Induced cell death stimuli protected from chemotherapy induced. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Gain of function and loss of function experiments showed that PDCD4 induced turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
PDCD4 induces turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
Resistance of cancer cells towards apoptosis is the major cause of these symptomatic behaviours. (oncotarget.com)
Proven by the use of apoptosis-resistant cellular models and autophagic assays, such isoquinoline alkaloid-induced cytotoxic effect involves energy- and autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7)-dependent autophagy that resulted from direct activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). (oncotarget.com)
Hyperthermia alone as a cancer treatment can selectively eliminate cancer cells by facilitating molecular mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy [ 4 - 6 ], or activate NK cells or DCs which in turn stimulates anti-cancer immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
We determined in six neuroblastoma cell lines the cytotoxicity of TPZ using DIMSCAN, a digital imaging fluorescence assay, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) by flow cytometry, and protein expression by immunoblotting. (aacrjournals.org)
46% of cells in p53-functional cell lines but failed to cause apoptosis in p53 nonfunctional cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus, TPZ cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines in hypoxia occurred via a p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway that caused induction of p53 and p21, ΔΨ m decrease, GSH depletion, and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Similar findings were made in bone marrow cells from gene-targeted mice lacking Bim and/or Puma infected with FLT3-ITD and treated with inhibitor, where loss of Puma only provided transient protection from apoptosis, but loss of Bim preserved clonal survival upon FLT3-ITD inhibition. (ashpublications.org)
Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)
Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Growth of cancer cells is regulated by the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is a normal physiological process serving to eliminate unwanted cells and maintain homeostasis in healthy tissue. (nutraculture.com)
Hence inducing apoptosis is a desired mode of treating cancer (Tansuwanwong et. (nutraculture.com)
Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ induces apoptosis in the existing and proliferating cancer cells and being a natural antioxidant, it also helps getting rid of any cancer promoting oxidative stress. (nutraculture.com)
It is established that Phycocyanin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Bcl-2 is an anti apoptotic protein, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax represents the degree of apoptosis) and the release of Cyt-c in the cytosol (Lu et. (nutraculture.com)
However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
Overexpression of the active form of this enzyme induces apoptosis in fibroblasts. (cancerindex.org)
Knockdown of CASP5 greatly inhibited GBM proliferation and resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest along with higher apoptosis ratios in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression led to the opposite phenomenon. (cancerindex.org)
Cellular apoptosis (ie, programmed cell death) is another potential mechanism of many antineoplastic agents. (medscape.com)
Instead, they release diffusable cytokines, which mediate the inflammatory reaction and resultant apoptosis of epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

Current treatments for gliomas use chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and surgery, but each of the treatment strategies has several serious side effects. (frontiersin.org)
A temperature range of 42°C to 45°C is used therapeutically as a single agent or as an adjuvant to radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy in the cancer treatment [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Hyperthermia acts as a sensitizer to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and thus, this has attracted interest in developing effective combination strategies that exploit using hyperthermia in combination with other therapies. (oncotarget.com)
As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. (nature.com)
Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited effect in RCC, and molecular biomarkers are more targetable to guide treatment decisions. (medsci.org)
Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not substantially improved the survival of patients over the last several years [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

During cellular starvation, AMPK induces autophagy by phosphorylating Ulk1, the mammalian counterpart of ATG1, at Ser 317 and 777 [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Frequently, low doses of natural chemical products activate an adaptive stress response, whereas high doses activate acute responses like autophagy and cell death. (hindawi.com)
Many roads lead to CASM: Diverse stimuli of noncanonical autophagy share a unifying molecular mechanism. (babraham.ac.uk)
Here, we review the diverse, and still expanding, collection of stimuli and processes now known to harness the noncanonical autophagy pathway, including engulfment processes, drug treatments, TRPML1 and STING signaling, viral infection, and other pathogenic factors. (babraham.ac.uk)
Out of the seven tested recombinant human RNases, we have identified two members, RNase3 and RNase6, which were highly effective against Mycobacterium aurum extra- and intracellularly and induced an autophagy process. (frontiersin.org)

The characterization of these non-donor restricted lymphocyte populations, which can be expanded in vitro, could provide a new approach to prepare cell-based immunotherapy tools. (bvsalud.org)
Importantly, improved intravesical bacterial immunotherapy using MBTVAC induced eradication of fully established bladder tumors, both as a monotherapy and specially in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor antiprogrammed cell death ligand 1 (anti PD-L1). (bvsalud.org)
The emergence of immunotherapy has recently disrupted the paradigm of traditional cancer treatment (including the three traditional treatments RT, chemotherapy, and surgery), and immunotherapy functions by activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. (nature.com)
Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
However, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which have produced unprecedented clinical benefits in a variety of different cancers, produce promising results in only some highly selected patients with PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)

