Induces cell cycle arrest apoptosis of somatic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

In contrast, both mutations in nonhereditary retinoblastoma are somatic. (medscape.com)
Not too long ago, the high-throughput gene microarray evaluation of Fn-infected and non-infected Caco-2 cells permits us to discover the global molecular adjustments from transcriptome alterations to somatic mutations, too as epigenetic adjustments (De et al. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
References 2 and 3 describe the characteristics of cancer cells and the importance of mutations in cancer development. (nature.com)
Of note, recent genomic studies demonstrate activating, somatic BRAF mutations in the majority of human specimens. (medscape.com)
U2AF1 mutations induce oncogenic IRAK4 isoforms and activate innate immune pathways in myeloid malignancies. (cancer-genetics.org)
Collectively, mutations in U2AF1 induce expression of therapeutically targetable 'active' IRAK4 isoforms and provide a genetic link to activation of chronic innate immune signalling in MDS and AML. (cancer-genetics.org)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known as an anticancer drug that acts in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle to arrest cell proliferation and induce cellular senescence (see the upper left figure). (dojindo.com)
It was discovered when pulmonary fibroblasts slowed down their proliferation and eventually ended in cell death after cell passaging had been performed for more than 8 months. (dojindo.com)
Functional studies suggest that TAGLN2 promotes ESCC progression, while CRNN inhibits it by regulating cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (biologists.com)
10] Interestingly, this analysis found no differences in expression of proliferation markers between these subsets of CD207+ cells, consistent with the hypothesis that LCH may be a disease of abnormal cellular accumulation. (medscape.com)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
He gonad throughout granulosa cell differentiation (Pyroptosis Accession Figure 1B). (bet-bromodomain.com)
Our gene expression analysis of human melanoma cell lines and patient tumors revealed that melanoma follows a two-dimensional differentiation trajectory that can be subclassified into four progressive subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
This differentiation model is associated with subtype-specific sensitivity to iron-dependent oxidative stress and cell death known as ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs present an orthogonal therapeutic approach to target the differentiation plasticity of melanoma cells to increase the efficacy of targeted and immune therapies. (bvsalud.org)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
These cells possess both differentiation plasticity (stemness) and tissue supportive functions (stromalness) that can coexist and overlap, with differences depending on tissue source, donor characteristics, culture conditions and delivery strategies, leading to alternative best fittings for the term "stem" or "stromal" [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
These differences were found in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell signaling, metastasis, and myeloid differentiation. (medscape.com)

The subsequent process is triggered to overcome the barrier of RIS, cell apoptosis, or cell-cycle arrest by shutting off the function of tumor suppressor genes such as p16 INK4a , p21 CIP1 , and p53 , and then inducing the full commitment of iPSCs (Full-iPSCs) by endogenous stemness genes, as described in the text. (biomedcentral.com)
Myeloid immune cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may represent potential novel therapeutic targets in HCC, complementing current ablative or immune therapies. (cancerindex.org)
Braig, M. & Schmitt, C. A. Oncogene-induced senescence: putting the brakes on tumor development. (nature.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of tumor that originates from the squamous epithelium of the head and neck areas, including the mucous membranes of the lips, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and others ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
We also analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune-related gene expression, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity of patients with HNSCC in the high- and low-risk groups. (frontiersin.org)
These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)
Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)

2017). Even though these aspects are related with all the carcinogenesis induced by Fn, nonetheless tiny is recognized about genes that contribute to CRC in Fn infection microenvironment. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
To construct a prognostic signature composed of DNA repair genes to effectively predict the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (frontiersin.org)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
A 2010 study comparing gene expression of cells expressing CD207 (a marker of Langerhans cells) in LCH lesions with epidermal CD207+ control cells identified differential expression of more than 2000 genes between these 2 subsets. (medscape.com)

In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
In mammalian organisms, cells that express markers of senescence have been shown to accumulate with age and at sites of certain age-related pathologies. (nature.com)
Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
Irreversible cell cycle arrest is one of the phenomena that characterize cellular senescence. (dojindo.com)
Cellular senescence is controlled by various factors such as cell type and physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)
Research into apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence is very important for understanding the intracellular functions that control cell survival and death. (dojindo.com)
Recently, various fields have given particular attention to cellular senescence due to the recent discoveries of SASP (a known cancer-causing factor) and senescence-related phenomena in stem cell research. (dojindo.com)
MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. (encyclopedia.pub)

