• Studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) commonly describe the nonfunctional p53-p21 axis of the G1/S checkpoint pathway with subsequent relevance for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response (DDR). (wikipedia.org)
  • According to their potentiality, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are classified as totipotent and pluripotent, both of them can differentiate into the three germ lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • therefore, new researches focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, because of the increased rate of RF in terminal stage and few alternative treatments, new investigations focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells (SCs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Members of the free-living genus Planaria are widely interrogated in the realm of stem cell biology due to their remarkable regenerative abilities [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, the neoblast mitotic response was increased around the amputation area but the regenerative blastema failed to form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate [2] "Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. (edu.au)
  • Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in the branchial sac, which proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for tissue and organ replacement. (biologists.com)
  • In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIF-1α drives the transcription of NOG to inhibit osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in response to hypoxia. (stembook.org)
  • In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of apoptosis did not affect branchial sac stem cell proliferation but prevented the survival of progenitor cells. (biologists.com)
  • Muted multi-organ transcriptional reprogramming and metabolism rewiring suggest that a KD initiates and mitigates systemic changes induced by the virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leptin and NAP2 promote mesenchymal stem cell senescence through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (stembook.org)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis occurred only in the regenerating basal fragments, although both fragments contained a part of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. (biologists.com)
  • p53 plays a role in regulation or progression through the cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability by means of several mechanisms: It can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can initiate apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death) if DNA damage proves to be irreparable. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kidney is a complex organ composed of several cell types, and it is conformed approximately by 11,000 nephrons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we detected strong membrane LDLR expression on SARS-CoV-2 Spike-positive cells in human lung tissues, whereas no or low ACE2 expression was detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High heterogeneity in the tumor cell population and the invasive nature of these cells decrease the likely efficacy of traditional cancer treatments, thus requiring research into novel treatment options. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • It can arrest growth by holding the cell cycle at the G1/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition-if it holds the cell here for long enough, the DNA repair proteins will have time to fix the damage and the cell will be allowed to continue the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryonic or adult SCs by definition are characterized by their self-renewal and potentiality, peculiarities that allow them to give rise to more SCs and differentiate into various cell lineages under appropriate conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ESCs are obtained from inner cell mass, characterized by unlimited self-renewal and pluripotentiality, which allow them to differentiate into various specialized cells types in a morphologically and functionally way, characteristics that make them attractive for developing differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in response to amputation, levels of cell death were decreased and failed to localize near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ApoE neutralizing antibody efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived astrocytes and air-liquid interface organoid models in addition to human ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells and Calu-3 lung cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • CDK7-YAP-LDHD axis promotes D-lactate elimination and ferroptosis defense to support cancer stem cell-like properties. (stembook.org)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A mutant p53 will no longer bind DNA in an effective way, and, as a consequence, the p21 protein will not be available to act as the "stop signal" for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • When p21(WAF1) is complexed with CDK2, the cell cannot continue to the next stage of cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p21 (WAF1) binds to the G1-S/CDK (CDK4/CDK6, CDK2, and CDK1) complexes (molecules important for the G1/S transition in the cell cycle) inhibiting their activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle stem cells confer maturing macrophages anti-inflammatory properties through insulin-like growth factor-2. (stembook.org)
  • Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. (biologists.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) has demonstrated oncotropism and oncolytic effects on GBM stem cells (GSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of Smed-Akt function also resulted in an increase of cell death throughout the animal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nitric oxide-dependent immunosuppressive function of thymus-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. (stembook.org)
  • Another 2011 study found that the p53 homozygous (Pro/Pro) genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for renal cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study provides a new paradigm for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry through binding of ApoE on the lipoviral particles to host cell receptor(s). (bvsalud.org)
  • The oncolytic effect observed in responder cells was seen both in vitro in neurosphere models and in vivo upon xenograft. (bvsalud.org)