• Along with other BMPs, including BMP-2, -4 and -7, which are well known as potent osteoinductive growth factors, GDF-5 plays important roles in the development of bones, cartilage and tendons, as evidenced by the tendency for the gene and protein expression levels of GDF-5 to increase over time in these tissues. (ispub.com)
  • Families of molecules such as those of Wnt, Hh (hedgehog), FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factor) and BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Protein, of TGFßs - Transforming Growth Factor family) have been identified, in different proportions and sites, with tissue-specific and stage-specific functions 1-2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • So we're going to go through its inflammatory modulating effects of what's called BMPs, which I'm going to refer to pretty frequently throughout the presentation, that's called bone morphogenetic proteins. (chiroeco.com)
  • I will go through these BMPs and their stem cell signaling pathway, and then we're going to talk about just principles of bone and cartilage. (chiroeco.com)
  • Blocking of BMPs in animal cap explants causes the formation of anterior neural tissues as a default fate. (molcells.org)
  • Importantly, TGF- includes a profibrotic effect and induces epithelialCmesenchymal transition, while several BMPs display the contrary effect. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which includes the families of TGF-βs, BMPs, activins and inhibins. (ijbs.com)
  • BMPs were originally identified because of their ability to induce endochondral bone formation and are important regulators of key events in the process of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodelling and regeneration of the skeleton [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Comparisons with other BMPs known for their ability to stimulate bone growth have suggested that BMP-13 is not strongly osteo-inductive [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The function of BMPs in bone remodelling and fracture repair is associated with the recruitment of stem cells from surrounding tissues and with effects on the osteogenic lineage commitment of these cells. (ijbs.com)
  • This activity showed characteristics of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • and bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs) that stimulate tumor growth and bone destruction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are increasingly used clinically to promote bone repair. (jcda.ca)
  • It may be feasible in the near future for BMPs to replace autologous and allogenic bone grafts. (allenpress.com)
  • BMPs comprise the largest subfamily of TGF-beta and belong to a group of noncollagen proteins. (allenpress.com)
  • The BMPs are widely distributed in mineralized and nonmineralized tissues and play an important role during embryogenesis. (allenpress.com)
  • The analysis identified genes whose expression changed dramatically during the differentiation program, including multiple genes functionally related to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (heightquest.com)
  • Our findings suggest a BMP signaling gradient across the growth plate, which is established by differential expression of multiple BMPs and BMP inhibitors in specific zones. (heightquest.com)
  • Among them, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are thought to be the most potent osteoinductive factors and play a key role in the process of bone formation during DO. (hindawi.com)
  • Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) are a subfamily of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that have functions predominantly in development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is expressed in dental pulp tissues. (ispub.com)
  • Nevertheless, the effect of GDF-5 on odontoblast differentiation from dental pulp tissues remains unknown. (ispub.com)
  • In this study, we assayed the effect of exogenous mouse recombinant GDF-5 on cell proliferation of dental pulp cells and determined the expression levels of odontoblast differentiation marker genes in the cells of isolated mouse dental pulp tissues in the presence of GDF-5. (ispub.com)
  • These results indicate that, although GDF-5 may have no effect on cell proliferation in isolated dental pulp tissue, it could promote odontoblast differentiation. (ispub.com)
  • Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is a subgroup of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily. (ispub.com)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of GDF-5 on the proliferation of dental pulp cells and their differentiation into odontoblasts by assaying the expression levels of odontoblast marker genes. (ispub.com)
  • We subsequently discuss how β-TCP can regulate osteogenic processes to aid bone repair/healing, namely osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, formation of blood vessels, release of angiogenic growth factors, and blood clot formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has also been used to inhibit SMAD (homologues of the Drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic), in order to prevent non neuronal differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 co-operate to regulate granulosa cell function in ruminants. (wikigenes.org)
  • The expression of osteogenesis-related gene was increased, which demonstrated that released BMP-2 could effectively induce the cell sheet osteogenic differentiation in vitro. (dovepress.com)
  • In this study, we found that BMP-13 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) in vitro. (ijbs.com)
  • In conclusion, BMP-13 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, implying that functional mutations or deficiency of BMP-13 may allow excess bone formation. (ijbs.com)
  • BMP-13, also known as growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) and cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2), was first identified and isolated as a component of bovine cartilage [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The cartilage-specific localization pattern of these novel TGF-β superfamily members, which contrasts with the more ubiquitous presence of other BMP family members, suggests a potential role for these proteins in chondrocyte differentiation and growth of long bones. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BMPR1A and BMPR1B are vital for osteoblast differentiation and chondrogenesis impacting bone remodeling. (news-medical.net)