Several downstream pathways that regulate cell-cycle progression, translation, initiation, transcriptional stress responses, protein stability, and survival of cells are signaling through mTOR. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The importance of these pathways in cancer prevention is illustrated by the fact that individuals who inherit mutations in any one of the many genes that participate in these stress-induced signal transduction pathways have a very high incidence of cancer. (the-scientist.com)
Although these cellular-suicide mechanisms may protect the organism in some physiologic settings, such as by preventing cancer, the double-edged sword is that these same DNA-damage response pathways that help prevent cancer can also contribute to debilitating disease processes. (the-scientist.com)
For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. (nature.com)
Some tumor cell-inherent resistance mechanisms, such as the tumor mutational burden and aberrant expression of oncogenic pathways, restrain antitumor immunity [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In conclusion, isoquinoline alkaloid is a new class of compound that induce autophagic cell death in drug-resistant fibroblasts or cancers by exhibiting its direct activation on AMPK. (oncotarget.com)
However, PDAC is characterized by an abundant tumor stroma that includes a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons and some molecular events. (biomedcentral.com)

mTORC2 is activated by growth factors, phosphorylates PKCα, AKT and paxillin, and regulates the activity of the small GTPase, Rac, and Rho related to cell survival, migration and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
Drug resistance hinder most cancer chemotherapies and leads to disease recurrence and poor survival of patients. (oncotarget.com)
RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the body, which is caused by the stepwise accumulation of mutations that affect cell growth control, differentiation and survival. (nutraculture.com)
Indeed, MSCs ex vivo pre-conditioning by hypoxia, inflammatory stimulus, or other factors/conditions may stimulate their survival, proliferation, migration, exosome secretion, and pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory characteristics in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
However, natural MSCs in vivo survival and their biological effects on tissue recovery decrease with long-term cultivation called aging and also injected cells demonstrate poor targeted migration [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Rather, p53 accumulation by either knockdown of Mdm2 or addition of an Mdm2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, before irradiation strongly attenuated the UV-induced DDR and increased cell survival. (rupress.org)
In patients with relapsing or unresponsive disease, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation significantly prolongs disease-free survival. (medscape.com)

For those who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens or experience progression of disease, in 2016-2017 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved five monoclonal antibodies that achieve immune checkpoint blockade by targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. (iospress.com)

However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor triggered by the accumulation of multiple gene mutations in oral epithelial cells. (techscience.com)
Studies have shown that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates tumor growth, and also induces mutations or produces cytotoxic effects concurrently. (medsci.org)

In the investigation of underlying mechanisms, we found knock down of HSPB1 further increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in hyperthermic treated melanoma cells when compared with either single agent alone, and both agents leaded to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M phases. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
Single-strand breaks are easily fixed, but double-strand breaks require the complex mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination, the latter only being useful in late S, G 2 or M phases of the cell cycle, when homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)
Here, we have determined the growth-inhibitory and proapototic mechanisms of 2 small molecule inhibitors of FLT3, AG1295 or PKC412, in hematopoietic progenitor cells, human leukemic cell lines, and primary AML cells expressing FLT3-ITD. (ashpublications.org)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
UV irradiation represents a major challenge to genomic integrity throughout the evolution of terrestrial organisms, resulting in the development of specific mechanisms that govern the cellular response to UV-induced DNA damage. (rupress.org)
Findings from the Cusack Laboratory have shown that conventional anti-cancer therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, induce resistance mechanisms under the control of the gene transcription factor NF-kappaB. (massgeneral.org)
Several studies have recently shown that features such as its high infectivity, slow growth, and complex cell-wall structure, make M. tuberculosis a major challenge to be faced, since the specific mechanisms that reinforce the high virulence of Mtb remain largely unknown ( 4 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

It was found that rapamycin inhibited cellular proliferation and cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
For example, neuronal cell death after stroke or in several neurodegenerative disorders likely occurs via programmed cell death responding to cellular stress signals. (the-scientist.com)
Although there is no particular quantitative assay to provide MSCs identification in mixed cells population [ 8 ], the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has provided minimum principles to determine MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)
Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ is a natural dietary supplement dedicated to assisting individuals who are undergoing cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiation. (nutraculture.com)

