• Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs might reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress antileukemic immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. (nature.com)
  • EVs collected from the serum of leukemic samples might correlate with disease stage, drug-/immunological resistance, or might correlate with antileukemic immunity/immune response. (nature.com)
  • Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)
  • Alexandra Gabriela Barros Ferreira defends her Ph.D. thesis "Restoring antitumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies" on Friday, 17 November, 2023. (lu.se)
  • My Ph.D. studies have focused on restoring anti-tumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)
  • In addition, recurrent tumors expressed genes associated with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-type transition, and had lost, or at least reduced, expression of mouse homologs of the human RNAs encoding prostate-specific antigens in the ASEL. (genengnews.com)
  • We use different preclinical mouse models of cancer to investigate the local administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody and its effect on cancer progression and the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • The mathematical model developed presented the following main components: (1) tumour progression in the animals without treatment was described with a linear model, (2) vaccine effects were modelled assuming that vaccine triggers a non-instantaneous immune response inducing cell death. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Escape from immune surveillance is thought to contribute to the development and progression of GB. (frontiersin.org)
  • They can evolve during tumor progression and acq. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigens on target cells and lyse these cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here, using massively parallel sequencing, we characterize expressed mutations in highly immunogenic methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas derived from immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) mice that phenotypically resemble nascent primary tumour cells. (nih.gov)
  • Nevertheless, building on the positive aspects of this approach, the researchers postulated that it may be possible to provide a broad antigenic repertoire for in vivo immune selection of relevant tumor-associated antigens by expressing a cDNA library of a normal tissue using a systemically delivered, immunogenic vector. (genengnews.com)
  • CIGB-247 was immunogenic in a broader patient population, and induced Bevacizumab-like polyclonal antibodies, indicating that the VEGF-specific antibody response could have a potentially relevant clinical activity. (researchsquare.com)
  • RCC is an immunogenic tumor, and spontaneous regressions have been documented. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, any tumor cells that do manage to evade the initial antitumor immune response are mopped up after a second-line virus-based immunotherapy comprising a different set of antigens. (genengnews.com)
  • Recent advances in cancer immunology, highlighted by immune checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated that immunotherapy is a viable option in the oncologist's armamentarium. (ndltd.org)
  • This mechanistically rational antigen selection sequence, effective even for unvaccinated donors, regardless of HLA-haplotype, enables rapid identification of tumor protein regions relevant for cancer immunology, including adoptive immunotherapy, vaccines, and even identification of tumor neo-antigens unique to each patient. (ndltd.org)
  • So far, the most successful passive immunotherapy directed to VEGF is Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the binding of VEGF to its receptors [5], which has been approved, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of different tumors [6-12]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Author information Abstract Immunotherapy is a growing therapeutic strategy in oncology based on the stimulation of innate and adaptive immune systems to induce the death of tumour cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In recent years, immunotherapy to activate anti-cancer host immune cells to kill tumors has become a new area of research for the treatment of prostate cancer. (asmepress.com)
  • As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precise treatment of malignant tumors. (asmepress.com)
  • In the past decades, immunotherapy has been used to treat prostate cancer through anti-tumor effects driven by immune response. (asmepress.com)
  • Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®, Dendreon, USA) is an active immune cell-based immunotherapy that induces an immune response against prostate acid phosphatase (PAP). (asmepress.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunotherapy can fail in patients with cancer when certain cancer cells can hide from the immune system. (lu.se)
  • However, cDC1 can be compromised in cancer patients and some cancer cells lack these antigen-presenting proteins on their surface, impacting immunotherapy response. (lu.se)
  • Little is known about the antigens expressed in nascent tumour cells, whether they are sufficient to induce protective antitumour immune responses or whether their expression is modulated by the immune system. (nih.gov)