  • Prior studies of acute phosphate restriction during the endochondral phase of fracture healing showed delayed chondrocyte differentiation was mechanistically linked to decreased bone morphogenetic protein signaling. (researchgate.net)
  • They are responsible for several biological activities involving tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, healing, and cell differentiation processes. (allenpress.com)
  • UBC9 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9), the only known E2 sumoylation enzyme in cells, negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation induced by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), partially via sumoylation of SMAD48. (rue2011.com)
  • Results GA obstructed mBMSC osteogenic differentiation To explore the gross aftereffect of the sumoylation pathway in osteogenic differentiation, we decided primary mouse bone tissue marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) as an experimental model, because they're differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes26 readily. (rue2011.com)
  • Specifically, the employment of BC-Ppy compositesdrives partial H9c2 differentiation toward a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype.The scaffolds increase the expression of functional cardiac markersin H9c2 cells, indicative of a higher differentiation efficiency,which is not observed with plain BC. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture can promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • PLATMC-HPLG constructs with 2D or 3D BMSC were assessed for osteogenic differentiation based on gene expression and in vitro mineralization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF 9). (wikidoc.org)
  • In the lower RZ, greater BMP signaling may help induce differentiation to proliferative chondrocytes. (heightquest.com)
  • Farther down the growth plate, even greater BMP signaling may help induce hypertrophic differentiation. (heightquest.com)
  • In contrast, BMP-7, previously shown to inhibit growth plate chondrocyte differentiation in cultured fetal metatarsal bones, was found to be expressed at the highest levels in PZ. (heightquest.com)
  • In the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, ERK1/2 promotes adipocyte differentiation by promoting the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. (cusabio.com)
  • JNK can change the mRNA level of osteocalcin , so the activation of JNK can induce osteoblast differentiation. (cusabio.com)
  • Inhibition of the p38 MARK pathway down-regulates the activity of protein kinase C ( PKC ), which plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Among them, Runx2 is a key target gene affecting osteogenic activity, and Cbfa1 regulates the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts at the transcriptional level. (cusabio.com)
  • The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
  • To address this question we first developed human oligonucleotide microarrays with 30.000 elements and then performed large-scale expression profiling of long-term expanded MSC and MSC during differentiation into osteoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results showed that MSC did not alter their osteogenic differentiation capacity, surface marker profile, and the expression profiles of MSC during expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microarray analysis of MSC during osteogenic differentiation identified three candidate genes for further examination and functional analysis: ID4, CRYAB, and SORT1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally we analyzed the gene expression profiles of MSC during osteogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and the mRNA expression levels of ALP, OCN, COL, and Runx2 were detected by qPCR. (hindawi.com)
  • Notably, it promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, mechanical stretch may induce the differentiation of BMSCs into mature osteoblasts and enhance the deposition of the bone matrix [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To evaluate the effects of applied cytomechanical forces towards cellular differentiation distinct parameters were measured (morphology, antigen and antigen expression) after a total cultivation period of 21 days in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of their capacity for ex vivo proliferation and differentiation they provide a good source of osteoprogenitor cells within custom-shaped scaffolds for implantable autologous bone tissue thus allowing the generation of a large transplantable cell population from a small biopsy [ 5 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the quantification of cellular differentiation at the molecular level, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is controlled by the interaction of hormones and transcription factors: runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) effectuates the expression of bone-specific genes, e.g. osterix (OSX), collagen type 1 alpha-1 (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OC), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) by binding to the promoters of these genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), COL1A1, BSP, RUNX2, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1), osteonectin (ON), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) are known to be early markers of osteoblastic differentiation, whereas OC and osteopontin (OPN) are expressed later in the differentiation process [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ALP staining and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yet it remains poorly understood how these factors can induce the various types of cells in the dental pulp to engage in a harmonized and coordinated process of dentin regeneration. (ispub.com)
  • These findings are expected to improve our knowledge of the role of GDF-5 in dental tissue development and to provide information that may be useful in the application of GDF-5 as a molecular manipulator in dental tissue regeneration. (ispub.com)