Targeting sphingolipid metabolism with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II overcomes hypoxia-induced chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma cells: effects on cell death, self-renewal, and invasion. (mpg.de)

Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
However, thermotolerance induced by thermosensitive genes such as the heat shock proteins can limit the efficacy of hyperthermic treatment. (oncotarget.com)
The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. (uni-ulm.de)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)

It exerts cytotoxic effect by inhibiting rapid proliferation of cancer cells. (medscape.com)

We concluded that hyperthermia combined with silencing of HSPB1 enhanced cell death and resulted in failure to thrive in melanoma cell lines, implying the potential clinical utility of hyperthermia in combination with HSPB1 inhibition in cancer treatment. (oncotarget.com)
The efficacy of SPNs in inducing cancer cell death by inhibition of kinase signaling and imaging the response was evaluated in murine BRAFV 600E melanoma (D4M) and triple-negative breast cancer (4T1) cell lines. (ntno.org)

rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)

Immunoprecipitation revealed that pulsatile shear stress induced the coupling of ubiquitin with PDCD4 expression. (plos.org)
Atherosclerosis plaques preferentially develop at arterial branches and curvatures under low and oscillatory or even static shear stress induced by disturbed blood flow as opposed to in straight parts, featuring protective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress [14] , [15] . (plos.org)
The higher (600 mg) dose ameliorated the stress induced by the test, and produced significantly improved self-ratings of calmness and alertness. (lifeextension.com)

Etoposide is an epipodophyllotoxin that induces DNA strand breaks by disrupting topoisomerase II activity. (medscape.com)

FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) closely related to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and c-Kit with important functions in the regulation of early hematopoietic cells. (ashpublications.org)

In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Bioreductive agents, such as Tirapazamine (TPZ), are preferentially cytotoxic in hypoxia and show activity against a variety of tumor cell lines ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Curcumin causes cell death and primarily initiates an autophagic step (mitophagy). (hindawi.com)

Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)

In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. (nature.com)
Is mitochondrial-driven inflammation during cell death driven by bacterial-like DAMPs? (nature.com)
The pathophysiology of erythema multiforme (EM) is still not completely understood, but it is probably immunologically mediated and appears to involve a hypersensitivity reaction that can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, particularly bacterial, viral, or chemical products. (medscape.com)

From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)

5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
FLT3-ITD expression causes malignant transformation and factor-independent growth when expressed in factor-dependent cell lines. (ashpublications.org)
Deshpande N, Ramesh A, Nandi D, Nguyen A, Brouillard A, Kulkarni A. Supramolecular Polysaccharide Nanotheranostics that Inhibit Cancer Cells Growth and Monitor Targeted Therapy Response. (ntno.org)
Cancer chemotherapy is based on an understanding of tumor cell growth and of how drugs affect this growth. (medscape.com)
After cells divide, they enter a period of growth (ie, phase G1), followed by DNA synthesis (ie, phase S). The next phase is a premitotic phase (ie, G2), then finally a mitotic cell division (ie, phase M). (medscape.com)
Podophyllotoxin derivative antineoplastic agents have cytotoxic effects on cell growth. (medscape.com)

We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
However, the action of PDCD4 in endothelial cells is unclear. (plos.org)
Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)
It may also invade and proliferate within heart and coronary artery endothelial cells, and, along with Streptococcus sanguis, it may also induce platelet aggregation associated with thrombus formation. (medscape.com)

In the current times where dissipated lifestyle and other counting factors such as dietary, physical, mental mismanagements, drug administration intoxicifications in the form of chemotherapies and chemical toxicities are adding up to the cumulative risk of cancer occurrence, consumption of Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ is essentially required. (nutraculture.com)
Because of their nonspecific action on cells, toxicities to normal cells are an issue. (medscape.com)

Several inhibitors have been described, such as AG1295, CEP701, PKC412, and SU-11 248, with cytotoxic effects to cell lines and primary AML cells in vitro expressing mutant FLT3. (ashpublications.org)
KEGG pathway term mTOR signaling pathway is observed to be meliorated in this tricluster and has been reported to be associated Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries with estrogen induced breast cancer cell. (ampk-signal.com)

The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)
Pterostilbene also has the effect of caloric restriction on cells which profoundly effects gene expression. (nootropicsexpert.com)

2 Cell-cycle arrest occurs at multiple stages: G 1 , S, and G 2 /M. (the-scientist.com)

Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)