  • These results demonstrate that the strong immunogenicity of an unedited tumour can be ascribed to expression of highly antigenic mutant proteins and show that outgrowth of tumour cells that lack these strong antigens via a T-cell-dependent immunoselection process represents one mechanism of cancer immunoediting. (nih.gov)
  • The team's previous work had already shown that killing normal cells in situ using the adjuvant hsp70 generated T cell responses to antigens that mediated rejection of tumors of the same histological type. (genengnews.com)
  • The main target and effector cells of the CTLA-4 blockade treatment in the studied tumor models are tumor-specific endogenous CD8 + T cells that are capable of eradicating also distant tumors, whereas CD4 + T cells do not play a prominent role in the antibody-mediated tumor eradication. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Predicted epitopes were synthesized in the form of synthetic long peptides and tested in immune system sensitization assays involving unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (ndltd.org)
  • Hot spot" peptide Ag-specific T-cells preferentially recognized endogenous tumor derived MUC1, either in MUC1 expressing tumor cell killing assays (p=0.038, compared to non-peptide Ag-specific T-cells) or as MUC1 tumor lysate when pulsed onto restimulatory PBMC (p=0.022 and 0.025, for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, respectively, compared to T-cells directed against peptides from non-hot spot regions). (ndltd.org)
  • The innate immune system includes macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and natural killer (NK) cells, which respond quickly to an immunological threat. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, other cells at the interface of the innate and the adaptive immune system (e.g cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) or invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT)) are important mediators in antitumor-, autoimmune-, and antimicrobial responses and tumor surveillance. (nature.com)
  • Regularly, anergy of T cells or other immune cells can be regularly reverted to anti-leukemic functionality. (nature.com)
  • Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
  • Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, and it is significantly increased during tumor development with the aim to supply nutrients and oxygen that support the high rate proliferation of tumor cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • The alterations we find are then studied in-depth to determine how they contribute to the development of cancer, whether it is promoting tumor growth, enhancing the ability for the cancer to invade into normal tissue, or preventing the various fail-safe mechanisms programmed into our cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In this paper, we have developed a population semi-mechanistic model able to characterize the mechanisms implied in tumour growth dynamic after the administration of CyaA-E7, a vaccine able to target antigen to dendritic cells, thus triggering a potent immune response. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Tumors frequently induce immature myeloid cells (iMC), which suppress specific and unrelated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and are termed myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Sipuleucel-T consists of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells including antigen presenting cells (APCs). (asmepress.com)
  • The active components of Sipuleucel-T are autologous APCs and PAP-GM-CSF, in addition to T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and other cells that specifically bind to PAP expressed in prostate cancer tissue to kill tumor cells. (asmepress.com)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • All of these products are designed to block the immune abrogating signals that enable cells to avoid immune destruction. (shu.edu)
  • We have discussed checkpoint blockade by PD-1, previously - PD-1 is a molecule expressed in the surface of T-cells , which when binding to PD-L1, causes the T-cell to down-regulate, that is, to no longer mount an anti-tumor immune response. (shu.edu)
  • Nivolumab is an antibody that binds to PD-1 and blocks it from interacting with PD-L1 (expressed on cancer cells and antigen presenting cells), which then prevents Cytotoxic T-cells from becoming down-regulated against the antigens expressed on the neighboring TCR (T-cell receptor) - see article . (shu.edu)
  • B, blockade of this pathway by anti-PD-1 antibodies prevents this downregulation, and allows T cells to maintain their antitumor functionality and ability to mediate tumor cell death. (shu.edu)
  • CTLA-4 (Yervoy - ipilimumab) and PD-1 (Opdivo - nivolumab) blockade accomplish similar objectives, though they act on different immune cells at different times in the immune response. (shu.edu)
  • B, PD-1 is mainly expressed on antigen-experienced memory T cells in peripheral tissues cells. (shu.edu)
  • Tumor cells use this regulatory mechanism to evade a tumor-directed T-cell response by upregulating the PD-1 ligands B7-H1 and B7-DC. (shu.edu)
  • Upon interaction with its ligand, galectin-9, Tim-3 induces a death signal in Th1 cells thereby contracting Th1 immune responses and preventing the immunopathology that would otherwise ensue. (shu.edu)