  • Today's webinar, "Breakthrough in Stem Cell Activation: The First Oral Protein Complex for Tissue Regeneration. (chiroeco.com)
  • Dr. Patterson, thank you for taking the time to participate in our webinar, and for sharing your expertise in stem cells, and helping our audience get a better understanding of stem cells and tissue regeneration. (chiroeco.com)
  • By way of this review, a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of β-TCP for bone repair will be achieved which will aid in the optimization of strategies to promote bone repair and regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consequently, enhancing the adhesion of MSCs, augmenting the release of growth factors, and promoting angiogenic potential of biomaterial scaffolds after implantation are pivotal for successful bone regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regeneration of large bone defects is a common clinical problem. (dovepress.com)
  • Our results suggested that PEI-al nanocomposites efficiently deliver the BMP-2 gene to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and that BMP-2 gene-engineered cell sheet is an effective way for promoting bone regeneration. (dovepress.com)
  • Regeneration of bone remains an important clinical challenge because the regeneration potential of human bone appears to be limited. (dovepress.com)
  • The expression of Prx1 has been used as a marker to define the skeletal stem cells (SSCs) populations found within the bone marrow and periosteum that contribute to bone regeneration. (researchgate.net)
  • They have become a likely treatment option, given their action on regeneration and remodeling of bone lesions and increasing the bone response around alloplastic materials. (allenpress.com)
  • The application of specific growth factors for osteoinduction without using a bone graft constitutes a real impact on bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
  • In this review, we will highlight the role of the BMP in bone, periodontal and dental regeneration. (allenpress.com)
  • Grafting with autogenous bone, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis, and tissue engineering have been developed to perform intraoral bone augmentation in dentistry. (allenpress.com)
  • A variety of growth factors (GFs)-including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and peptides of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-have been tested for local bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
  • She was awarded with a postdoc fellow from the Ministry of Science at the Technical University of Catalonia in Biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration and since 2010 has been professor at this university. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • It plays a dominant role in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning, organogenesis, limb bud formation, and bone formation and regeneration (1, 2). (novusbio.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the potential of human BMSC cultured as 2D monolayers or 3D spheroids encapsulated in constructs of 3D-printed poly-L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate scaffolds and modified human platelet lysate hydrogels (PLATMC-HPLG) for bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone regeneration was assessed via in vivo computed tomography (CT), ex vivo micro-CT and histology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her research group is particularly interested in developing biomaterials and cell-based therapeutics to improve regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels etc. (stanford.edu)
  • GDF11 controls anterior-posterior patterning by regulating the expression of Hox genes, and regulates the number of olfactory receptor neurons occurring in the olfactory epithelium, and numbers of retinal ganglionic cells developing in the retina. (wikipedia.org)
  • LDN193189 hydrochloride has been used as an ALK2/3 (type I receptor serine-threonine kinases) inhibitor, to study the effect of TGFβ1/2/3 (tumor growth factor β) and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling on spinal cord development in zebrafish. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor ( BMPR ) family includes transmembrane receptors that play vital roles in tissue development and cellular signaling. (news-medical.net)
  • BMPR family of proteins is a valuable tool for studying ligand-receptor interactions, downstream signaling events, and determining therapeutic targets. (news-medical.net)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II or BMPR2 is a serine/threonine receptor kinase . (wikidoc.org)
  • [3] However, BMPR2 can't bind BMP15 and GDF9 without the assistance of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) and transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) respectively. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human apelin was identified and isolated in 1998 as an endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ and was named the APJ endogenous ligand. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The main process of this pathway: the growth factor activates the receptor by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor, and the activated tyrosine kinase receptor activates the Ras protein, then the Ras protein phosphorylates the Raf, and the activated Raf phosphorylates the downstream MEK. (cusabio.com)
  • Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production in bone marrow via binding to the cell-surface receptor on hematopoietic progenitor cells, and it has been widely used for treating anemia [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • SD-208, a TGF-β receptor 1 specific inhibitor, blocks this TGF-β induced biology. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Two novel members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily were identified and designated cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP-1) and -2 (CDMP-2). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Unexpectedly, our findings demonstrated that KEL RBCs actually possess the ability to induce antibody formation independent of CD4+ T cells or complement component 3 (C3), two common regulators of antibody formation. (jci.org)
  • Measured by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cells. (novusbio.com)
