Induced oxidative stress accelerates premature stress induced senescence induces cell senescence. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. (hindawi.com)
In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies. (hindawi.com)
Recently, the emerging role of cellular senescence in DN has attracted a broad attention. (hindawi.com)
In the present review, we will focus on the role of cellular senescence and its related mechanisms in DN. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we will explore the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence and provide important clues for clinical strategies in the management of DN. (hindawi.com)
Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. (frontiersin.org)
More recently, cellular senescence has been considered as an additional cause of age-related tumorigenesis. (frontiersin.org)
However, cellular senescence is not exclusive to ageing. (frontiersin.org)
At the cellular and whole organ level, degenerative changes that are a hallmark of natural aging (shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, accompanied by diminished elasticity) reach pathological levels in aging humans in the form of chronic respiratory disease. (karger.com)
As a result, there is a reduction of cellular debris clearance (autophagy), decreased the pool of stem cells, increase in inflammation and cellular senescence. (geresdengle.com)
Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
There is now substantial evidence that cellular senescence is a barrier to malignant tumorigenesis in vivo . (nature.com)
There is also mounting evidence that cellular senescence contributes to ageing. (nature.com)
Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
Campisi, J. Cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (nature.com)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
Cellular senescence is one of the most fundamental processes that determine cellular ageing in vitro and in vivo. (skinsoc.org.sg)

Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Numerous harmful factors that affect the human body from birth to old age cause many disturbances, e.g., in the structure of the genome, inducing cell apoptosis and their degeneration, which leads to the development of many diseases, including cancer. (mdpi.com)
She joined the Institute of Medical Biology in 2006 as a Research Fellow, where she later led HPV projects related to cell cycle checkpoints, metabolism and apoptosis. (skinsoc.org.sg)
Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)

Setting aside sporadic mutations, every somatic cell in the body contains an identical genome with an identical complement of genes, each of which encodes a specific protein. (ernolaszlo.com)
The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)

Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
The TPD-related genes in KEGG pathways significantly enriched were closely associated with protein metabolism, cell division and differentiation, PCD, stress responses, terpene biosynthesis, and various metabolism processes. (bvsalud.org)
In 2D culture, this is characterized by lower expression of early (keratins 10 and 13) and late (involucrin and filaggrin) epidermal differentiation markers, better proliferation, elevated clonogenicity and an increased proportion of keratinocyte stem cells. (skinsoc.org.sg)
Regarding photoaging, UVB radiation and oxidative stress induce dose-dependent premature terminal differentiation and senescence of human primary keratinocytes, as well as inflammation. (skinsoc.org.sg)
NAM limited premature differentiation, ameliorated senescence (as evidenced by the maintenance of lamin B1 levels) and reduces secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. (skinsoc.org.sg)
She is now a Principal Investigator in A*SRL, where her team studies the pathways that regulate human primary keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and senescence in 2D culture and 3D organotypic skin models. (skinsoc.org.sg)
In myocarditis, T cell differentiation can crucially contribute to aggravating or alleviating such conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)

Mechanistic studies aimed at elucidating these toxicities explore drug/toxicant metabolism, endothelial cell injury (including mitochondrial oxidant stress), and stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (lsu.edu)
Endothelial mitochondrial senescence accelerates cardiovascular disease in antiretroviral-receiving HIV patients. (lsu.edu)
Chronic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and induces premature endothelial senescence. (lsu.edu)
At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) performs a vital role in regulating metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. (mdpi.com)

Limited studies in the aging cardiovascular system of murine models or human patient samples have identified strong correlations between the epigenome, age, and senescence. (oaepublish.com)
Interestingly, many metabolic disorders are associated with premature aging, suggesting that there are mechanisms we can unravel to potentially intervene and prevent the deterioration of the cardiovascular system independent of natural aging. (oaepublish.com)
While stress has considerable value in adapting to disturbances, in modern life it can be maladaptive, as shown by the fact that stress has been directly linked to risk for a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, various psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer (Cohen 2007). (ernolaszlo.com)

Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
The role of curcumin in aging and senescence: Molecular mechanisms. (geresdengle.com)
Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)
Her main areas of investigation are keratinocyte stem cells, (photo)aging and mechanisms of action of anti-aging molecules ranging from cell cycle and metabolism chemical/protein regulators to nutraceuticals. (skinsoc.org.sg)
However, it is only in the last decade that we have finally come to understand their underlying mechanisms of action in gonadotroph cells. (bioone.org)

Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
introduced a new concept of CKD-associated secretory phenotype (CASP), which indicates that senescent renal cells could secrete SASP components of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- α [ 19 , 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Figure 1: The senescent phenotype induced by multiple stimuli. (nature.com)
According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
In this paper, we focus on microglial cell morphology and phenotype as seen by immunohistochemical staining of brain sections. (biomedcentral.com)

They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
In other toxicological studies, we are examining the potential for combustion-generated ultrafine particulate matter (PM) to produce reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative stress in rodents exposed by inhalation. (lsu.edu)
Particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals induces AhR-dependent cytokine and reactive oxygen species production in human bronchial epithelial cells. (lsu.edu)
One possibility is that as cells use oxygen to fuel the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones to release energy, they also generate by-products called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA. (elifesciences.org)
They are also more susceptible to the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that SIR-2.1 may offer protection against oxidative damage. (elifesciences.org)

Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
Stress is formally defined as a state of threatened homeostasis provoked by a psychological, environmental, or physiologic stressor. (ernolaszlo.com)
Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)

Senescence is a stress-response cellular state characterised by proliferative arrest but active metabolism ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Ferroptosis acts as an independent pathway for suppressing tumor growth and is tightly connected with metabolism and oxidative stress responses. (nature.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
Although the DNA content of all somatic cells is identical, different cells appear and behave differently. (ernolaszlo.com)

Over lifetime, due to the action of several stressors such as DNA damage and telomere shortening, senescent cells accumulate in the organism and release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
We observed that age advancement in all three groups combined was associated with a monocyte immune phenotypic profile related to inflammation and a T cell immune phenotypic associated with immune senescence and chronic antigen exposure. (frontiersin.org)
The identified monocyte and T cell immune phenotypic profiles that were associated with age advancement, were strongly related to inflammation, chronic antigen exposure and immune senescence. (frontiersin.org)

Epigenetic alterations, acting both independently and together with increasing mutational burden, genomic instability, and stem cell exhaustion, can influence gene expression in ways that promote aging (Saul 2021). (ernolaszlo.com)
She discovered that the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein, hitherto considered a viral tumor suppressor, induces chromosomal instability and participates in the oncogenic potential of HPV. (skinsoc.org.sg)

Sager, R. Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression. (nature.com)

After that, we examined the result of cultured conditioned mass media (CM) of IVF embryos on splenic immune system cells and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with stably presented ISG15 promoter-reporter constructs. (bioskinrevive.com)
Taste receptors can be found on the surface of immune cells, not just on the tongue, they are also found within the kidney and in the cells of the intestinal lining. (effectiveselfcare.info)
Interestingly, a unique monocyte and T cell immune phenotypic profile predictive for age advancement was found within each group. (frontiersin.org)
The T cell immune phenotypic profile in blood donors was related to loss of T cell function, whereas the same set of markers were related to chronic antigen stimulation and immune senescence in HIV-negative individuals. (frontiersin.org)
In people with HIV, age advancement was related to changes in the CD4 + T cell compartment and more reflective of immune recovery after cART treatment. (frontiersin.org)
While the monocyte and T cell immune phenotypic profile within the HIV-negative individuals reflected those observed in the combined three groups, a distinct profile related to immune dysfunction, was observed within blood donors and people with HIV. (frontiersin.org)
The cause of the accentuated and/or accelerated aging in people with HIV remains to be fully elucidated, with factors like HIV associated chronic immune activation and dysfunction, ART toxicity and the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors each having been implicated to contribute to age-associated comorbidity development ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
Skin-resident dendritic cells act as a first line of defense, ingesting foreign substances, processing them, and presenting them to lymphocytes to activate the immune system. (ernolaszlo.com)
In recent years, extensive research has established that some immune cells either reside in the heart or have very complicated interactions with cardiomyocytes through permanent blood circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, immune cells are typically expected to play a vital role in regulating the immune system responses in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
Both processes are damaging for microglia as they synergistically exhaust this essential cell population to the point where the brain's immune system is effete and unable to support neuronal function. (biomedcentral.com)