  • Tim-3 can therefore be classed along with other negative regulatory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are also expressed on T cells and serve to contract T cell responses. (shu.edu)
  • STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
  • Her research involves direct reprogramming approaches, which function like a Trojan horse, enabling cancer cells to be targeted by the immune system. (lu.se)
  • By using direct reprogramming strategies, I could induce the expression of tumor antigens on the surface of cancer cells, making them visible to the immune system again. (lu.se)
  • We focused particularly on harnessing reprogramming, or direct cellular reprogramming, to induce antigen presentation in cancer cells. (lu.se)
  • when it comes to cancer they are critical as they present tumor antigens to the killer cells of the immune system and orchestrate the anti-tumor immune response. (lu.se)
  • Direct reprogramming strategies with cDC1-specific factors can induce antigen-presentation in cancer cells, making cancer cells visible to the immune system and easier to fight. (lu.se)
  • Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite the activity of effector cells, host immunoreactivity may fail to control tumor occurrence and growth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The T cell is the primary cell responsible for direct recognition and killing of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • T cells carry out immunologic surveillance, then proliferate and destroy newly transformed tumor cells after recognizing TAAs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • some cells require the presence of humoral antibodies directed against the tumor cells (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) to initiate the interactions that lead to the death of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, suppressor T cells inhibit the immune response against tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast to CTLs, NK cells lack receptors for antigen detection but can still recognize normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, the decreased level of class I molecule expression characteristic of many tumor cells may allow activation of NK cells and subsequent tumor lysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CD1d is a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) group of glycoproteins on the surface of human antigen-presenting cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Macrophages can kill specific tumor cells when activated by a combination of factors, including lymphokines (soluble factors produced by T cells) and interferon. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Under certain circumstances, macrophages may present TAAs to T cells and stimulate tumor-specific immune response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • NK cells, among other cells, are key effector cells of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in the antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, iMC expand independent of the type of anti-tumor response and are not immune-suppressive in a cell-autonomous fashion. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Blocking a blocker allows the anti-tumor response (first wave) to proceed unabated, which in the context of cancer is the desired outcome. (shu.edu)
  • ER stress triggers Unfolded protein response (UPR) that protects against ER stress by decreasing unfolding of proteins. (helsinki.fi)
  • These antigens may be cell surface proteins or may be intracellular proteins (eg, TAAs) that are expressed on the surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Polyclonal antibody response was specific to VEGF, and showed no cross reactivity with other VEGF family members like VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies detected in the serum of vaccinated patients were able to block the binding of VEGF to its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. (researchsquare.com)
  • Collectively, these negative regulatory receptors are now commonly referred to as immune-checkpoint molecules. (shu.edu)
  • It is part of the Carinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) family of adhesion molecule receptors. (shu.edu)
  • A collaboration between Bristol-Myers Squibb and Kyowa Hakko Kirin to test a combination of Kyowa's Poteligeo (mogamulizumab), an anti-CCR4 antibody, and BMS' Opdivo (nivolumab) in a Phase I/II trial in advanced or metastatic solid tumors was announced. (shu.edu)
  • This review summarizes the use of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in clinical oncology to treat solid tumors with irreversible electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). (rsna.org)
  • It unlocks novel dimensions by uncovering elusive cell populations and tumor heterogeneities for early detection, unraveling mechanisms of treatment resistance, tailoring therapies to individuals, and illuminating metastasis and cachexia pathways, thereby opening fresh avenues for preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although many immune components that participate in this process are known, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. (nih.gov)
