIPA's novel, replicating arenaviral technology has demonstrated the ability to induce potent antigen-specific T cell responses and promising anti-tumor activity in a Phase 1 clinical trial which treated patients with advanced Human Papillomavirus 16-positive head and neck cancers. (financialcontent.com)
  • Our lab is currently working on understanding the extreme responders and extreme clinical phenotypes of brain and spinal cord tumors to identify factors that may modulate responses to therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Importantly, DCs also help guide the immune system to respond to foreign antigens while avoiding the generation of autoimmune responses to self. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tumors frequently induce immature myeloid cells (iMC), which suppress specific and unrelated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and are termed myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Regardless of the model, tumors produced IL-6 and VEGF but not GM-CSF and induced iMC (CD11b(+)Gr-1(int)) that suppressed CTL responses in vitro. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • None of the iMC from the different tumor models suppressed CTL responses in adoptive cell transfer experiments, unless GM-CSF was provided in vivo. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Medigene's high-throughput screening technology identified ten peptides as immunogenic and able to induce specific T cell responses. (medigene.com)
  • This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function. (jci.org)
  • The aim of this project was to assess their ability to deliver antigens to dendritic cells in vivo and to stimulate effective T cell responses. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The findings of this thesis are that: Directly injected lentivectors can stimulate CD4+ (and CD8+) T cell responses to their encoded antigen if it is targeted into the endocytic pathway. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
  • The emerging clinical data suggest that a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies, in the range of 5%−15%, achieve durable objective tumor responses. (snmjournals.org)
  • Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
  • ABSTRACT: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses are required to fight many diseases such as viral infections and tumors. (cellml.org)
  • The enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses result in higher tumor inhibition that correlates with increased numbers of OVA-specific CTLs at the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5. Arnaboldi PM, Roth-Walter F, Mayer L. Suppression of Th1 and Th17, but not Th2, responses in a CD8 + T cell mediated model of oral tolerance. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Most humoral responses cannot prevent tumor growth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, the immune responses induced by this vaccine are not well characterized, and correlates of protection remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Akt and SHP-1 are DC-intrinsic checkpoints for tumor immunity. (stanford.edu)
  • When loaded with immune complexes (IC), consisting of tumor antigens bound to antitumor antibody, BMDC induce powerful antitumor immunity in mice. (stanford.edu)
  • DCs are thus paradoxically important in cancer, generating both immunity and tolerance. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding the paradoxical importance of dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance will inform the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The adaptive immune system, discovered by Paul Ehrlich, involves the production of circulating antibodies that can provide long lasting, systemic immunity that is specific to antigens expressed by a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. (jci.org)
  • Nathan is a Biomedical Engineer and tumor immunologist working at the interfaces of cancer metastasis, tumor evolution, adaptive immunity, and immuno-oncology. (stanford.edu)
  • They are extremely versatile APCs involved in the initiation of both innate and adaptive immunity ( 1 ), but also in the differentiation of regulatory T cells ( 2 ) required for the maintenance of self-tolerance. (aai.org)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. (jci.org)
  • Although the expression of MHC class I and II molecules can be upregulated by MSC exposure to inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), they are still unable to induce an immunological response [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The activated peripheral T cells then enter the blood brain barrier and get reactivated when they encounter major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed by dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells, triggering a release of inflammatory cytokines such as interferons and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), is induced by tissue damage from the conditioning regimen, activating the host innate immune system ( Fig. 16-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • In phase I, chemotherapy or radiotherapy as part of transplant conditioning causes host tissue damage and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, with resulting priming of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mhmedical.com)
  • Cytokines The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Les numérations plaquettaire et leucocytaire ainsi que la concentration en cytokines (IL-2R, IL-8 et TNF-) ont été me- surées. (who.int)
  • 1 ]. Interleukinc8 (ILc8) and tumour necroc ing PCs prepared from apheresis of single sis factor alfa (TNF-) are some of the donors or from pooled samples, is not still cytokines responsible for NHFR [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • Medigene AG (Medigene, FSE: MDG1, Prime Standard), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T cell immunotherapies, today presents the screening and identification of novel immunogenic tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) derived from non-coding regions of the human genome at the American Association for Cancer Research Virtual Annual Meeting (AACR) 2021. (medigene.com)