In mammalian organisms, cells that express markers of senescence have been shown to accumulate with age and at sites of certain age-related pathologies. (nature.com)

Age-related and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent a source of cellular stress due to their disruptive effect on normal physiological processes and, therefore, can induce premature senescence ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)

Our in vivo and in vitro experiments illustrated that the reduction of obesity-related Nur77 accelerated the occurrence of lower muscle mass by interfering with the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of myoprotein synthesis and degradation. (bvsalud.org)
In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
These pathways respond to somewhat different stimuli but interact and cooperate to control the senescence response. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Senescence controlled by the p53 and p16-pRB pathways. (nature.com)
Oncogenic Ras induces the constitutive activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, activates other effector pathways, in particular, PI3K-mTOR signaling [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)

Clearing old cellular debris, through a process called autophagy , greatly enhances the youthful functioning of the cell. (geresdengle.com)
Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
Autophagy can be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic in response to stress, chemotherapy or irradiation [ 2 - 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
Given that autophagy is initiated upon suppressed mTORC1 activity, a protective autophagy in Ras-transformed cells with a high level of mTORC1 activity appears to be mTORC1-independent [ 20 , 21 ]. (aging-us.com)

Other reports also show that DN is highly associated with accelerated aging in various types of cells such as tubular cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
In particular, it plays a vital role in the physiological and pathological activities of the three important cells, Endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. (wjgnet.com)

Senescent cells accumulate with age in many tissues, at sites of pre-neoplastic lesions or age-related pathologies, such as impaired heart regeneration and in ageing skin. (skinsoc.org.sg)

In mouse, only epiblast cells can be directly converted into cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells, capable of forming all adult cell types. (bioone.org)

These age-related immunological changes resemble those seen during treated HIV-1 infection and include high levels of soluble inflammatory proteins, high levels of monocyte and T cell activation, T cell exhaustion and senescence, and low levels of naïve T cells ( 14 - 25 ). (frontiersin.org)

Figure 2: Telomere-dependent senescence. (nature.com)
Telomerase maintains telomere structure in normal human cells. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)

Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy in various cells of the blood vessel wall. (wjgnet.com)
To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)

In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)
In 2013, she was appointed as an independent Project Leader to work on skin stem cells. (skinsoc.org.sg)

On the single-cell level, lifespan has been shown to decrease in a logarithmic fashion as mutation burden increases (Lee 2018). (ernolaszlo.com)
Consistent with this idea, it has been shown that a reduced calorie intake can reduce oxidative damage in certain species, in addition to extending lifespan. (elifesciences.org)
A classic paper that describes the limited replicative lifespan of normal human cells. (nature.com)

For in vivo test: In vitro lifestyle and embryo freezing After IVF, oocytes encircled with cumulus cells had been placed in fresh new TCM-199 moderate, as well as the embryos had been co-cultured with cumulus cells, as previously defined [21]. (bioskinrevive.com)
Compared to vehicle controls, 2i conditions increased the abundance of cumulus cells in bovine IVF cultures, which compromised blastocyst formation. (bioone.org)
Following cumulus removal, 2i accelerated blastocyst development and increased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cell numbers by 30% and 27%, respectively. (bioone.org)

Moreover, overexpression of HbAPX2 identified as a TPD-related gene enhanced oxidative stress tolerance in S. cerevisiae. (bvsalud.org)
However, cell types are differentiated by their program of gene expression. (ernolaszlo.com)
Thus, gene expression must be tightly regulated so that only appropriate genes are expressed in a particular cell type. (ernolaszlo.com)

This paper summarizes pathological changes that affect microglial cells in the human brain during aging and in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Alzheimer's disease (AD). (biomedcentral.com)

This white paper will first provide a brief refresher on the central paradigm of molecular biology, the rigorously controlled process by which genetic information flows within cells and biological systems. (ernolaszlo.com)

Especially significant is the removal of old damaged protein aggregates, which are detrimental to the functioning of the cell. (geresdengle.com)
By studying cells from patients with premature aging syndromes, my laboratory identified downregulation of lamin B1 - an intermediate filament protein and structural component of the nuclear envelope - as a novel biomarker to detect senescent cells. (skinsoc.org.sg)

