IonsSodiumMagnesiumMitochondrialCellularPotassiumNerve membraneFungal cell membraneInner membraneMuscle contractionsReceptorsIntracellular calciumProteinsVitroDepolarizationReducesDeficiencyCytoplasmMucousCell wallsViabilityInfluxIonicProteinRegulateRegulatesPlasmaConcentrationBoneOxalateApoptosisLuteinizing hormoneCellsMetabolismCyclicPhysiologicalToxinsReductionEmerging infectioPotentialIntegrityMusclesInhibitNADHIonophoreResultsExposureDiffusionMetabolicProcessesActivityCorticalTransientUptakeDietary calciumAccumulationLevelsTensile
Ions17
- In addition, cell membrane permeability for ions also increased under anesthesia. (frontiersin.org)
- Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions. (umassmed.edu)
- Exposure of a peripheral nerve to US reduces the membrane resting potential by increasing its permeability to various ions (especially Sodium (Na+) and Calcium (Ca++). (electrotherapy.org)
- The calcium itself also plays a role in reducing the loss of ions during influx of water by decreasing the permeability of plasma membrane to other ions. (biotrop.org)
- Potassium ions rush out of the cell while sodium & chloride ions rush inward as the cell membranes depolarize. (benbest.com)
- Another ATP-driven pump helps keep extracellular calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) 10,000 times more concentrated than within the cytoplasm. (benbest.com)
- Praziquantel increases the permeability of cell membranes for calcium ions, which leads to muscle contractions of the parasite. (profisupplies.com)
- The composite particle prepared via coating method displayed higher catalytic activity due to its better buffering capacity for the hydroxide ions generated by the decomposition of calcium peroxide. (casb.org.cn)
- The ions tend to leak across the cell membrane in an effort to restore equilibrium. (freezingblue.com)
- That means their cell membranes maintain the resting membrane potential and are capable of responding to change resulting in an opening of the sodium and potassium gates, which allows the ions to flow readily: sodium in and potassium out. (freezingblue.com)
- When the action potential arrives at the motor neuron terminus, calcium ions enter the motor neuron to stimulate the release of Ach from the synaptic vesicles. (freezingblue.com)
- Although the mode of action is not exactly known at present, there is experimental evidence that praziquantel increases the permeability of the membranes of schistosome cells towards calcium ions. (curecrowd.com)
- This resting potential is determined by the concentration gradients of 2 major ions, Na + and K + , and the relative membrane permeability to these ions (also known as leak currents). (medscape.com)
- In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
- Initially, sodium ions gradually enter the cell through the nerve cell membrane. (medscape.com)
- The entry of sodium ions causes the transmembrane electric potential to increase from the resting potential. (medscape.com)
- Once membrane depolarization is complete, the membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions again, and the conductance of potassium ions into the cell increases. (medscape.com)
Sodium7
- Postsynaptic membranes contain two voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type & T-type) as well as a sodium/calcium exchanger, but the NMDA channel is particularly adept at allowing large amounts of calcium ion to enter the cell. (benbest.com)
- Most modem processing methods, including the processing of grains and refined flours, increase sodium content and reduce potassium, whether needed for preservation or not. (nationalacademies.org)
- The other cations have done pretty well, sodium in terms of volume regulation, potassium in terms of Nernst-Equation problems (like sudden cardiac loss of life) and calcium with regards to bone disease. (irjs.info)
- When sodium nitrite is used for cyanide poisoning, do not use methylene blue in an attempt to treat excessive methemoglobinemia induced by the antidote because reduced cyanide binding and increased toxicity occurs. (drugs.com)
- As blood calcium levels rise, cell membrane permeability to sodium is decreased, and the responsiveness of the nervous system is reduced. (lumenlearning.com)
- In addition, exposure of cells to comparable concentrations of two different detergents, Triton X-100 or sodium cholate, did not increase testosterone levels, suggesting that this effect of OP was not due to its potential detergent qualities. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium ion permeability is altered resulting in changes in the cell membrane potential. (animalphysiotherapy.uk)
Magnesium10
- Poisoning with magnesium salt, oxalic acid, soluble salts of fluoric acid (binding to calcium gluconate results in forming insoluble and non-toxic calcium oxalate and calcium fluoride). (arterium.ua)
- If there is adequate magnesium, then toxins can leave the inside of the cell by passing through the cell membrane where they can then be transported out of the body (detox). (mbsfestival.com.au)
- When you raise your magnesium levels you increase the permeability of the cellular membrane so that the toxins can pass through. (mbsfestival.com.au)
- He and an associate drew attention to the close interrelationship of magnesium, calcium and intracellular potassium. (irjs.info)
- Magnesium helps calcium by freeing up ATF and increasing the energy potential of the body. (behealthyeveryday.eu)