  • IRICoR continues to invest in the identification of novel immunogenic TSAs in both solid and liquid tumors, and we expect to develop additional partnerships around this TSA discovery platform. (medigene.com)
  • The contention that cancers are immunogenic is still being debated: one view states that cancers evolve to evade immune surveillance, while the other claims that cancers actively induce tolerance. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Cancer vaccines were initially comprised of tumour associated antigens (TAAs), but since these were poorly immunogenic, they were replaced with dendritic cell (DC) vaccines loaded with TAAs (adopted because DC prime naive T cells). (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Monoclonal antibodies blocking CTLA4 induce regression of immunogenic tumors in mice ( 8 ) and are being pursued as a treatment approach for patients with cancer. (snmjournals.org)
  • However, except for virus-induced cancers, tumor antigens are mostly self or near-self protein epitopes that are often poorly immunogenic and submitted to central and peripheral tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Targeting Tregs to reestablish the proinflammatory and immunogenic tumor microenvironment (TME) is an increasingly attractive strategy for cancer treatment and has been emphasized in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G and E are nonclassical human MHC class I molecules. (pasteur.fr)
  • The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is fundamental to transplant biology. (mhmedical.com)
  • It has been suggested that cytokine acc leukoreduction prevents transmission of cyc cumulation in plasma of platelet concenc tomegalovirus and decreases alloimmunizac trates (PC) during storage may contribute tion to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), it to development of nonchaemolytic febrile does not prevent allergic reactions. (who.int)
  • LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells, and generate tumor-specific immune tolerance that subsequently facilitates distant tumor colonization. (stanford.edu)
  • The roles of antigen-specificity, responsiveness to TGFβ and APC subsets in tumour-induced expansion of regulatory T cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have identified inhibitory glycans which can be linked to antigens with the purpose to suppress the immune response by instructing DCs to differentiate and activate regulatory T-cells (Tregs). (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Importantly, SQZ TACs also increased antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) that exerted potent bystander suppression, showing the ability to suppress pathogenic T cells with different autoantigen specificities. (pharmiweb.com)
  • In this respect, not only known proteins but also non-coding genetic regions of cells are studied as sources of peptides that can be presented by HLA molecules at the surface of tumor cells and be recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs). (medigene.com)
  • Under a collaboration agreement with IRICoR and the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Canada, Medigene gained access to 47 potential TSAs presented by one of five common HLA types that were identified as novel peptides eluted from the HLA molecules of tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • This would probably not result in the expression of the same antigen in all these tumours, because the patients would differ in their presenting molecules, which are determined by their HLA haplotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Based on the spatial structure and regulatory properties of CLDN6, the exploration or design of CLDN6-targeted drugs to positively regulate CLDN6-related signaling molecules and interfere with tumor progression is of great value for early diagnosis and precision treatment of tumors. (supportnumber.uk)
  • They identify which cells to attack by binding to specific antigens, or molecules, that typically appear on the outside of a virus or cell. (livescience.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Increased durability of the immune response: Naked short peptides derived from antigens can directly bind to MHC I molecules, which allows rapid stimulation of CD8+ T cells, but duration is short as turnover of MHC I molecules is rapid. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • However, even in a fully HLA matched HCT, GVHD still occurs due to donor T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs), polymorphic peptides displayed on host HLA molecules. (mhmedical.com)
  • These antigens may be cell surface proteins or may be intracellular proteins (eg, TAAs) that are expressed on the surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We are very proud to demonstrate that our high-throughput functional T cell screening approach proves to be a key tool in development of TCR-based cancer immunotherapies that can target a new class of TSAs based on peptides derived from non-coding genetic regions expressed by tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • The demonstration by Medigene of the immunogenicity of these solid tumor TSAs is an important milestone in the development of new TSA-based immunotherapies. (medigene.com)
  • According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
  • It is currently being investigated for use in novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (supportnumber.uk)
  • Among tumor immunotherapies, neoantigen vaccines are in early human clinical trials and have demonstrated substantial efficiency. (wjgnet.com)