Coenzyme Q10 alleviates chronic nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced premature endothelial senescence. (lsu.edu)
Removal of senescent cells (by genetic ablation or pharmacological intervention) alleviates age-associated conditions. (skinsoc.org.sg)

Aging sir-2.1(0) males display accelerated mating behavior decline due to premature hyperexcitability of cholinergic circuits used for intromission and ejaculation. (elifesciences.org)

Macrophages and dendritic cells are also present in normal heart valves. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)

Recent reports show that CKD presents as a clinical model of premature aging. (hindawi.com)
People with HIV on successful antiretroviral therapy show signs of premature aging and are reported to have higher rates of age-associated comorbidities. (frontiersin.org)
However, successfully treated people with HIV are now reported to have higher rates of age-associated comorbidities than the general population ( 1 , 4 - 7 ), suggesting accentuated and possible even accelerated aging of people with HIV. (frontiersin.org)
Lung failure due to aging can be traced to loss of lung stem cell regenerative capacity within the distinctive stem cell niches found within each compartment of the lung. (karger.com)
Current knowledge about the identity and function of these stem cell compartments has been largely drawn from a variety of transgenic and spontaneously mutated mouse models that are characterized by rapid rates of aging or have been used to examine regeneration from injury in the context of natural or accelerated aging. (karger.com)
In this review, we will present current data on lung aging and lung regeneration, with specific attention paid to stem cell-driven regeneration within the context of aging. (karger.com)
Stress can be considered both an intrinsic and extrinsic factor that influences skin aging. (ernolaszlo.com)
In this talk, I will outline the characterization of lamin B1 as a senescence biomarker and highlight its utility in understanding how environmental conditions, such as UV-B exposure, or certain anti-aging interventions, may accelerate or prevent senescence and skin aging, respectively. (skinsoc.org.sg)
It also provides examples of microglial changes that have been observed in laboratory animals during aging and in some experimentally induced lesions and disease models. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we strive to reconcile these seemingly contradictory notions by arguing that both low-grade neuroinflammation and microglial senescence are the result of aging-associated free radical injury. (biomedcentral.com)

Nat Cell Biol. (geresdengle.com)
Front Cell Dev Biol. (geresdengle.com)
Trends Cell Biol. (nature.com)

However, a significant challenge has been the identification of biomarkers that facilitate the unequivocal detection and quantification of senescent cells, particularly in complex tissues in vivo. (skinsoc.org.sg)

Lastly, we will explore the current therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting senescence. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, it promotes vascular remodeling, including calcification and fibrosis, which in turn precedes the development of hypertension and accelerates the progression of other vascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis or heart failure [ 7 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Nevertheless, strong correlations have been found between heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, fibrosis, and regeneration efficiency with senescent cell burden and its proinflammatory sequelae. (oaepublish.com)

Increasing evidence suggests there is a 2-way relationship between stress and skin quality, with direct impacts on keratinocyte and fibroblast number and function as well as on the composition of the extracellular matrix. (ernolaszlo.com)
Although this evidence is still mainly circumstantial, it suggests that the senescence response might be an example of evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy. (nature.com)

Methods and devices for reducing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (lsu.edu)

Nephron progenitors, the self-renewing cells that give rise to nephrons, are particularly metabolically active, relying primarily on glycolysis for energy generation early in development. (lww.com)
Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. (lww.com)
By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)

Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
This can provide Ras-expressing tumor cells additional selective advantages under stress or damage. (aging-us.com)

Old cells have been shown to lose proteostasis, which further limit the abilty of the cell to respond to external threats and maintain function. (geresdengle.com)

Can ferroptosis be specifically induced in tumors but not in normal tissues? (nature.com)

Senescent cells are terminally growth arrested cells that can no longer contribute to tissue repair or regeneration. (skinsoc.org.sg)

References 2 and 3 describe the characteristics of cancer cells and the importance of mutations in cancer development. (nature.com)
Braig, M. & Schmitt, C. A. Oncogene-induced senescence: putting the brakes on tumor development. (nature.com)

Magnesium is kept at higher levels within cells and calcium has higher levels within the blood stream and extracellular fluid. (effectiveselfcare.info)

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