  • Current studies are aimed at the further characterization of the mechanisms through which these genes act, the identification of other genes that play a role in this tumor type, and the application of this knowledge to patient management. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The team cloned a cDNA library from normal human prostate, which they termed altered self antigen and epitope library (ASEL) into VSV, and systemically injected the antigen-expressing vector into normal experimental mice. (genengnews.com)
  • They then went on to test the virus-expressed human cDNA library in mice with established prostate tumors. (genengnews.com)
  • Nine intravenous injections of ASEL were sufficient to cure over 80% of mice with the prostate tumors, with no detectable autoim-mune prostatitis. (genengnews.com)
  • They first tried a second vaccination comprising virally expressed immune-escape epitope libraries (IEELs) constructed using cDNA from the recurrent tumors of ASEL-treated mice. (genengnews.com)
  • RESULTS: In tumor-implanted mice, the spinal MOR and KOR protein and mRNA expression was down-regulated when compared to that in sham-implanted mice (p (bvsalud.org)
  • Morphine, nalbuphine, or nalbuphine co-administration with morphine all can extend the paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) to radiant thermal stimulation in tumor-implanted mice (p (bvsalud.org)
  • Mathematical model approach to describe tumour response in mice after vaccine administration and its applicability to immune-stimulatory cytokine-based strategies. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • This type of mathematical approaches may be helpful to maximize the information obtained from experiments in mice, reducing the number of animals and the cost of developing new antitumor immunotherapies. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Effective cancer immuno- and virotherapies are hindered by a lack of identified tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), poor coverage of the antigenic repertoire expressed by tumors, and difficulties associated with targeting vectors to tumors in vivo , explains Dr. Vile, together with co-lead author Alan Melcher, at the U.K. Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research U.K. Clinical Center, and colleagues. (genengnews.com)
  • They chose VSV as the vector for delivering and expressing the antigens in vivo. (genengnews.com)
  • Mainly analyzed by in vitro assays in tumor transplantation models, little is known about their function in autochthonous tumor models in vivo. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • None of the iMC from the different tumor models suppressed CTL responses in adoptive cell transfer experiments, unless GM-CSF was provided in vivo. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)
  • Researchers have developed a virus-based vaccine expressing a broad spectrum of undefined antigens from normal human prostate tissue that they claim completely eradicates established mouse prostate tumors in experimental animals. (genengnews.com)
  • Reporting in Nature Medicine , the team in the U.S. and U.K. that developed the approach says the vaccine can be delivered systemically without the need for tumor targeting, appears to have no side effects, and doesn't induce autoimmunity. (genengnews.com)
  • CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a variant of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed with the bacterial-derived adjuvant VSSP. (researchsquare.com)
  • developed a therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a truncated form of human VEGF (aminoacids 26-104). (researchsquare.com)
  • This antigen sequence represents the complete Bevacizumab binding site and using RFASE as adjuvant, the vaccine (hVEGF 26-104 /RFASE) induces an immune response with VEGF neutralizing activity and anti-tumor effect [15]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) is expressed in approximately 95% of prostate cancers and is mainly limited to prostate tissue, which is a target for prostate cancer tumor vaccine development. (asmepress.com)
  • Cancer immunoediting, the process by which the immune system controls tumour outgrowth and shapes tumour immunogenicity, is comprised of three phases: elimination, equilibrium and escape. (nih.gov)
  • A central tenet of cancer immunoediting is that T-cell recognition of tumour antigens drives the immunological destruction or sculpting of a developing cancer. (nih.gov)
  • We also demonstrate that cancer immunoediting of d42m1 occurs via a T-cell-dependent immunoselection process that promotes outgrowth of pre-existing tumour cell clones lacking highly antigenic mutant spectrin-β2 and other potential strong antigens. (nih.gov)
  • This report shows the characterization of the humoral response elicited after vaccination with 400 µg of antigen combined with 200 µg of VSSP in cancer patients representative of the Cuban real clinical practice setting. (researchsquare.com)
  • We analyzed iMC in three SV40 large T (Tag)-driven conditional autochthonous cancer models with drastically different immune status: 1. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Early Tag-specific CTL competence and rare stochastic Tag activation leading to sporadic cancer, which induces an aberrant immune response and CTL tolerance. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. (asmepress.com)
  • Cancer vaccines use tumor cell-associated antigens to induce a specific anti-tumor immune response that is durable and robust. (asmepress.com)