Dr. Cusack wrote the first clinical trial of combination chemotherapy with the drug bortezomib for solid organ malignancies, reported in the journal Cancer . (massgeneral.org)

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune cells that dampen immune responses. (iospress.com)
The infiltration of multiple types of tumor-promoting immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune cells, mediates immune evasion and tumor progression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They also can inspire angiogenesis by direct differentiation, cell-to-cell interaction, or paracrine effects. (biomedcentral.com)

All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
This causes cell proliferation to arrest in the late S or early G2 portion of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

Surgery to the extent that this is feasible in terms of safety, followed by involved-field radiation therapy and concomitant and maintenance chemotherapy with temozolomide, has set the standard of care since 2005. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, diabetes induced by drugs and chemicals (such as steroids used in chemotherapy and organ transplant therapy). (sajbl.org.za)
In vitro imaging studies confirmed their enzyme-activatable therapy response tracking abilities both in cancer cells and tumor spheroids. (ntno.org)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)‐based therapy brings the reassuring capability to regenerative medicine through their self‐renewal and multilineage potency. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell therapy has been the subject of many studies for its potential to cure many disorders. (biomedcentral.com)

Puzzlingly, rapamycin can induce insulin sensitivity, but may also induce insulin resistance or glucose. (rapamycin.news)
Normally, the pancreas releases insulin, which is the hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar levels and incorporating glucose into the cell. (sajbl.org.za)
There are several types of diabetes that manifest when the pancreatic islets cannot secrete insulin (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and in advanced stages of Type 2 Diabetes), when the levels of the hormone are not sufficient or when glucose cannot enter the cell because insulin works improperly (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes and others). (sajbl.org.za)
It is an autoimmune disease that is produced by the destruction of pancreatic islet cells (responsible for producing insulin). (sajbl.org.za)
It is characterized by the progressive loss of insulin secretion by the cells of the pancreas. (sajbl.org.za)
Being overweight, obese, sedentary, and poor eating habits generate insulin resistance, preventing insulin from working properly, which means that glucose cannot enter the cell and remains circulating in the blood. (sajbl.org.za)
This hyperglycemia in turn generates a new stimulus to the pancreas that makes it secrete more insulin than necessary, so that over time the pancreatic reserves of insulin are depleted. (sajbl.org.za)

Dr. Cusack organized the Mass General Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Program in 2011 and treated his first patient with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in October 2011. (massgeneral.org)

The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction cascade present in almost all tissues and is required for embryonic and postnatal development, as well as for stem cell maintenance, but it is also implicated in tumorigenesis including pancreatic cancer and leukemia. (uni-ulm.de)
We examined the expression level of lncRNA CASP5 in GBM tissues as well as GBM cell lines. (cancerindex.org)
We observed that lncRNA CASP5 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cell lines. (cancerindex.org)
Polymer drug conjugates, nano-based drug delivery systems can be utilized to protect normal body tissues from the adverse side effects of anticancer drugs and also to overcome drug resistance. (mdpi.com)

BCG-activated Î³Î´ T-cells proliferated strongly in response to minimal doses of cytokines and had anti-tumor functions, although not fully based on degranulation. (bvsalud.org)
Most dramatically, lemon balm extracts induced sleep in mice that had been given tiny (non-sleep-inducing) doses of traditional sedative medications. (lifeextension.com)
At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. (hindawi.com)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
They had a high IFNÎ³ secretion signature with expression of CD27+ and formed conjugates with bladder cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
16: 5437-5449, Development of AE147 Peptide-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Targeting uPAR-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. (bioimagingsystem.com)
Phycocyanin lowers the amount of cyclooxygenase-2 which is up regulated in cancer cells. (nutraculture.com)
This lack of efficacy may be because existing immunotherapies mainly target the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevention and elimination of cancer cells are dependent on the host's immune system. (biomedcentral.com)

Mitochondria, with rare exceptions, are found in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)

However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
Mtb is an intracellular pathogen able to survive indefinitely under unfavorable conditions inside primary host immune cells, preferably residing in human alveolar macrophages ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Immune cells engage in extensive and dynamic crosstalk with stromal components in the tumor tissue in addition to tumor cells, which subsequently impacts tumor suppression or promotion to a large extent. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, exploration of the interactions between the stroma and immune cells may offer new therapeutic opportunities for PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we discuss how infiltrating immune cells influence PDAC development and explore the contributions of complex components to the immune landscape of tumor tissue. (biomedcentral.com)