- A good balance of calcium and magnesium in the body keeps calcium in the bone tissue, preventing bones from going soft. (behealthyeveryday.eu)
- In fact, these are calcium and magnesium salts. (incoral.com)
- A balanced combination of calcium and magnesium in the body (2: 1) prevents the disappearance of calcium from the bones and their softening. (incoral.com)
- PTH causes increased reabsorption of calcium (and magnesium) in the kidney tubules from the urine filtrate. (lumenlearning.com)
- The increase in testosterone was both dose and time sensitive, and this response was observed in medium lacking both calcium and magnesium and containing a membrane-permeable calcium chelator, suggesting that the increase in testosterone was not mediated by an increase in the permeability of extracellular calcium into cells or the redistribution/release of calcium from intracellular store s, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondrial8
- At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. (hindawi.com)
- Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)
- The effects of global mitochondrial calcium (Ca 2+ ) uniporter (MCU) deficiency on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, neuronal Ca 2+ handling, bioenergetics and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) were examined. (nyu.edu)
- Introduction An elevated permeability from the mitochondrial external membrane is implicated in the first levels of apoptosis [1]. (nsdfu.org)
- Although latest data claim that the era of intracellular ceramide boosts mitochondrial permeability, the foundation of mitochondrial ceramide continues to be unknown. (nsdfu.org)
- Electron microscopic Kaempferide tomography verified that upon the forming of ceramide systems, the invaginated parts of the plasma membrane prolong deep in to the cytoplasm developing direct physical connections with mitochondrial external membranes. (nsdfu.org)
- Ceramide may so end up being transferred in the plasma membrane towards the mitochondrial external membrane directly. (nsdfu.org)
- Alternatively, a rise in mitochondrial permeability continues to be ascribed to ceramide itself: Deposition of mitochondrial ceramide might Rabbit Polyclonal to CDON promote the forming of membrane stations and the next discharge of proapoptotic protein in the mitochondrial intermembrane space [6]. (nsdfu.org)
Cellular6
- Gases: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which can diffuse both through cytosol and across cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Each of those cells is surrounded by what is called a cellular membrane. (mbsfestival.com.au)
- However, recent discoveries both in neuroscience as well as in cellular biology (in particular, the work of Dr Bruce Lipton) demonstrate that the cellular membrane is in fact the (mem)brain! (mbsfestival.com.au)
- and elevated cellular membrane permeability linked to intracellular potassium depletion are mechanisms that they implicate. (irjs.info)
- Calcium ion transport is modified which in turn leads to an alteration in the enzyme control mechanisms of various metabolic processes, especially concerning protein synthesis & cellular secretions. (animalphysiotherapy.uk)
- Examination of the cell body of these injured axons reveals that though they are not injured, they display evident cellular responses indicative of injury, including increased protein expression. (asra.com)
Potassium1
- Under hyposaline condition, Gα protein maintains potassium/natrium homeostasis by increasing external calcium influx to the cytoplasm. (biotrop.org)
Nerve membrane2
- By virtue of this adjusted permeability, the nerve membrane is taken closer to its threshold (the point where it depolarizes), though doesn't usually make the nerve fire. (electrotherapy.org)
- the nerve membrane is depolarized to a level of +35 mV or more. (medscape.com)
Fungal cell membrane1
- Know normal platelet count, increased bleeding time, increased PTT *Captopril is a teratogen *MOA of Amphotericin B Punches holes in ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane *Tons of biostats. (pdfcoffee.com)
Inner membrane2
- The G-protein (named for the GDP and GTP molecules that bind to it) is bound to the inner membrane of the cell and consists of three subunits: alpha, beta and gamma. (wikipedia.org)
- The alpha subunit, now free to move along the inner membrane, eventually contacts another cell surface receptor - the "primary effector. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle contractions1
- It supports stable cardiac activity, nerve conduction and muscle contractions, increases the permeability of cell membranes and normalizes blood clotting processes. (incoral.com)
Receptors5
- Postsynaptic membranes contain several types of glutamate receptors, notably NMDA & AMPA receptors, which allow calcium ion entry. (benbest.com)
- In the absence of oxygen, glutamate evoked normal increases in [Ca 2+ ](i), indicating that glutamate receptors functioned normally. (umn.edu)
- It includes junctional folds that increase its surface area and number of receptors, and an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine known as acetylcholinesterase. (freezingblue.com)
- ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate, triggering ion channels to open (by increasing membrane permeability). (freezingblue.com)
- Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, hormone release, and cerebral glyconeogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Intracellular calcium3
