Induced cell death pathway e2f1 to induce. Medical search. Frequent questions

Apigenin Restrains Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation via Targeted Blocking of Pyruvate Kinase M2-Dependent Glycolysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Blocking lactate generation in metformin-treated melanoma cells results in diminished cell proliferation and tumor progression in mice. (dcaguide.org)
Overall, our study suggests that LDH and complex I play distinct roles in regulating glycolysis and cell proliferation. (dcaguide.org)
Most of the reports suggest that complex I activity is suppressed in cancer cells and its inhibition promotes proliferation and metastasis [ 16 - 18 ] . (dcaguide.org)
Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
AKAP12 knockdown in benign meningioma cells SF4433 increases proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and confers an anaplastic profile. (nature.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known as an anticancer drug that acts in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle to arrest cell proliferation and induce cellular senescence (see the upper left figure). (dojindo.com)
It was discovered when pulmonary fibroblasts slowed down their proliferation and eventually ended in cell death after cell passaging had been performed for more than 8 months. (dojindo.com)
The present study revealed that E2F1 gene expression correlates with TS and Survivin gene expressions and tumor proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
During the progression of NSCLC, E2F1 overexpression could produce more aggressive tumors with a high proliferation rate and chemoresistance. (aacrjournals.org)
Excess HER2 signaling leads to numerous oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to their deregulated proliferation, HER2 overexpressing cells exhibit altered survival signals. (biomedcentral.com)
At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)
As a result, changes in SA-ß-Gal expression, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. (dojindo.com)
Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)
Cyclin D1, a member of the G1 cyclins, plays an important role in the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle in proliferating cells via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, or CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of the Ras-MAPK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways both culminate in activation of transcriptional programs, as well as cyclin dependant kinases, that lead to progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Current evidence indicates that, through either of these pathways, HER2 signaling can regulate c-Myc, a multifunctional transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression (see [ 4 ] and references therein). (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibition through the cell cycle is maintained by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) of the Ink and Cip/Kip families which inhibit the cyclin/CDK complex. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, inhibition of either LDH or complex I alone does not induce apoptosis, whereas inhibiting both together causes depletion in cellular ATP pool resulting in metabolic catastrophe induced apoptosis. (dcaguide.org)
Altered metabolism of cancer cell can be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction which involves inhibition of OXPHOS, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting uncontrolled growth, that in turn further supports the development of a metastatic phenotype [ 13 , 14 ]. (dcaguide.org)
We recently reported that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) slows DNA replication and induces replication stress by downregulating the regulatory subunit RRM2 of ribonucleotide reductase, perturbing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) supply. (nature.com)
Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. (nature.com)
Similar phenotypes were induced by IGF:WEE1 co-inhibition, also via exacerbation of RRM2 downregulation. (nature.com)
This review focuses on an up-to-date understanding of the functions of E3 ligases in cancers and debates the perspectives of cancer cells that rely on inhibition or activation of ubiquitylation of target proteins. (bmbreports.org)
We show for the first time that proadifen is able to enhance the cytotoxic properties of MTX in cBCRP cells, particularly through the inhibition of BCRP expression and activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, the inhibition of DNA damage repair proteins Ku86 and B23 after proadifen treatment indicate a possible role of proadifen in DNA repair blockage, thus suppressing the reparation rate of MTX-induced DSBs. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, we revealed the ability of proadifen to increase the intracellular hypericin content in HT-29 cells most likely via the inhibition of BCRP and MRP1 transporters ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)

Unlike most cell types however, neurons are generally considered incapable of proliferating once they are differentiated, as they are in the adult nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Nevertheless, it remains plausible that neurons may re-enter the cell cycle under certain circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
Sympathetic and cortical neurons, for example, try to reactivate the cell cycle when subjected to acute insults such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
It is believed that neurons are permanently blocked from the cell cycle once they differentiate. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, neurons are typically found outside of the cell cycle in a G0 state. (wikipedia.org)
In cerebellar granule cells and cortical neurons, E2F1 can trigger neuronal apoptosis through activation of Bax/caspase-3 and the induction of the Cdk1/FOXO1/Bad pathway (Giovanni et al. (wikipedia.org)
2000). The downregulation of p130/E2F4 (a complex which has been shown to maintain the post mitotic nature of neurons) induces neuronal apoptosis by upregulating B-myb and C-myb (Liu et al. (wikipedia.org)
However, this is not always the case as exhibited by sensory and sympathetic neurons, which are able to replicate their DNA without neuronal death (Smith et al. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we evaluated the role of the intrinsic pathway in neuronal apoptosis at different stages of rat brain development and during maturation of primary cortical neurons in vivo as well as in response to brain injury. (jneurosci.org)
The present results suggest that the expression of cell cycle-related markers may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)
The apoptotic death of neurons in these layers is indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling. (parp1inhibitor.com)

Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
To explore whether apoptotic cells could communicate with other cells, Pérez-Garijo et al. (elifesciences.org)
found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
In our previous study, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of proadifen in the HT-29 cancer cell line ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We examined not just the effect of proadifen and MTX on the expression of BCRP, but we were also interested in other molecular mechanisms involved in the possible antitumour activity of proadifen alone and in combination with MTX, such as the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, proteins involved in the regulation of BCRP and proteins involved in the reparation of chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
0.0001), although no correlation was observed between E2F1 gene expression and the apoptotic index. (aacrjournals.org)
Anti-apoptotic signals induced downstream of HER2 are known to contribute to the resistance to current treatments of breast cancer cells that overexpress this member of the EGFR family. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this, we investigated what role anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, key regulators of cancer cell survival, might play in the viability of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We used cell lines as an in vitro model of HER2-overexpressing cells in order to evaluate how anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, and pro-apoptotic Puma and Bim impact on their survival, and to investigate how the constitutive expression of these proteins is regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, anti-apoptotic signals associated with alterations of the downstream Ras-MAPK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways contribute to chemo- and radioresistance. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies have provided evidence that neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis induced by traumatic or ischemic injury decreases during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
We identified Eiger, the Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF) homolog, as the signal responsible for apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AiA). (elifesciences.org)

The function of differentially expressed E2Fs and their neighboring genes were mainly linked to P53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, and oocyte meiosis. (fortunepublish.com)
E2Fs, a set of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) in most higher eukaryotes, are generally divided into the following three subfamilies: transcriptional activator E2Fs (E2F1-E2F3), repressor E2Fs (E2F4-E2F5), and inhibitor E2Fs (E2F6-E2F8) [14,15]. (fortunepublish.com)
We investigated the clinical significance of E2F1 gene expression in relation to its target genes, thymidylate synthase ( TS ) and Survivin , in case of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (aacrjournals.org)
regulators of the rat and human 5-HT1A receptor genes using luciferase reporter fusion constructs transfected in cell lines. (vdocuments.net)

Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
CVD prevalence continues to increase as human life expectancy also continues to rise, likely due to greater exposure to the traditional external risk factors and intrinsic pathways of aging [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)

It has been reported that melanoma cells, owing to the BRAF mutation, depend majorly on glycolysis for ATP generation, and exhibit dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation [6, 7 ] . (dcaguide.org)
Conversely, it has also been reported that melanoma cells display increased OXPHOS function which causes drug resistance [ 19 - 21 ] . (dcaguide.org)
Owing to the metabolic flexibility in choosing various metabolic pathways, particularly glutamine metabolism [22] , melanoma cells can escape from perturbation of a molecule in a metabolic pathway [23] . (dcaguide.org)

The major signaling pathways activated by HER2 include the RAS-Raf1-Mek-Erk and the PI3K-Akt pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

The Neuronal cell cycle represents the life cycle of the biological cell, its creation, reproduction and eventual death. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of these core cell cycle factors can be explained through their role in neuronal migration, maturation, and synaptic plasticity (Christopher L. Frank1 and Li-Huei Tsai1, 2009). (wikipedia.org)
Introduction The intraocular stress induced retinal ischemia reperfusion model is actually a handy device for studying the neuronal response to a transient ischemic damage. (parp1inhibitor.com)
IR causes reduction of neuronal cells indicated by decreased thicknesses of ret inal layers, together with the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer and inner plexiform layer. (parp1inhibitor.com)

Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cancer cells have metabolic flexibility in choosing either oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis for ATP generation depending upon the nutrient availability in tumor microenvironment. (dcaguide.org)