  • We tested an essential-oil derivative, camphor white oil (CWO), for anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of keratinocyte-derived skin cancer. (biorxiv.org)
  • Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
  • Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for children and glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor for adults. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and currently incurable. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, without any curative treatment options available at present. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutations in four or five such genes are required for a malignant tumor to form, while fewer mutations suffice for benign tumorigenesis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This approach, they reasoned, might activate autoimmune and antitumor T cell responses, and dispense with the need for administration directly into normal tissues. (genengnews.com)
  • ECT uses HVEPs to transiently increase membrane permeability, enhancing cellular cytotoxic drug uptake in tumors. (rsna.org)
  • Three intravenous ASEL injections typically induced initial tumor regression, but with subsequent aggressive tumor recurrence. (genengnews.com)
  • Daily topical treatment with CWO induced dramatic regression of pre-malignant skin tumors and a two-fold reduction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. (biorxiv.org)
  • Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)
  • SUMMARY BLURB Essential oil derived from the camphor tree acts by stimulating immune cell-dependent regression of skin tumors in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (biorxiv.org)
  • Blockade of CTLA-4 by antibodies has potentiated antitumor T-cell responses in both preclinical models and clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our lab is currently working on understanding the extreme responders and extreme clinical phenotypes of brain and spinal cord tumors to identify factors that may modulate responses to therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Dr. Brem and his colleagues have designed and led many multi-institutional clinical trials to improve and expand the range of therapeutic options for patients with brain tumors . (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We studied the relationship between KIR-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) combinations and the clinical outcomes of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
  • Our findings highlight the importance of innate immune response against Ebola virus and show the association between KIRs and the clinical outcome of EVD. (cdc.gov)
  • The immune modulation mediated by this pathway ensures protection of tissue from collateral damage during an inflammatory response. (shu.edu)
  • the potent combination of high-voltage electrical pulses with immune cascade-enhancing drugs may offer a bridge between local-regional and systemic treatments in oncology. (rsna.org)
  • Using class I prediction algorithms, we identify mutant spectrin-β2 as a potential rejection antigen of the d42m1 sarcoma and validate this prediction by conventional antigen expression cloning and detection. (nih.gov)
  • The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
  • This clonal expansion and subsequent growth of the tumors appears to be caused by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the whole process is accelerated by defects in genes required for maintaining genetic instability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • These genes are either tumor suppressors (VHL, TSC) or oncogenes (MET). (medscape.com)
  • EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. (nature.com)
  • To increase the immune response to PAP, it is activated by adding PAP and the recombinant fusion protein of immune activator GM-CSF (PAP-GM-CSF) at a specific stage of cell culture. (asmepress.com)
  • The therapeutic approach to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is guided by the probability of cure, which is related directly to the stage or degree of tumor dissemination. (medscape.com)
  • Both tumors are difficult to treat, and new therapies are urgently needed for these cancers. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The laboratory focuses on developing new therapies for brain and skull base tumors , and has established the first primary skull base chordoma xenograft mouse model. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The proposed model structure was successfully applied to describe antitumor effect of IL-12, suggesting its applicability to different immune-stimulatory therapies. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In addition, a simulation exercise to evaluate in silico the impact on tumour size of possible combination therapies has been shown. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Unlike alternative ablative therapies, electroporation does not affect the structural integrity of surrounding tissue, thereby enabling tumors in the vicinity of vital structures to be treated. (rsna.org)
  • cutaneous exposure to antigen in atopic dermatitis may enhance the development of asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesized that many tumor associated antigens (Ag) are readily susceptible to immune attack, but only in the context of identifying the tumor antigen epitopes that can reliably initiate an immune response, regardless of individual patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype restrictions. (ndltd.org)