  • The odontoblasts are differentiated from the dental papilla, which remains a soft connective tissue in the tooth interior also known as the dental pulp, even after development is complete. (ispub.com)
  • Prior to joining Surrey, her research centred around pulmonary hypertension and connective tissue diseases. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Human decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan of 90-140 kDa that is associated with collagen fibrils in all connective tissue. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A tendon or sinew is a tough band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone . (handwiki.org)
  • A tendon is made of dense regular connective tissue , whose main cellular components are special fibroblasts called tendon cells (tenocytes). (handwiki.org)
  • Each fascicle is bound by an endotendineum, which is a delicate loose connective tissue containing thin collagen fibrils [1] [2] and elastic fibers. (handwiki.org)
  • [3] A set of fascicles is bound by an epitenon, which is a sheath of dense irregular connective tissue . (handwiki.org)
  • The collagen in tendons are held together with proteoglycan (a compound consisting of a protein bonded to glycosaminoglycan groups, present especially in connective tissue) components including decorin and, in compressed regions of tendon, aggrecan , which are capable of binding to the collagen fibrils at specific locations. (handwiki.org)
  • Mesenchymal cells derived from the dermomyotome condense within connective tissue (mesenchymal) scaffolds to form 2 common muscle masses. (medscape.com)
  • BMP-2 induces chondrocyte proliferation, endochondral bone formation, longitudinal bone growth, and bone and cartilage repair (6, 7). (novusbio.com)
  • TGF-β induces the expression of several growth factors and cytokines in prostate stromal cells, including IL-6, and BMP-6. (oncotarget.com)
  • To date, various studies have reported that cells isolated from the dental pulp of various animals can be induced to differentiate into cells of the odontoblastic phenotype by means of various chemicals, growth factors and signaling molecules both in vitro and in vivo ( reviewed in Nakashima and Akamine, 2005). (ispub.com)
  • To correlate chondrogenic phenotype with EF-induced migration direction cells from passages that were directed to the cathode (P2) and anode (P3) were placed in pellet culture and aggrecan expression was measured after 7 days (observe section on 3D cultures below for culture details). (biongenex.com)
  • Expression of GDF3 occurs in ossifying bone during embryonic development and in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow brain, and adipose tissue of adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. (springer.com)
  • Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
  • Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities. (springer.com)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key homeostatic role, not only by ensuring efficient energy storage but also by its quick mobilisation (lipids) to ensure peripheral demands. (springer.com)
  • The 'adipose tissue expandability model' identifies the limited capacity and dysfunctionality of WAT, preventing its expansion and accommodation of surplus of energy, as key determinants for the onset and progression of obesity-associated metabolopathologies as a result of ectopic deposition of toxic lipid species in metabolic organs (i.e. muscle or liver [also known as lipotoxic insult]) [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
  • It is involved in various metabolic processes, such as acting on white adipose tissue to upregulate brown adipose tissue-specific genes, enhancing PGC-1α expression to increase lipid oxidation, suppressing inflammation in skeletal muscles, inhibiting cardiometabolic risk factors, and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatoblastoma cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • And then it's going to be followed by epidemiology and pathology, followed by the actual overview of how this protein complex works, so the osteoinductive protein complex. (chiroeco.com)
  • 1 The obstacles of current bone substitutes include the limited amounts of donor bone, the bone resorption of autografts, the risk of disease transmission and graft rejection of allografts, and the shortage of osteoinductive property for synthetic grafts. (dovepress.com)
  • BTE aims to combine the cellular ( osteogenic cells), extracellular ( osteoconductive scaffolds) and/or molecular elements ( osteoinductive growth factors) required for bone healing [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone grafting is a common procedure in orthopaedic surgery and the implantation of autologous bone grafts supplying osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells, and a structural scaffold, has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of bone defects caused by trauma, tumor, infection or congenital abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of tumors from this model revealed that they exhibited strong bone resorption, induction of osteoclasts and intracranial penetration at the tumor bone (TB)-interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although those bone substitutes have proven utility, they have often resulted in complications such as stress shielding-induced resorption of the surrounding bone and fatigue failure of the implant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GDF2 (also known as BMP9) induces and maintains the response embryonic basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) have to a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, and regulates iron metabolism by increasing levels of a protein called hepcidin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
  • The gene is located on chromosome 12q23 [ 26 ] and regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 activity as well as the cell cycle [ 27 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • MEK can phosphorylate and activate ERK, which is transferred into the nucleus and regulates gene expression by activating other kinases or transcription factors. (cusabio.com)
  • Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