  • The lymphatic vessels and secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are arranged in a manner that optimizes interactions among antigens, APCs, and innate and adaptive effector cells. (jci.org)
  • Viral vectors encoding TAAs are promising vaccine candidates because they can infect antigen presenting cells (APCs) in vivo they may also signal "danger" to the immune system through pathogen recognition pathways. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • That is, CTL expansion occurs if antigen is recognized on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). (cellml.org)
  • Binding to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) through specific interaction with FcgammaRIIa ( CD32a ), which facilitates enhanced and specific uptake of the vaccine by the relevant professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). (oncoqr.com)
  • class II are expressed on specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. (mhmedical.com)
  • These peptides were found to be shared among specimens of several patients with solid tumors of different origin, such as ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, but were not detected in healthy tissues, giving them the character of TSAs for TCRs. (medigene.com)
  • 6PHU3, a T cell-inducing single-chain bispecific molecule with anti-CD3/anti-CLDN6 specificity (bi-(scFv)2), has been shown to be effective in the treatment of CLDN6-positive solid tumors with high specificity and efficiency. (supportnumber.uk)
  • the liver has these special cells because, while filtering blood, it must differentiate between dangerous foreign antigens (from bacteria) and safe ones (from cells from one's self and food). (livescience.com)
  • In preclinical models, SQZ™ TACs have demonstrated the ability to induce multi-mechanism antigen-specific tolerance relevant to many immune mediated disorders. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The alterations we find are then studied in-depth to determine how they contribute to the development of cancer, whether it is promoting tumor growth, enhancing the ability for the cancer to invade into normal tissue, or preventing the various fail-safe mechanisms programmed into our cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • TCR-T technology arms a patient's own T cells with tumor-specific T cell receptors. (medigene.com)
  • Our GlycoDC TM technology can either potentiate or suppress the immune system via specific targeting of DC receptors by these glycan modified antigen conjugates. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Modification of these antigens by conjugation with a specific glycan structure enables specific targeting of certain DC receptors. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Different glycans target specific but different DC receptors, leading to completely different DC processing, antigen presentation and T-cell response. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • We have identified glycans that can be covalently linked to antigens to target specific DC receptors with the purpose to boost the immune response. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • DC specific targeting: Glycated antigens target glycan-specific DC receptors, leading to specific DC internalization and antigen presentation. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Glycan-antigens target DC receptors, resulting in DC internalization, loading of peptide antigen on both MHC-I and MHC-II to present to both CD8+ and CD8+T cells. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • In contrast to CTLs, NK cells lack receptors for antigen detection but can still recognize normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Identification of tumour rejection antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigens on target cells and lyse these cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mutations in four or five such genes are required for a malignant tumor to form, while fewer mutations suffice for benign tumorigenesis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for children and glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for adults. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The laboratory has advanced the understanding of gene therapy, angiogenesis, intracranial implantation of biodegradable polymers to treat malignant glioma, tumor genetics and proteomics, microchip drug delivery and drug resistance studies. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cutaneous malignant melanoma and exposure by immediate pigmentation induced by 382 nm to sunlamps and sunbeds: a descriptive study in radiation. (who.int)
  • There has been a great deal of interest shown in defining the mechanisms by which anti-CTLA4 antibodies induce tumor regressions in humans. (snmjournals.org)
  • Creative Diagnostics, a leading manufacturer and supplier of antibodies, antigens and assay kits, has launched a range of antibodies, antigens and kits against CLDN6 to support researchers worldwide in preclinical and clinical safety/efficacy testing. (supportnumber.uk)
  • For instance, the use of CLDN6 antibodies can block tumor growth and prolong the lives of TGCT patients. (supportnumber.uk)
  • T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCEs) are potent tumor targeting agents that enhance recognition by binding a patient's T cells to proteins expressed on the surface of cancer cells, enabling the T cells to kill the cancer cells. (supportnumber.uk)
  • Creative Diagnostics now offers a range of antibodies, antigens and kits against CLDN6 to support customers worldwide in their preclinical and clinical safety/efficacy testing. (supportnumber.uk)
  • Creative Diagnostics is a leading manufacturer and supplier of antibodies, viral antigens, innovative diagnostic components, and critical assay reagents. (supportnumber.uk)