DNA damage response-related E3 ligases, such as RNF168, FBXW7, and HERC2, were generated with more than 10% mutation in several cancer cells. (bmbreports.org)
The first mutation of RB1 in cases of retinoblastoma can be either constitutional or somatic, whereas the second mutation is always somatic. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, the function of this mutation was analyzed through various in vitro assays using the RGC-5 cell line. (aging-us.com)
Our results demonstrate that the p.Pro326Leu mutation induces RGC-5 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with a decreased BcL-XL. (aging-us.com)

Knocking down of CEP55 could arrest the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in Fn-infected Caco-2 cells. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
As a result, changes in SA-ß-Gal expression, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. (dojindo.com)
The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)

Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl- m -toluamide) and permethrin-induced release of rat brain mitochondrial cytochrome c. (cdc.gov)

The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
Regulation of MCL1 through the AR signaling axis is indirectly mediated via a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. (oncotarget.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
Consistent with this, the single high dose HDM201 regimen resulted in rapid and marked induction of PUMA expression and apoptosis together with down-regulation of Bcl-xL in vivo. (bace-signal.com)
HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)

In this review, we summarize some recent findings on HPV-associated carcinogenesis, such as miRNAs in HPV-associated cancers, implication of stem cells in the biology and therapy of HPV-positive cancers, HPV vaccines, targeted therapy of cervical cancer, and drug treatment for HPV-induced intraepithelial neoplasias. (virosin.org)

Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)

Using constructs downregulating or overexpressing MCL1 we demonstrate that expression of MCL1 prevents induction of apoptosis when PCa cells are grown under steroid-deprived conditions. (oncotarget.com)
This time window correlates with an epigenetic transition of PGCs and cell cycle arrest involving E7.5-E9.5 [3,11].Loss of Mad2l2 deficient PGCs is caused by an intrinsic failureProper development of PGCs relies on their endogenous system as well as on exogenous signals emanating from surrounding somatic cells that assistance their induction, migration or survival in many organisms [414]. (bet-bromodomain.com)
Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. (bace-signal.com)
By comparison, high dose pulses of HDM201 were associated with marked induction of PUMA and a rapid onset of apoptosis. (bace-signal.com)
Although localized disease can be treated by surgery alone, the standard therapy for patients with metastatic disease usually comprises intensive induction chemotherapy, local surgery and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, external radiotherapy and retinoic acid treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
2017). Additionally, it was discovered that Fn could boost the growth and migration of CRC cells by the overexpression of microRNA-21 by means of TLR4/NF-B signaling pathway (Yang et al. (trpv1inhibitor.com)

Our data showed that the expression of centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (CEP55) is substantially greater in Fn-infected Caco-2 cells. (trpv1inhibitor.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. (cancerindex.org)
Analysis of MCL1 protein and mRNA expression in PCa tissue and primary cell culture specimens of luminal and basal origin, respectively, reveals higher expression in cancerous tissue compared to benign origin. (oncotarget.com)
All E9.0 Mad2l22/2 PGCs had accumulated active, acetylated p53 protein, reflecting an activated pressure response and impending apoptosis (Figure S3A) [40]. (bet-bromodomain.com)
Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
the protein levels of UHRF1 and BRCA1 were measured with western blot or cell immunofluorescent staining, and the interaction of UHRF1 and BRCA1 proteins was detected with co-immunoprecipitation when cells were treated with drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface expression of the ROMK (Kir 1.1) channel is regulated by the aldosterone-induced kinase, SGK-1, and protein kinase A. J Biol Chem. (ima-press.net)
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) was the dominant alternatively spliced isoform in MDS and AML and is characterized by a longer isoform that retains exon 4, which encodes IRAK4-long (IRAK4-L), a protein that assembles with the myddosome, results in maximal activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) and is essential for leukaemic cell function. (cancer-genetics.org)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate to induce mitotic defects and genomic instability by uncoupling centrosome duplication from the cell division cycle. (virosin.org)
In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (biologists.com)

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
The effects of ginseng oligosaccharides (GSOs) on neuronal oxidative injury induced by glutamate (GLU) and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated. (sdbonline.org)
These findings indicate that GSOs protect against GLU-induced neuronal oxidative damage through Nrf2/HO-1 activation. (sdbonline.org)
2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

As chromosome instability refers to the rate that chromosomes or large portions of chromosomes are changed, there should be comparisons between cells, or cell populations rather than looking at cells individually in order to determine chromosome instability. (wikipedia.org)
This is because the fitness cost (survival to next generation) of chromosomal instability is lower in polyploid cells, as the cell has a greater number of chromosomes to make up for the chromosomal instability it experiences. (wikipedia.org)

Defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair signaling permit cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that confer their aggressive phenotype. (bmbreports.org)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
Figure 1: The senescent phenotype induced by multiple stimuli. (nature.com)
These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)

Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Multiple E2F-induced microRNAs prevent replicative stress in response to mitogenic signaling. (virosin.org)
A classic paper that describes the limited replicative lifespan of normal human cells. (nature.com)

These genetic changes can occur by multiple mechanisms that can be inherited (found in the germline) or acquired (somatic). (medscape.com)
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been tested to improve the anticancer efficacy of PARP inhibitors for PCa cells, but the exact mechanisms are still elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (biologists.com)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. (ersjournals.com)
Our review explores influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a paradigm for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS pathogenesis and ageing as a risk factor for severe disease. (ersjournals.com)

Here, we found that two cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, activated colorectal cancer cells to be more invasive and stem-like. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cell marker Oct-4 was upregulated in colorectal cancer cells upon IL-6 and TNF-α stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
Proinflammatory cytokine-induced cancer cell invasiveness is mediated by a STAT3-regulated mechanism in colorectal cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)

Germline and somatic follicle cells mutant for dm exhibit a profound decrease in their ability to grow and to carry out endoreplication,a modified cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. (biologists.com)
Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (biologists.com)
However, in cases in which the entire germline cyst or the whole follicular epithelium was mutant for dm , the growth of the entire follicle, including the wild-type cells, was delayed. (biologists.com)

Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with a low survival rate due to a lack of therapeutic targets. (bvsalud.org)
In particular, inhibition of PKC and mTOR stimulated the increased autophagy (the utilization of waste and abnormal proteins), which contributes to an increase in the survival of cells and model organisms. (ima-press.net)

Rath P.C. and Mukhopadhyaya T. (2009) p53 gene expression and 2-methoxyestradiol treatment differentially induce NF-kB activation in human lung cancer cells with different p53 phenotypes, DNA Cell Biol. (jnu.ac.in)
Mol Cell Biol, 30: 2983-2995. (virosin.org)
Trends Cell Biol. (nature.com)
Nat Cell Biol, 2017 Sep. (nih.gov)
Mol Biol Cell. (ima-press.net)
Nat Cell Biol. (cancer-genetics.org)

Co-administration of both drugs synergistically decreased cell viability and clonogenicity, and synergistically induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage, while had no detectable toxicity to normal prostate epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
It was found that GSOs reversed GLU-induced reductions in cell viability and the LDH release rate, and rescued ROS accumulation. (sdbonline.org)

Moreover, clonogenicity of primary basal PCa cells is efficiently inhibited by Obatoclax. (oncotarget.com)

Cell Reports, 2023. (dojindo.com)

Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)

Nevertheless, tumors depend on residual DNA repair abilities to survive the DNA damage induced by genotoxic stress. (bmbreports.org)

As judged by the TUNEL assay (See Text S1), some SSEA1-positive PGCs undergoing cell death had been detected in E9.0 hindgut endoderm (Figure 2C). (bet-bromodomain.com)
The TUNEL assay demonstrated apoptosis in SSEA1-positive PGCs of Prdm1-Cre+, Mad2l2fl/fl embryos at E8.75 (Figure three). (bet-bromodomain.com)

Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. (ersjournals.com)
Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 in recycling endosomes mediates acute activation of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by glucocorticoids. (ima-press.net)

p53 is a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage and blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
Singh D.K. and Rath P.C. (2012) Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) show tissue-specific, mosaic genome and methylation-unrestricted, wide-spread expression of noncoding RNAs in somatic tissues of the rat. (jnu.ac.in)
Mishra RR, Chaudhary JK, Rath PC (2012) Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by expression of a novel TPIP (TPIP-C2) cDNA encoding a C2-domain in HEK-293 cells. (jnu.ac.in)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
Using PCa cellular models in vitro and in vivo we show that MCL1 expression is upregulated in androgen-deprived PCa cells. (oncotarget.com)
The BH3-mimetic Obatoclax induces apoptosis and decreases MCL1 expression in androgen-sensitive PCa cells, while castration-resistant PCa cells are less sensitive and react with an upregulation of MCL1 expression. (oncotarget.com)
Bile acid treatment also increased the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. (jcancer.org)
Depending on their size we suspected them to become germ cells having lost already expression of their standard marker, although we couldn't exclude that they represented mutant somatic cells. (bet-bromodomain.com)
Inhibition of IRAK4-L abrogates leukaemic growth, particularly in AML cells with higher expression of the IRAK4-L isoform. (cancer-genetics.org)

In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)

In 2012, he became a member of the Canary Center at Stanford University where he has leveraged his experience in cell and preclinical studies to develop imaging modalities to track therapeutic responses against cancer as well as detecting early stage cancers. (stanford.edu)
One of the possible reasons for the failure of the present therapeutic regimens is the existence of a relatively rare cell population known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to or not targeted by present therapeutic modalities. (docksci.com)
Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