  • Since rodent models cannot recapitulate many of the human disease features, human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Parkinson's patients have been used to generate brain organoids, greatly contributing to our understanding of the disease pathophysiology. (nature.com)
  • In addition, BMP-2 overexpression induced p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 expression, and cellular apoptosis in RCC cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Overexpression of xCyp26c weakly induced neural genes in animal cap explants. (molcells.org)
  • Lung-specific overexpression of Shh leads to severe boost of interstitial tissues. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analyses, the current study identified that runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was a target of miR‑205 in PC and overexpression of miR‑205 suppressed the expression of RUNX2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Several molecular mechanisms may count for this AR re-activation in CRPC, including AR gene amplification/overexpression, AR mutation, the presence of AR splice variants, enhanced AR co-regulators signaling, alterations in steroid metabolism, growth factor and/or cytokine induced AR activation etc [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Transcriptional Signatures of IPF Lungs Are Enriched with Developmental Genes Microarray analysis recognized an IPF-specific gene expression signature characterized by the up-regulation of genes indicative of an active tissue remodeling program, including extracellular matrix and a large number of myofibroblast/easy muscle 1009298-09-2 cellCassociated and epithelial cellCrelated genes [3,5]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse cellular processes and negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding with 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) ( 2 - 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Sumoylation and desumoylation are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation, transcriptional rules, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and stem cell/progenitor maintenance, pluripotency, and differentiation2C6. (rue2011.com)
  • In addition, transforming growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 induce Runx2 /Cbfa1 transcriptional expression via the p38 MAPK pathway. (cusabio.com)
  • In the light of a recent report that mutations in the BMP-13 gene are associated with spine vertebral fusion in Klippel-Feil syndrome, we hypothesized that BMP-13 signaling is crucial for regulating embryonic endochondral ossification. (ijbs.com)
  • Neither gene was detectable in the axial skeleton during human embryonic development. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Prx1 expression also connotes calvaria and appendicular tissues during embryonic develop. (researchgate.net)
  • Totipotent stem cells contain all the constituents necessary to produce a living being, given that these cells can supply all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues required for proper growth (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
  • ACs in pellet culture were more responsive to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) alone or combinations made up of BMP2 (i.e. (biongenex.com)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Vertebrate neurogenesis requires inhibition of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals in the ectoderm. (molcells.org)
  • The endogenous BMP-13 gene expression in MSCs was examined under expansion conditions. (ijbs.com)
  • Results showed that endogenous BMP-13 mRNA expression was higher than BMP-2 or -7 during MSC growth. (ijbs.com)
  • The low endogenous regenerative capacity of the heart,added tothe prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, triggered the advent ofcardiac tissue engineering in the last decades. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • After the cleavage of the signal peptide, the protein is processed into various bioactive endogenous peptides, such as apelin-13, -16, -17, and -36 [ 3 ] , which are widely expressed in various organs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the BMP subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. (novusbio.com)
  • It binds Bone morphogenetic proteins , members of the TGF beta superfamily of ligands, which are involved in paracrine signalling . (wikidoc.org)
  • BMP-7, also called osteogenic protein-1, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of cysteine-knot fold cytokine-growth factors [ 18 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Recently, it was reported the desumoylase SENP3 is definitely associated with MLL1/MLL2 complexes and desumoylates RBBP5, therefore activating a subset of HOX genes that regulate osteoblast differentiation9. (rue2011.com)
  • Early neurogenesis is initiated by inhibition of BMP signaling in the ectoderm by BMP antagonists expressed in Spemann's organizer region, resulting in anterior neural tissue formation ( Hemmati-Brivanlou and Melton, 1994 ). (molcells.org)
  • 2003). A previous in-vitro study on the role of GDF-5 in periodontal ligament cells has shown that exogenous GDF-5 promotes cell proliferation while suppressing the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is closely related to tissue calcification and which is secreted during the formation of tissue calcifications. (ispub.com)
  • Many molecules and some gene cascades have been identified in the initial phases of tooth development: bud, cap, bell, and to a lesser degree, root formation 4-10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Depletion of xCyp26c by morpholino-oligonucleotides suppressed the normal formation of the axis and head, indicating that xCyp26c plays a critical role in the specification of anterior neural tissue in whole embryos. (molcells.org)
  • In animal cap explants, however, xCyp26c morpholinos did not alter anterior-to-posterior neural tissue formation. (molcells.org)
  • The results indicated that the BMP-2-producing cell sheet group was more efficient than other groups in promoting bone formation in the defect area. (dovepress.com)