  • GEO-CM02 as a Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine - First-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were designed to encode the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with the goal of inducing high levels of neutralizing antibodies. (geovax.com)
  • However, potential limitations of narrowly focusing on the spike (S) protein are becoming apparent with emerging variants capable of partially escaping neutralization by vaccine induced antibodies. (geovax.com)
  • some cells require the presence of humoral antibodies directed against the tumor cells (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) to initiate the interactions that lead to the death of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Platform, SQZ Activating Antigen Carrier (AAC) Platform and SQZ Tolerizing Antigen Carrier (TAC) Platform. (stockhouse.com)
  • WATERTOWN, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--SQZ Biotechnologies (NYSE: SQZ), focused on unlocking the full potential of cell therapies for multiple therapeutic areas, today announced that the first clinical translation of the company's Tolerizing Antigen Carrier (TAC) platform in autoimmune diseases will be for celiac disease, a chronic autoimmune disorder that afflicts millions of patients and has no approved drug treatment. (pharmiweb.com)
  • CD4 T cell-dependent autoimmunity against a melanocyte neoantigen induces spontaneous vitiligo and depends upon Fas-Fas ligand interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The idea of inducing tolerance in autoimmunity has been around for a while," Nick Jones , an associate professor of biomedical sciences at Swansea University in Wales who was not involved in the research, told Live Science in an email. (livescience.com)
  • Nonetheless, immune tolerance remains the holy grail of transplantation immunology and clinical transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor immunology is undergoing a renaissance due to the recent profound clinical successes of tumor immunotherapy. (stanford.edu)
  • Armed with these technologies and their associated computational and modeling toolsets, systems biologists have turned their attention to tumor immunology in an effort to understand the precise nature and consequences of interactions between tumors and the immune system. (stanford.edu)
  • Earlier this year, the company presented preclinical findings at the Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance Digital Summit and the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies demonstrating that its engineered TACs can drive antigen-specific immune tolerance in complex models of autoimmune disease. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The SQZ AAC platform is designed to induce antigen presentation in vivo by deriving antigen carriers from engineering red blood cells (RBCs) with tumor specific antigens and adjuvants. (stockhouse.com)
  • The Self/Non-self Model proposed by Macfarlane Burnet and Frank Fenner in 1949 faced challenges in the late 1980s as immunologists recognized that T cells depend on antigen-presenting cells showcasing materials and sending co-stimulatory signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • In her 1994 article "Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family", Matzinger extended the danger model, arguing that antigen-presenting cells respond to "danger signals" released from cells undergoing unprogrammed cell death when injured or stressed, as opposed to apoptosis (controlled cell death). (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that an epigenetically instilled tumor-intrinsic interferon response program confers enhanced LN metastatic potential by enabling the evasion of NK cells and promoting LN colonization. (stanford.edu)
  • BM-derived DC (BMDC) are powerful antigen-presenting cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Tolerance is generally accepted to be an active process and, in essence, a learning experience for T cells. (medscape.com)
  • They are exceptionally efficient at antigen presentation and also adept at generating just the right type of T cells in response to a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T cells) are then able to detect and efficiently kill tumor cells. (medigene.com)
  • This immunotherapy approach attempts to overcome the patient's tolerance towards cancer cells and tumor-induced immunosuppression by activating and modifying the patient's T cells outside the body (ex vivo). (medigene.com)
  • Immunologists recognized the importance of lymphatic vessels as channels for leukocyte trafficking from peripheral sites to their draining LNs ( 4 - 6 ), and as conduits for soluble antigens that can be taken up directly by LN-resident B cells and immature DCs ( 7 - 10 ), which help regulate the kinetics of antigen presentation. (jci.org)
  • In RCC4 cells, pretreatment with IGF-1, attenuated HRE-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest. (bvsalud.org)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
  • These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
  • This is in contrast to direct presentation where antigen is seen on the surface of the target cells (e.g. infected cells or tumor cells). (cellml.org)