DNA DSB repair signaling contributes to general mechanism for various types of lesions in diverse cell cycle phases. (bmbreports.org)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

Esophageal squamous precancerous lesions (ESPL) are the precursors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) including low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. (bvsalud.org)

He also has professional interests in stem cell research, the biology of aging, cancer as well as telomere and telomerase biology. (stanford.edu)
Recent developments in cancer biology have identified the existence of a sub-poplulation of cells - cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to most traditional therapies (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and have the ability to repair their damaged DNA. (docksci.com)

For instance, the association of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in a juxtaposition known as Mitochondria-Associated Membrane (MAM), has an important role in controlling mitochondria biogenesis, Ca 2+ release, and lipid synthesis and apoptosis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) probably plays a major role in the development of BE by inducing repeated mucosal damage. (jcancer.org)

The unequal distribution of DNA to daughter cells upon mitosis results in a failure to maintain euploidy (the correct number of chromosomes) leading to aneuploidy (incorrect number of chromosomes). (wikipedia.org)
In other words, the daughter cells do not have the same number of chromosomes as the cell they originated from. (wikipedia.org)
If repair enzymes do not catch this recombination event, the cell may contain non-reciprocal translocation where parts of non-homologous chromosomes are joined together. (wikipedia.org)
When dicentric chromosomes form, a series of events can occur called a breakage-fusion-bridge cycle: Spindle fibers attach onto both centromeres in different locations on the chromosome, thereby tearing the chromatid into two pieces during anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)

Human esophageal squamous epithelial (HET-1A) cells were treated with bile acid and used in transfection experiments. (jcancer.org)

Dietary sugars trigger the production of insulin or insulin-like peptides which are sensed by Insulin receptors at the cell surface and initiate a kinase cascade, leading to the activation of the downstream kinase Akt (PKB), the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surface, and ultimately glucose uptake. (biomedcentral.com)

Schematic representation of the nuclear reprogramming process from somatic cells, including primary cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Rath P.C. (2005) Relationship between constitutive Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kB) and Inhibitor kappaB-alpha (IkB-a) in an Interferon-a-sensitive human Burkitt lymphoma cell line. (jnu.ac.in)
Moreover, TUNELpositive, SSEA1-negative cells having a higher nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio had been observed in the hindgut. (bet-bromodomain.com)

Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)

Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
DNA damage and repair play important roles throughout the life of a cell ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

2011. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 induces cervical cancer cell migration through the p53/microRNA-23b/urokinase-type plasminogen activator pathway. (virosin.org)
Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)

Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
Emigration to the dorsal mesentery did not occur, and consequently, gonad PRMT3 Gene ID primordia at E13.5 were devoid of germ cells (Figure 2A). (bet-bromodomain.com)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)

In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. (ersjournals.com)
The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)

Several types of PCa cells and prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 were treated with veliparib or SAHA alone or in combination. (biomedcentral.com)

Integrating established knowledge of influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathophysiology, we discuss how shared clinical findings frame influenza as only an approximate model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)

Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)

1987. Biochemical responses to induced intoxication with insecticides: 1. (cdc.gov)

Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)

In 2002, he joined Stanford University where he initially utilized his experience from Geron Corporation to research cardiovascular and endothelial progenitor cell function. (stanford.edu)

Surprisingly, despite their impaired ability to endoreplicate, dm mutant follicle cells appeared to carry out chorion gene amplification normally. (biologists.com)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy35

Organisms10

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Mutations7

Proliferation14

Differentiation15

Tumor7

Genes5

Senescence13

Mutation4

Progression4

Mitochondrial5

Regulation6

Carcinogenesis1

Oxidative stress1

Pathways1

Myeloid1

Induction5

Signaling pathway2

Protein10

Mitotic2

Neuronal4

Instability2

Phenotype4

Replicative3

Mechanisms4

20192

Colorectal cancer3

Germline3

Survival4

Biol6

Viability2

Clonogenicity1

20231

Exogenous1

Genotoxic stress1

Assay2

Acute2

Expression10

Dendritic cells1

Therapeutic3

Mechanism3

Esophageal squamous cell carc1

Biology2

Synthesis1

Mucosal1

Chromosomes5

Squamous1

Kinase1

Nuclear3

PGCs1

Damage3

Migration2

Germ4

Pathogenesis2

Epithelial cell1

Pathophysiology1

Transcription Factors1

Responses1

Involves1

Progenitor cell1

Mutant1

Malignancies1