  • However, despite the ability of KEL RBCs to induce anti-KEL antibodies in the absence of complement, removal of C3 or complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) rendered recipients completely reliant on CD4+ T cells for IgG anti-KEL antibody formation. (jci.org)
  • Our finding provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of BMP-13 in restricting pathological bone formation. (ijbs.com)
  • Recombinant human BMP-2 and BMP-7 are used clinically to augment bone formation in spinal fusion and many other applications in which bone induction is desired [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • In vivo, mutational inactivation of the BMP-13 gene is associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), characterised by congenital fusion of the cervical spine vertebrae [ 14 ], and caused defects in joint, ligament, and cartilage formation in a transgenic mouse model [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind ectopic bone formation in response to TBI is likely to have a significant impact on identification of novel therapeutic targets for HO treatment. (mdpi.com)
  • Currently, there is no consensus whether there is a single or multiple postnatal stem cell population(s) that contribute to skeletal homeostasis and postnatal bone formation. (researchgate.net)
  • A known population of cells that express Prx1 contributes to postnatal bone formation. (researchgate.net)
  • 3 To overcome some of these difficulties, research has been driven toward the use of bioactive molecules to induce local bone formation. (allenpress.com)
  • 17 , 19 - 24 BMP-2, −4, and −7 have been shown to stimulate de novo, in vitro, and in vivo bone formation in various animal models. (allenpress.com)
  • In vivo CT revealed comparable bone formation after 4, 8 and 12 weeks in all groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1965, Urist recognized BMP as an important factor in osteogenesis and bone formation [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Various approaches have been tested to promote bone formation in order to shorten the DO period. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we introduce the broad application of β-TCP in tissue engineering and discuss the different approaches that β-TCP scaffolds are customized, including physical modification (e.g., pore size, porosity and roughness) and the incorporation of metal ions, other materials (e.g., bioactive glass) and stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells). (frontiersin.org)
  • To create a favorable osteogenic environment, β-TCP scaffolds have been modified in a number of ways to boost bone healing, including modulating physical features (e.g., pore sizes, porosity and surface roughness), combining with ionic components, and the addition/delivery of growth factors. (frontiersin.org)
  • 7 However, the scaffolds still face the problem of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and bioresorbability, which are not adaptable to the properties of natural bone. (dovepress.com)
  • 8 nm).Ppy NPs effectively augment the conductivity, surface roughness, andthickness of BC composites despite reducing scaffolds' transparency.BC-Ppy composites were flexible (up to 10 mM Ppy), maintained theirintricate 3D extracellular matrix-like mesh structure in all Ppy concentrationstested, and displayed electrical conductivities in the range of nativecardiac tissue. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Our results highlight the remarkablepotential use of BC-Ppy scaffolds as a cardiac patch in tissue regenerativetherapies. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • 3D printing offers the possibility to produce customized scaffolds for complex bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regardless of monolayer or spheroid cell culture, PLATMC-HPLG constructs represent promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro analysis reveals that LDN193189 inhibits a number of intracellular kinases such as, mitogen activated protein kinase 14 and 8 ( p38and c-Jun N -terminal kinase respectively), as well as those associated with AKT (serine/threonine kinase) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling mechanisms. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
  • By comparing the TB signature with gene expression profiles from human breast metastases and an in vitro osteoclast model, we demonstrate that our model mimics both the human breast cancer bone microenvironment and osteoclastogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Yang has extensive expertise in developing novel biomaterials and stem cell-based therapeutics for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, or engineering 3D in vitro cancer models for drug screening and mechanistic discovery. (stanford.edu)
  • Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • During the last years tissue engineering based treatment concepts and cell therapeutics showed promising results in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies are increasingly being used to overcome the limitations of autogenous bone grafts and existing bone-substitute materials to reconstruct such defects [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal growth of bone in soft connective tissues that occurs as a frequent complication in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in rare genetic disorders. (mdpi.com)
  • GDF-5 also increased the gene expression and enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase. (ispub.com)
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and activity, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis and matrix mineralization were assessed by cytological staining or ALP assay. (ijbs.com)
  • The increase in ALP, mineral deposition, and osteoblastic genes induced by the mechanical stretch-EPO combination was inhibited by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. (hindawi.com)
  • To date, various studies have reported that BMP-family growth factors can induce cells isolated from dental pulp tissues to differentiate into odontoblasts. (ispub.com)
  • The MSCs were then induced to differentiate into osteoblasts in osteo-inductive medium containing exogenous BMP-13. (ijbs.com)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts provide potential for the development of novel treatment strategies, such as improved healing of large bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of approximately 29,000 genes was analyzed by microarray and selected genes verified by real-time PCR. (heightquest.com)