Mino inhibits retinal neurodegeneration in quite a few designs of retinopathies, including light induced injury, axotomy, experimental glaucoma, photoreceptor degeneration, dia betic retinopathy, and IR damage. (parp1inhibitor.com)

Exogenous RRM2 expression rescued hallmarks of replication stress induced by co-inhibiting IGF with CHK1 or WEE1, identifying RRM2 as a critical target of the functional IGF:CHK1 and IGF:WEE1 interactions. (nature.com)

First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
We show that the depletion of Mcl-1 is sufficient to induce apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Irreversible cell cycle arrest is one of the phenomena that characterize cellular senescence. (dojindo.com)
Cellular senescence is controlled by various factors such as cell type and physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
Research into apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence is very important for understanding the intracellular functions that control cell survival and death. (dojindo.com)
Recently, various fields have given particular attention to cellular senescence due to the recent discoveries of SASP (a known cancer-causing factor) and senescence-related phenomena in stem cell research. (dojindo.com)

If the criteria are not met, the cell will arrest in the phase prior to the checkpoint until the criteria are met. (wikipedia.org)

Multidrug resistance caused by the overexpression of ABC transporter proteins in cancer cells remains a major obstacle limiting chemotherapy efficacy. (spandidos-publications.com)

Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
HeLa cells undergo caspase mediated apoptosis exclusively following cytokinesis failure Apoptosis is characterized by activation of the caspase dependent pathway. (parp1inhibitor.com)

Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Nevertheless, tumors depend on residual DNA repair abilities to survive the DNA damage induced by genotoxic stress. (bmbreports.org)
The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high- E2F1 tumors than in those with low- E2F1 tumors ( P = 0.0027), especially among patients with stage II to III NSCLCs ( P = 0.0188). (aacrjournals.org)
This work establishes that, in HER2-overexpressing tumors, it is necessary, and maybe sufficient, to therapeutically impact on the Mcl-1/Bim balance for efficient induction of cancer cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, survival analysis revealed that SKCM patients with low transcriptional levels of E2F1/2/3/6 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. (fortunepublish.com)
Moreover, immune infiltrations analysis showed that transcriptional levels and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) in E2F family were significantly correlated with several immune cell recruitments, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (fortunepublish.com)

It was previously reported that proadifen (SKF-525A), a well-known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, not only has anti-proliferative potential in some cancer cell lines, but it is also able to inhibit BCRP and MRP1 transporter proteins ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, long-term depression (LTD) induced either by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonist or by paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) was impaired in CDK4 inhibitor pretreated slices both from neonatal and adolescent animals. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2018, it occurred in 1.2 million men and caused 359,000 deaths. (owiki.org)

During G1, cyclin D is synthesized and binds to Cdk4/6, which in turn phosphorylates retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and induces the release of the transcription factor E2F1 which is necessary for DNA replication (Liu et al. (wikipedia.org)

The cell cycle uses these CDKs and CKIs to regulate the cell cycle through checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)

Differentially regulated pathways were characteristic of high-grade meningiomas. (nature.com)

Finally, we showed that ssDNA lesions are converted to toxic DSBs in cells lacking functional ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), likely due to failure to form 53BP1 bodies and/or a role for ATM in SSB repair or fork protection [ 14 ]. (nature.com)

created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. (frontiersin.org)
The TME consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, along with soluble factors and signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)

This activates a large repertoire of transforming signaling molecules and pathways that are, to a great extent, shared by HER members. (biomedcentral.com)

Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was done to evaluate the gene expression of E2F1, TS , and Survivin . (aacrjournals.org)

Once these cells are formed they enter G1, the phase in which many of the proteins needed to replicate DNA are made. (wikipedia.org)
After S, the cell will enter G2 where the proteins required for mitosis to occur are synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Transitions through the cell cycle from one phase to the next are regulated by cyclins binding their respective cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) which then activate the kinases (Fisher, 2012). (wikipedia.org)
2007). The Cip/Kip families (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2) also bind to cyclin/CDK complexes and prohibit advancement through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The criteria for the checkpoints are met through a combination of activating and inhibiting cyclin/CDK complexes as the result of different signaling pathways (Besson et al. (wikipedia.org)
1998). The process by which the cell re-enters the cell cycle and dies is called "abortive cell cycle re-entry" and is characterized by the upregulation of cyclin D-cdk4/6 and downregulation of E2F, followed by cell death (Frade and Ovejero-Benito, 2015). (wikipedia.org)