  • Immune therapy to enhance or suppress melanocyte-specific T cells can be directed at a series of semiredundant pathways involving tolerance and cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The aim of the present study is to combine the activation and tumor targeting of activated iNKT, NK and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation and tumor targeting of iNKT cells via recombinant α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-loaded CD1d-anti-HER2 fusion protein (CD1d-antitumor) is combined or not with OVA peptide/CpG vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The resulting antitumor therapy is tested against established tumor grafts of B16 melanoma cells expressing human HER2 and ovalbumin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibody-mediated depletion experiments further demonstrate that in this context, CTLs rather than NK cells are essential for the enhanced tumor inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, the development of tolerogenic DCs will lead to antigen tolerance in particular through the expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to TLR ligands, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been shown to efficiently promote the transactivation of DCs through the CD40L-CD40 interaction upon recognition of the CD1d-glycolipid antigen complex by their semi-invariant TCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normally, immune cells called T cells protect the body from invaders like viruses and diseased cells, such as those in cancerous tumors. (livescience.com)
  • They induced a form of multiple sclerosis in mice, which caused T cells to attack a specific antigen found in myelin. (livescience.com)
  • To stop the attack, they then tagged this antigen with a special sugar, and those sugar-tagged antigens got ferried to the liver, where the tolerance-teaching cells picked them up. (livescience.com)
  • Most immune therapies for autoimmune diseases act in a general way and don't just target the disease-inducing T cells," Lucy Walker , a professor of immune regulation at University College London who was not involved in the research, told Live Science in an email. (livescience.com)
  • Ideally, we'd want suppression to act in an antigen-specific way, so only the pathogenic T cells are targeted and others are left free to function. (livescience.com)
  • On the one hand, tumor cells are under immunosurveillance in the presence of various proinflammatory cells, such as CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, CD4 + type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, and natural killer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Environmental factors, such as EBV infection and genetic susceptibility, could induce, in some individuals, a tendency to destroy the myelin sheet around the nerves, resulting in autoactivation of T cells and release of autoantigens (a process called breach of immune tolerance). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This balance, which provides immunological tolerance, is compromised in MS. Evaluation of the FoxP3 transcription factor can provide an ability to phenotype Treg cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The main challenge in developing effective antigen-based immunotherapeutics is to efficiently target and trigger dendritic cells (DCs) in order to elicit a specific, potent, and long term immune response without adverse effects. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • TACs are derived from patient RBCs and are designed to carry disease-specific antigen cargos to specialized immune cells that are capable of inducing tolerance through multiple mechanisms. (pharmiweb.com)
  • SQZ TACs were shown to delete antigen-specific T cells, without causing broad immune suppression. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Tumor-specific neoantigens, which are expressed on tumor cells, can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression. (wjgnet.com)
  • Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite the activity of effector cells, host immunoreactivity may fail to control tumor occurrence and growth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The T cell is the primary cell responsible for direct recognition and killing of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • T cells carry out immunologic surveillance, then proliferate and destroy newly transformed tumor cells after recognizing TAAs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, suppressor T cells inhibit the immune response against tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, the decreased level of class I molecule expression characteristic of many tumor cells may allow activation of NK cells and subsequent tumor lysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CD1d is a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) group of glycoproteins on the surface of human antigen-presenting cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Macrophages can kill specific tumor cells when activated by a combination of factors, including lymphokines (soluble factors produced by T cells) and interferon. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Under certain circumstances, macrophages may present TAAs to T cells and stimulate tumor-specific immune response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fas-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both. (lu.se)
  • 1991. Control of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced crypt hyperplasia by naturalkiller cells and its relevance to carcinogenics. (cdc.gov)
  • CAP1-6D, an altered peptide ligand can help bypass tolerance. (bmj.com)
  • This previously unrecognized role of GCC as a tumor suppressor by restricting proliferation and maintaining genomic integrity suggests that receptor dysregulation reflecting ligand insufficiency is a key event during early colorectal tumorigenesis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand mediates the resolution of allergic airway inflammation induced by chronic allergen inhalation. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Indeed, in colons of mice carrying mutations in Apc (ApcMin/+) or exposed to the carcinogen azoxymethane, elimination of GCC increased tumor initiation by corrupting genomic integrity in the context of disabled compensatory apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • In addition, HRE inhibited proliferation through promoting apoptosis and P21-induced G2/M phase arrest via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • The resulting death-inducing signaling complex performs Caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Lymph node colonization promotes distant tumor metastasis through the induction of tumor-specific immunosuppression. (stanford.edu)