  • By injecting the antibodies in a subcutaneous slow-release delivery formulation in the tumor area, we show that an eight-fold lower dose of antibody is as effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These elicited antibodies impaired the high affinity interaction between VEGF and monoclonal antibody Bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug approved in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of different tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • Elicited polyclonal antibody response in addition to its cross-reactivity with human VEGF, have also demonstrated in rats and monkeys its capacity to impair the binding of Bevacizumab to VEGF [15, 16], indicating the presence of antibodies that block binding sites on VEGF which have shown to be clinically relevant. (researchsquare.com)
  • A, ligation of T-cell PD-1 by tumor B7-H1 results in the downregulation of T-cell effector functions that destroy tumor tissue. (shu.edu)
  • CTLA-4 and PD-1 modulate different aspects of the T-cell response: A, CTLA-4 is upregulated after antigen-specific activation of a naïve or memory T cell in lymphatic tissue, leading to decreased effector function (early activation phase). (shu.edu)
  • IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. (rsna.org)
  • Chemotherapy is used only occasionally, in certain tumor types. (medscape.com)
  • Effective immune surveillance of patients with hematologic malignancies such as leukemia is mediated by cellular and noncellular arms of the innate and adaptive immune system. (nature.com)
  • Cytokines The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)
  • To address the problem of tumor recurrence, the researchers evaluated combinations of vaccination with differ-ent libraries. (genengnews.com)
  • As the mutations accumulate, the tumors become progressively more dangerous. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Researchers claim systemic vaccination with broad antigenic repertoire from normal prostate stimulates anticancer immune response but not autoimmunity. (genengnews.com)
  • challenges have focused primarily on local responses in IgE is strongly associated with the prevalence of asthma, it the skin and have pretty much ignored any systemic raises the interesting question of whether allergen sensitization effects. (cdc.gov)
  • It is well established that the systemic immune ated with a lesser asthma severity. (cdc.gov)
  • Brinkman et al5 examined whether the presence and foods.1,2 However, much less is known about the poten- severity of AD was predictive of the occurrence and mag- tial influence that skin challenges have on the systemic nitude of early and late asthmatic responses to inhaled immune response, in particular whether sensitization allergens. (cdc.gov)
  • VEGF biological activity is mediated by its binding to VEGFR receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) [2], and both interactions have been implicated in tumor-induced angiogenesis and immunosuppression [3, 4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The laboratory has advanced the understanding of gene therapy, angiogenesis, intracranial implantation of biodegradable polymers to treat malignant glioma, tumor genetics and proteomics, microchip drug delivery and drug resistance studies. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This administration method is associated with very low serum levels of antibody, which decreases the risk of treatment-induced side effects. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Irreversible electroporation is a predominantly nonthermal and adjacent structure-sparring ablation method that has been proven safe and efficient in the treatment of tumors in the liver, pancreas, and prostate. (rsna.org)
  • Increasingly, renal cell cancers are diagnosed at an earlier stage, and nephron-sparing surgery and thermal ablation are gaining acceptance as a treatment of choice for smaller tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, intraprostatic ASEL injection resulted in the animals developing prostatitis, which was probably induced by the observed T helper type 17 (T H 17) and IFN-γ responses against prostate antigens, the authors note. (genengnews.com)
  • Intravenous injection generated a prostate-specific T H 17 response and led to the CD4+ T cell-mediated cure of established tumors, without generating an IFN-γ response. (genengnews.com)
  • The possibility of disease-free survival increases after resection of primary tumor and excision of isolated metastasis. (medscape.com)
  • While this approach led to a broad repertoire of individually weak T cell responses against multiple TAAs that cumulatively resulted in strong selective pressure against immune escape, the need to inject the vectors into normal tissues often results in toxicity, they admit. (genengnews.com)
  • We further hypothesized that epitope prediction strategies which seek to identify pan- or highly promiscuous-HLA binding epitopes would reduce the number of potential candidates and be more likely to accurately identify high-priority tumor Ag epitopes. (ndltd.org)
  • Radical nephrectomy is the standard for larger and central tumors. (medscape.com)