  • In addition, bone grafts are frequently used for spinal fusion, joint revision surgery, corrective osteotomy and bone reconstruction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, it induces AR activation in LNCaP cells in the absence of significant levels of androgen, as evidenced by induction of several AR target genes including PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK4. (oncotarget.com)
  • MiR-100-5p expression was upregulated in the NONFH exosomes and inhibited the osteogenesis of hBMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs by targeting BMPR2 and suppressing the BMPR2/SMAD1/5/9 signalling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silencing miR-100-5p expression rescued the reduction in osteogenesis and angiogenesis caused by the NONFH exosomes by activating the BMPR2/SMAD1/5/9 signalling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Partially purified extracts from newborn calf articular cartilage were found to induce cartilage and bone when subcutaneously implanted in rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition, the injection of the NONFH exosomes caused thinning and disruption of bone trabeculae in the femoral heads of rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Induced EndoMT in PAECs by inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β led to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the development of a mesenchymal morphology. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • By using a PCa/stroma co-culture model, here we show that stromal TGF-β signaling induces comprehensive morphology changes of PCa LNCaP cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, it is unclear whether anterior neural tissue produced by inhibition of BMP is simply generated by a default pathway of pre-existing intracellular molecules or by the newly expressed posterior modifier inhibition molecules. (molcells.org)
  • Cell type and tissue specific alterations in fine GAG structure, which are strictly predetermined [ 8 - 10 ], allow these molecules to modulate with high specificity different cellular processes [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
  • These two protein signaling molecules and their BMPR2 mediated effects play an important role in follicle development in preparation for ovulation. (wikidoc.org)
  • A significant association of BMP-2 mRNA expression was also found with advanced tumor stage and lymph node involvement, while lower BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival after radical nephrectomy. (oncotarget.com)
  • BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in RCC cells by 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine treatment. (oncotarget.com)
  • The prevalence of BMP-2 promoter methylation was significantly greater and BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in RCC samples as compared to normal kidney samples. (oncotarget.com)
  • Experimental treatment in animal models with estradiol with or without FSH increased BMPR2 mRNA expression while treatment with FSH alone decreased BMPR2 expression. (wikidoc.org)
  • meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of Ets-1, C-myc, Ccnd1, and C-fos were detected by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). (hindawi.com)
  • it both inhibits and induces early stages of development in embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • In situ hybridization and immunostaining of sections from human embryos showed that CDMP-1 was predominantly found at the stage of precartilaginous mesenchymal condensation and throughout the cartilaginous cores of the developing long bones, whereas CDMP-2 expression was restricted to the hypertrophic chondrocytes of ossifying long bone centers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, the current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. (medscape.com)
  • To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)
  • In vivo models that mimic the breast cancer-specific osteolytic bone microenvironment are limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, their low frequency in bone marrow necessitate ex vivo expansion for further clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There have been studies which has correlated BMPR2 with exercise induced elevation of PA pressure by measuring tricuspid regurgitation velocity by echocardiography. (wikidoc.org)
  • In this study, we identified and used a TB microenvironment-specific gene expression signature from this model to extend our understanding of the metastatic bone microenvironment in human disease and to predict potential therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our mouse breast cancer model morphologically and genetically resembles the osteoclastic bone microenvironment observed in human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our study strongly suggests tumor stromal microenvironment induced AR activation as a direct mechanism of CRPC. (oncotarget.com)
  • GDF8 is now officially known as myostatin and controls the growth of muscle tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, development and genetic studies have shown that GDF-5 null mutation or transgenic mice exhibit abnormal growth patterns or overgrowth of limbs, long bones, cartilage, joints and digits (Storm et al. (ispub.com)
  • Gradients in bone morphogenetic protein-related gene expression across the growth plate. (heightquest.com)
  • In the growth plate, we found that BMP-2 and -6 are expressed primarily in the hypertrophic zone at levels similar to or greater than those found in the trabecular bone of the metaphysis. (heightquest.com)
  • 2002). It has also been reported that the GDF-5 gene is expressed in dental sac, periodontal ligament, dental pulp cells, and odontoblasts during tooth development (Morotome et al. (ispub.com)
  • So one is to activate stem cells and the second is to regenerate tissue. (chiroeco.com)
  • We found that the xCyp26c gene, encoding a retinoic acid (RA) degradation enzyme, was upregulated following inhibition of BMP signaling in early neuroectodermal cells. (molcells.org)