  • Transplant tolerance is defined as a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness without a need for ongoing pharmacologic immunosuppression. (medscape.com)
  • However, during the study of achieving immune tolerance, ways in which to induce states of "partial tolerance" have been discovered, in which lower-than-conventional amounts of ongoing pharmacologic immunosuppression are needed. (medscape.com)
  • In oncology, it is developing cell therapy platforms that are based on directing tumor antigen-specific immune activation via engineered antigen presentation. (stockhouse.com)
  • The SQZ eAPC platform is the second-generation product candidate designed to generate tumor specific CD8+ T cell activation to drive the antitumor immune response. (stockhouse.com)
  • Early Tag-specific CTL competence and rare stochastic Tag activation leading to sporadic cancer, which induces an aberrant immune response and CTL tolerance. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • A unifying hypothesis is that immune surveillance operates early on in carcinogenesis, but eventually tumours adapt to shift the balance from activation to tolerance. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The second mechanism is the activation of a gene that is silent in normal tissues and for which no strong natural tolerance has been established. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On the other hand, a P815 tumour rejection antigen appears to arise through the activation of a silent gene, and it may turn out that this is the rule for most tumour rejection antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • If, on the other hand, production of tumour rejection antigens results from the activation of a normal gene, then there is a good probability that the same gene may be activated in many different tumours, being perhaps preferentially shared by tumours of the same histological type. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activation of TLR9 primes pDCs to break tolerance against tumour associated antigens present in module 2. (oncoqr.com)
  • This results in DC internalization, processing, MHC antigen presentation and antigen specific T-cell activation. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Induction of immunologic tolerance has been achieved and studied in numerous laboratory animal models, but it remains an elusive goal in clinical organ transplantation and in the management of autoimmune disease in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Transplantation tolerance could eliminate many of the adverse events associated with immunosuppressive agents. (medscape.com)
  • Mainly analyzed by in vitro assays in tumor transplantation models, little is known about their function in autochthonous tumor models in vivo. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Plausible candidates for the mutational mechanism are the "tumour specific transplantation antigens" observed on methylcholanthrene induced tumours and tumours induced by ultraviolet light. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in hematologic malignancies can in large part be attributed to a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect, by which the donor immune system achieves immunologic control of the tumor. (mhmedical.com)
  • Its SQZ TAC platform is designed to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance in vivo by utilizing a similar approach to the AAC platform. (stockhouse.com)
  • DC stably present antigen in vivo following vector immunisation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate its anti-tumor potential in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
  • While KRAS-mutated, tumor-specific treatments exist, there remains an opportunity to target a broader range of KRAS-mutations simultaneously to potentially help more people impacted by these cancers. (financialcontent.com)
  • Both tumors are difficult to treat, and new therapies are urgently needed for these cancers. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The presence of tumor-associated antigens induces a potent and long-lasting antigen-specific T-cell response, breaking the immune system's tolerance to endogenous autoantigens and producing an effective anti-tumor effect. (supportnumber.uk)
  • This guarantees both a potent and a durable anti-tumor response. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • This results in a longer antigen presentation and a more potent immune response. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Mice lacking C1q or C3 show accelerated rejection of minor H disparate skin grafts and resistance to induction of tolerance. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice induced tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint by ultraviolet A tanning devices with or without mutations: A role for UVA in human skin car- subsequent solar-simulated ultraviolet irradia- cinogenesis. (who.int)
  • Here, we revisit the use of rodent-adapted and non-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) in mice to investigate infection tolerance and future utility of these models in pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. (wjgnet.com)
  • Autophagy can keep the body's immune tolerance at different levels of adaptive immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • A strategy to develop tolerance would also be of value in autoimmune diseases, such as juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus , rheumatoid arthritis , and multiple sclerosis . (medscape.com)