This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)

Some agents are specific to phases of the cell cycle, whereas others (eg, alkylating agents, anthracyclines, cisplatin) are not. (medscape.com)
It inhibits cell replication in all phases of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

Mechanistically, IV BCG induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses, which were dependent on type 1 conventional dendritic cells, as well as NK cell-mediated immunity. (bvsalud.org)
MTBVAC enhanced both tumor antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, in a process dependent on stimulation of type 1 conventional dendritic cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the best option for decades, but only 50% of patients benefit in the form of objective responses, and just 13-25% experience a complete response [ 1 ]. (iospress.com)

Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
The fear is that negative consequences could occur, including increased cell proliferation, new tumors or regrowth of existing tumors. (rapamycin.news)
Cell-division rates vary for different tumors. (medscape.com)

Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)

After that, Kaplan firstly proposes the term "mesenchymal stem cells," which are cells isolated from fully developed bone marrow (BM) that can usually differentiate into several types of mesenchymal origin cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Extracellular vesicles transfer chromatin-like structures that induce non-mutational dysfunction of p53 in bone marrow stem cells. (mpg.de)

Unlike most other cancers, where metastases from the site of origin is the main cause of death, GBM very rarely metastasizes outside the neuraxis. (frontiersin.org)
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, causing over 140,000 deaths worldwide each year[ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and is one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

As well as the enzyme complexes directly responsible for LC3 lipidation in all contexts, we show the RALGAP complex is important for M2-induced, but not ionophore drug-induced, LC3 lipidation. (babraham.ac.uk)

Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among the malignant RCCs, accounting for 70-80%, followed by papillary (15%), chromophobe (4-5%), and other fewer subtypes[ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Although the intended target is the malignant cells of Hodgkin lymphoma, the effects of chemotherapy on normal cells of the body are considerable and account for the adverse effects observed with these agents. (medscape.com)
This difference allows normal cells to recover more quickly than malignant ones after chemotherapy and is the rationale behind current cyclic dosage schedules. (medscape.com)

RBPJL is specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas, whereas it is mostly undetectable in pancreatic tumour cell lines. (uni-ulm.de)

The pH range of fluids in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract may provide environmental stimuli for responsive drug release. (scialert.net)
Triple-target stimuli-responsive anti-COVID-19 face mask with physiological virus-inactivating agents. (mpg.de)

A high peak concentration may affect neurons, protected by the blood brain barrier, and stem cells in their niches. (rapamycin.news)
Various drug combinations have been used with stem-cell rescue. (medscape.com)

Cancer is a chronic disease that is responsible for the high death rate, globally. (mdpi.com)
Across the lifespan, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have higher rates of chronic disease, injury, and premature death than some racial/ethnic groups in the United States (1,2). (cdc.gov)

What physiological functions has mitochondrial inflammation during cell death? (nature.com)

In contrast, p53 was not required for UV-induced DDR. (rupress.org)

Abstract Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide. (techscience.com)

Cell-mediated immunity appears to be responsible for the destruction of epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

The directed expression of Buffy in DA neurons provides protection and counteracts the alpha-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease-like phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
In appendix, there is corroboration that DRG-infiltrating unaffected cells present to unbidden activity of injured neurons. (daubnet.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms5

Diseases46

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment59

Psychiatry and Psychology19

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care20

Apoptosis35

Radiotherapy6

Autophagy5

Immunotherapy6

Pathways8

Fibroblasts2

Survival12

Ligand1

Mutations3

Mechanisms9

Cellular7

Therapies2

Glioblastoma1

Genes4

Cytotoxic effect1

Inhibition2

Apoptotic2

Stress-induced3

Etoposide1

Tyrosine1

Hypoxia2

Autophagic1

MRNA1

Bacterial3

Inflammatory1

Growth6

Endothelial cells5

Toxicities2

Inhibitors2

Gene2

Cycle arrest1

Processes1

Malignancies1

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells2

Differentiation1

Arrest2

Therapy5

Insulin7

Hyperthermic1

Tissues4

Doses3

Cancer cells9

Eukaryotic cells1

Immune cells6

Glucose1

Phases of the cell cycle2

Responses3

Tumors4

Progression1

Bone marrow2

Cancers4

Enzyme1

Malignant3

Pancreas1

Responsive2

Stem2

Chronic2

Physiological1

Contrast1

Premature death1

Epithelial cells1

Neurons2