  • In murine smooth muscle cells, the compound inhibits BMP-4 induced phosphorylation of SMAD 1/5/8 with an IC 50 of 5 nM. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Zhang et al ( 9 ) revealed that expression of miR-205 was significantly decreased in radioresistant subpopulations of breast cancer cells and loss of miR-205 expression was associated with poor distant relapse-free survival in patients with breast cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These metastases are predominantly osteolytic and develop when tumor cells interact with bone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, these treatment methods have limited efficacy due in part to the fact that they do not effectively target the interaction between tumor cells and bone [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the osteolytic lesions of bone metastases, tumor cells interact with osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone forming cells), thereby inhibiting normal bone development and ultimately leading to bone destruction [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to renew themselves and give rise to bone, cartilage, extra fat, etc., therefore holding a promise of cell therapy and cells executive7. (rue2011.com)
  • A) GA treatment (50?M) resulted in a loss of total sumoylated protein in HEK293 cells and mBMSCs (*p? (rue2011.com)
  • Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • It appears that the hormones estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) have roles in regulating expression of BMPR2 in granulosa cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Myokines are small proteins (5-20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and secreted by skeletal muscle cells in response to muscle contractions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • During the fifth week, differentiating mesenchymal cells condense in a proximal-to-distal fashion to form blastemas, which eventually develop into cartilaginous models of, ultimately, the bones of the upper extremity. (medscape.com)
  • One great advantage of MSC is that these cells may be directly obtained from individual patients, thereby eliminating the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic tissue and infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
  • MDV3100 effectively blocks DHT-induced, but not stromal TGF-β signaling induced AR activation in LNCaP cells, indicating that stromal TGF-β signaling induces both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR activation in PCa. (oncotarget.com)
  • has shown promising Moxonidine Hydrochloride results for development of designed cartilage using animal chondrocytes and Moxonidine Hydrochloride stem cells (O'Connell using chondrocytes and stem cells derived from numerous animal models (Farrell functional cartilage tissue development of non-human mammalian cells encapsulated in agarose (Sampat (2012). (biongenex.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can easily be isolated and expanded from bone marrow (BM) aspirates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, since cells in the tissue are surrounded by exosomes, BMSCs, and VECs treated with exosomes from necrotic bone tissue in femoral head are similar to BMSCs and VECs in necrotic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A growing number of patients are receiving bisphosphonates for treatment of bone diseases (such as osteoporosis) or cancers with bone metastases. (jcda.ca)
  • Alterations occurring in BMPR expression and activity add up to cardiovascular diseases, fibrotic disorders, and skeletal abnormalities. (news-medical.net)
  • Prof. Elisabeth Engel got her PhD in 2003 in bone metabolism diseases in medical school. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Our lab's mission is to develop therapies for regenerating human tissues lost due to diseases or aging, and to build tissue engineered 3D models for understanding disease progression and informing drug discovery. (stanford.edu)
  • The AER and PZ work as a functional unit responsible for the outgrowth of the limb along the proximodistal axis, and the marginal blood vessel may convey messenger proteins that integrate this process. (medscape.com)
  • Besides, gene therapies targeted at restoring BMPR2 function have been examined as a possible treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. (news-medical.net)
  • An inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene has been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension . (wikidoc.org)
  • Over 200 genes have been associated with odontogenesis 1-2 and dental defects 1,3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bone loss caused by congenital defects, traumatic injury, cancer, reconstructive surgery, or periodontal disease has aroused widespread concern all over the world. (dovepress.com)
  • Large bone defects resulting from trauma, congenital defects, neoplasm, failed arthroplasty, and infection are quite common [ 1 , 2 ], and the incidences of nonunion and delayed union are very high [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It remains a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons to achieve osseous reconstruction for nonunion and bone defects. (hindawi.com)
  • Several biomaterials such as metal alloys, ceramics or bone cements have been used for decades as permanent implants to overbridge or stabilize bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMPR2 functions to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle tissue. (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition to its classical role in the regulation of RBC proliferation, EPO has been shown to exert protective and regenerative capabilities in a variety of nonhematopoietic tissues [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These include type II collagen in the cartilaginous zones, type III collagen in the reticulin fibres of the vascular walls, type IX collagen, type IV collagen in the basement membranes of the capillaries, type V collagen in the vascular walls, and type X collagen in the mineralized fibrocartilage near the interface with the bone. (handwiki.org)
  • Strategies to modulate BMPR signaling consist of the development of small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and gene therapies. (news-medical.net)