These effects resulted in significant accumulation of unreplicated single-stranded DNA and increased cell death, indicative of replication catastrophe. (nature.com)

Several compounds have been shown to inhibit the efflux activity of ABC transporters, thereby increasing intracellular drug accumulation and sensitising cancer cells to therapy. (spandidos-publications.com)

This process is referred to as "abortive cell cycle re-entry" because the cells usually die in the G1/S checkpoint before DNA has been replicated. (wikipedia.org)
These checkpoints ensure that the cell has completed all of the tasks of the current phase before they can gain entry into the next phase of the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is also possible that, under certain conditions, these factors can induce cell cycle re-entry. (wikipedia.org)
DNA DSB repair signaling contributes to general mechanism for various types of lesions in diverse cell cycle phases. (bmbreports.org)
However, the expression of cell cycle markers in the postnatal or adult brain is still a matter of controversial debate. (biomedcentral.com)
As an outcome of the two-part signalling and/or cell-cycle control. (who.int)

Whether or not some of these signals are also involved in tumor maintenance by counteracting constitutive death signals is much less understood. (biomedcentral.com)

One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)

Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)

Cell Reports, 2023. (dojindo.com)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
This innovative approach enhances the patient's immune system to target and eliminate tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The figure on the left shows the results of an experiment in which DOX was added to A549 cells. (dojindo.com)
This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. (frontiersin.org)
Related results had been obtained in asynchronous cells indicating no result of the synchroni zation agent. (parp1inhibitor.com)
The results demonstrate that MiTMAB induced apoptosis occurs largely following cytokinesis failure. (parp1inhibitor.com)

Defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair signaling permit cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that confer their aggressive phenotype. (bmbreports.org)

We observed a statistically significant increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in E2F1/3/5/7 compared with matched normal tissues. (fortunepublish.com)
BCRP expression was detected in several different solid tumours ( 1 - 5 ), as well as in malignant hematopoietic and lymphoid cells ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Immunohistochemistry was done to investigate the protein expression of E2F1, TS, and Survivin. (aacrjournals.org)

These checkpoints act as molecular brakes on immune cells, preventing excessive activation and potential damage to healthy tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)

Because MTX is a preferential and strong substrate of BCRP, MTX-sensitive HL-60 cell line and an MTX-resistant ABCG2-overexpressing subclone (here referred to as cBCRP) were chosen as the experimental models. (spandidos-publications.com)
ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)

As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
The functional regulation of cells is a complex and dynamic process. (nature.com)

Scientists have discovered that, in the absence of resident stem cells, senescent cells can instruct neighboring somatic cells to reprogram. (dojindo.com)
None of the individual biomarkers that have been identified so far have been deemed to be specific to senescent cells. (dojindo.com)
The development of drugs that eliminate senescent cells in the body (senolytic drugs) is also attracting the attention of researchers as a possible strategy to extend healthy life expectancy. (dojindo.com)
Nevertheless, strong correlations have been found between heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, fibrosis, and regeneration efficiency with senescent cell burden and its proinflammatory sequelae. (oaepublish.com)

Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)

This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms13

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Proliferation17

Progression8

Inhibition11

Neurons11

Apoptotic18

Apoptosis induced2

Genes4

Intrinsic2

Melanoma cells3

PI3K-AKT1

Neuronal4

Metabolic2

Inhibits1

Stress induced1

Depletion2

Senescence4

Arrest1

Overexpression1

Caspase2

Differentiation3

Tumors3

Transcriptional2

Inhibitor2

20181

Retinoblastoma1

Regulate2

Differentially1

DSBs1

Cellular3

Signaling molecules1

Transcription1

Proteins3

Cyclin4

Catastrophe1

Inhibit1

Cycle6

Signals1

Ionizing radiation1

Trigger1

20231

Tumor cells2

Results4

Double-strand1

Expression3

Activation1

Vitro2

Experimental2

Regulation2

Senescent4

Factors1

Occurs1