- High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
- Therefore, we assessed neuronal survival and intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca 2+ ](i)) in neonatal hippocampal cultures in response to glutamate in the presence and absence of oxygen. (umn.edu)
- Increasing temperature from 22 degrees C to 40 degrees C in mammalian cells transfected with hTRPV3 elevated intracellular calcium by activating a nonselective cationic conductance. (nih.gov)
Proteins5
- There are three basic types of secondary messenger molecules: Hydrophobic molecules: water-insoluble molecules such as diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositols, which are membrane-associated and diffuse from the plasma membrane into the intermembrane space where they can reach and regulate membrane-associated effector proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Massive, calcium-activated endocytosis from the plasma membrane without participation of traditional endocytic proteins is normally a recently defined phenomenon and it is closely from the development of ceramide during mobile stress [17]C[20]. (nsdfu.org)
- Furthermore, gene overexpression is also frequently associated to antifungal resistance as well as an increase in the activity of proteins that reduce oxidative damage. (intechopen.com)
- Ca constitutes a structural element in membrane architecture: electrostatic bridges formed by Ca and components of the membrane lipid layer allow anchoring and stationarity of integral proteins. (cultifort.com)
- Another theory proposes that alcohol increases the propensity of formation of protein plugs within pancreatic ducts by altering the level of lithogenic proteins and increasing the viscosity of pancreatic secretions, causing obstruction, and, eventually, acinar atrophy. (msdmanuals.com)
Vitro3
- Transient exposure to calcium ionophore enables in vitro fertilization in sterile mouse models. (umassmed.edu)
- A VIP-receptor system antagonist, VIP10-28 increased C6 cell invasion in the rat brain parenchyma ex lover vivo, and C6 and migration in vitro. (abic2004.org)
- Despite their efficacy in vitro and in preclinical assays, SMO inhibitors like the herb alkaloid cyclopamine and its derivatives failed to improve the overall patient survival in clinical trials. (abic2004.org)
Depolarization2
- Depolarization of presynaptic membranes results in release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (glutamic acid) . (benbest.com)
- These results suggest that 1) TEA functionally converts multiunit smooth muscle into a single unit one and leads to the development of a MR and 2) the MR results from a depolarization-activated mobilization of Ca and is inhibited by ionic conditions known to increase membrane permeability. (nih.gov)
Reduces4
- Interestingly, when you have too much calcium there is a 'calcification' of the cell membrane which reduces the permeability. (mbsfestival.com.au)
- As discussed earlier, calcitonin inhibits the activity of osteoclasts, reduces the absorption of dietary calcium in the intestine, and signals the kidneys to reabsorb less calcium, resulting in larger amounts of calcium excreted in the urine. (lumenlearning.com)
- These results suggest that the addition of DFM to the diet of newborn lambs and weaning at 60 days improves the overall performance and immunity of the lambs and consequently reduces the mortality rate. (degruyter.com)
- Several experiments indicate that the increase of calcium in the cell walls of plant tissues reduces the presence or severity of diseases (Villegas et al. (cultifort.com)
Deficiency4
- High calcium requirements (the period of intensive growth in children and adolescents, pregnancy, lactation), nutritional Ca2+ deficiency, disorders of calcium metabolism in postmenopausal period, bone fractures. (arterium.ua)
- In contrast, abnormally low blood calcium levels may be caused by parathyroid hormone deficiency, called hypoparathyroidism , which may develop following injury or surgery involving the thyroid gland. (lumenlearning.com)
- In tomato, for example, localized calcium deficiency causes apical rot and favors fruit cracking, while excess induces the formation of golden blotch. (cultifort.com)
- In cultivated plants, calcium deficiency symptoms are rarely observed. (cultifort.com)
Cytoplasm1
- Increased calcium content could increase the rigidity of cell walls to reduce excess water influx into the cytoplasm during hyposaline stress. (biotrop.org)
Mucous3
- Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. (lookformedical.com)
- Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA , the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. (lookformedical.com)
- The inflammation involves swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. (lookformedical.com)
Cell walls3
- Its saponins help to remove toxins and bacteria present in topical infections and reactions by increasing the permeability of the cell walls and providing antimicrobial action. (thealchemistskitchen.com)
- component in cell walls and in maintaining plasma membrane integrity. (cultifort.com)
- Most of the Ca that enters the plant is accumulated in cell walls and membranes. (cultifort.com)
Viability3
- This finding was associated with increased membrane permeability, decreased viability, and reduced metabolic activity following long-term treatment of biofilms. (bvsalud.org)