  • Current studies are aimed at the further characterization of the mechanisms through which these genes act, the identification of other genes that play a role in this tumor type, and the application of this knowledge to patient management. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Cancer vaccines therefore, must stimulate a tumour specific response and break active tolerance mechanisms. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • On the basis of the results reviewed here, there are two major mechanisms whereby tumour rejection antigens may arise. (ox.ac.uk)
  • SQZ TACs leverage the body's natural mechanisms of red blood cell (RBC) clearance and antigen presentation to induce immune tolerance. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Our preclinical research has found that SQZ TACs can leverage physiological processes to induce T cell tolerance to disease-driving antigens through multiple mechanisms," said Howard Bernstein, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer at SQZ Biotechnologies. (pharmiweb.com)
  • This clonal expansion and subsequent growth of the tumors appears to be caused by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the whole process is accelerated by defects in genes required for maintaining genetic instability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Together with the uniform over-expression of GCC in human tumors, and the standard of care in which hormone deficiencies are treated by replacement therapy, the role of GCC as a tumor suppressor underscores the potential of oral administration of GCC ligands for targeted prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer. (jefferson.edu)
  • Absence of a costimulatory signal results in T-cell anergy, which is a key mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance to self-antigen in normal immunoregulation. (mhmedical.com)
  • It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. (bvsalud.org)
  • CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • In: Chemically induced cell proliferation: Implications for risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunologic tolerance is a state of immune unresponsiveness specific to a particular antigen or set of antigens induced by previous exposure to that antigen or set. (medscape.com)
  • LN metastases have the potential to seed additional tissues and can induce metastatic tolerance, a process by which tumor-specific immune tolerance in LNs promotes further disease progression. (stanford.edu)
  • An evolving paradigm expanding the genetic basis of cancer suggests that developmental programs indelibly imprint restricted repertoires of homeostasis, forming the substrate for lineage-dependent tumor induction by deregulation of tissue-specific survival pathways. (jefferson.edu)
  • Insofar as tumour rejection antigens result from mutations, they may be highly specific for every individual tumour. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The tumour specific nature of these antigens would then be easily ascertained. (ox.ac.uk)
  • T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antigen specific immunotherapeutics and -vaccines are considered as one of the most promising new developments in the search to cure cancer and induce tolerance in allergy patients. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • Their tumoricidal activity is termed natural because it is not induced by a specific antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the mutations accumulate, the tumors become progressively more dangerous. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • GEO-CM04S1 for Immunocompromised Patients - GEO-CM04S1 is being studied in an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04977024) to evaluate its safety and immunogenicity, compared to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine, in patients who have previously received either an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. (geovax.com)
  • An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, attempts to employ this strategy clinically with either tumor-associated DC (TADC) or monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) have been disappointing. (stanford.edu)
  • A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • We conducted a pilot randomized phase I trial in PC patients to determine the peptide dose required to induce an optimal CD8 + T cell response. (bmj.com)
  • Lowering antigen dose: Current allergen based immunotherapeutics require high allergen doses to induce tolerance. (dc4u-technologies.nl)
  • 1990. The effect of mild stress on DMH-induced colorectal cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • His work employs mouse models and systems biology and genetic engineering to investigate interactions between tumors and the immune system during cancer metastasis. (stanford.edu)
  • However, active immunization of cancer patients would require that a tumour cell line be obtained from each patient, a most unpractical prospect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The authors postulated that the age of the animal at the time of its first encounter with a foreign body was the critical factor in determining its responsiveness and, hence, its recognition of nonself antigens. (medscape.com)
  • Our technologies allowed new peptide-HLA combinations to be rapidly defined that have the potential to broaden TCR diversity for patients with different HLA types whose tumors present these novel peptides. (medigene.com)
  • Consequently, the results of the study claim that a scarcity of the GB110 antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 may induce dental disease in DS. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Lymph node colonization induces tumor-immune tolerance to promote distant metastasis. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we develop a syngeneic melanoma mouse model of LN metastasis to investigate how tumors spread to LNs and whether LN colonization influences metastasis to distant tissues. (stanford.edu)