- The effects of quantum dots (QD) on cell viability have gained increasing interest due to many recent developments utilizing QD for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. (ncsu.edu)
- The results indicate that addition of strain results in an increase in cytokine production and QD uptake, resulting in irritation and a negative impact on cell viability. (ncsu.edu)
Influx1
- This effect is at least in part due to altered calcium permeability of the cell membrane, reduction of chloride influx through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor, and action of estrogen as a glutamate agonist in the hippocampus. (medscape.com)
Ionic2
- The rapid phenomenon of ionic reversal along the membrane is called an action potential. (freezingblue.com)
- This increased ionic conductance may result in the increase in spontaneous activity that develops in a sprouting axon. (asra.com)
Protein2
- Once this exchange takes place, the alpha subunit of the G-protein transducer breaks free from the beta and gamma subunits, all parts remaining membrane-bound. (wikipedia.org)
- Gα gene, which is an α subunit of G protein, plays an important role in regulation of calcium ion channel in the plasma membrane of the cell. (biotrop.org)
Regulate1
- Voltage-gated ion channels and ion-exchangers in the cell membrane also regulate ion concentrations. (benbest.com)
Regulates4
- The helper of calcium - provides the release of ATP and increases the energy potential of the body, ensures a stable heartbeat, regulates the tone of smooth muscles (blood vessels, intestines, gallbladder and urinary bladder). (incoral.com)
- A negative feedback loop regulates the levels of PTH, with rising blood calcium levels inhibiting further release of PTH. (lumenlearning.com)
- The parathyroid glands are small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood calcium levels. (lumenlearning.com)
- The result of the combined effects of stable cavitation and acoustic streaming is that the cell membrane becomes 'excited' (up regulates), thus increasing the activity levels of the whole cell. (animalphysiotherapy.uk)
Plasma4
- All these data indicate that diethyl ether anesthesia may partially mimic heat stress in plants through the effect on plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
- These oxidants maximally produced only a slow increase in [Ca 2+ ](i) as the plasma membrane permeability increased nonspecifically. (umn.edu)
- During apoptosis, ceramide is normally created inside the plasma membrane. (nsdfu.org)
- Using tagged annexin A1 fluorescently, we present that, upon its era inside the plasma membrane, ceramide self-associates into systems that invaginate and fuse with mitochondria subsequently. (nsdfu.org)
Concentration4
- At menarche, pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and ovarian steroids (estrogen and progesterone) increase in overall concentration. (medscape.com)
- These two mechanisms constantly maintain blood calcium concentration at homeostasis. (lumenlearning.com)
- Therefore, the prepared biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles could effectively reduce the concentration of benzoic acid in the cultivation medium through adsorption-oxidation reactions, reducing the physiological stress of phenolic acid on tomato seedlings and promoting its growth. (casb.org.cn)
- It has been suggested that total Ca concentration is not a reliable value in relation to sufficiency, because it accumulates in some plants as calcium oxalate crystals. (cultifort.com)
Bone6
- Calcium and phosphorous are building blocks for the bone tissue and all other connective tissues. (behealthyeveryday.eu)
- Together with phosphorus, calcium forms bone tissue and is a building material for all connective tissues. (incoral.com)
- PTH secretion causes the release of calcium from the bones by stimulating osteoclasts, which secrete enzymes that degrade bone and release calcium into the interstitial fluid. (lumenlearning.com)
- Abnormally high activity of the parathyroid gland can cause hyperparathyroidism , a disorder caused by an overproduction of PTH that results in excessive calcium reabsorption from bone. (lumenlearning.com)
- PTH increases bone resorption, calcium absorption from the intestines, and calcium reabsorption by the kidneys. (lumenlearning.com)
- The sheath–core composite fibers significantly increased calcium accretion of hASCs, indicating that collagen–PCL sheath–core bicomponent structures have potential for bone tissue engineering applications using hASCs. (ncsu.edu)
Oxalate1
Apoptosis2
- These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
- The tumor mass increases due to the division of normal cells during its stimulation and dysfunction of its inhibitors and due to the predominance of cell proliferation over apoptosis. (oaji.net)
Luteinizing hormone1
- Menarche begins with increases in ovarian hormones, the development of cyclic fluctuations, and an overall marked increase in pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (medscape.com)
Cells11
- The increased insulin acts as a growth factor, promoting the growth of cells with defective growth control mechanisms. (utoronto.ca)
- Third, high risk diets increase the mutation frequency in epithelial cells either because they contain genotoxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines or because they lead to the endogenous formation of genotoxic compounds such as advanced glycation end-products or reactive oxygen species. (utoronto.ca)
- These epithelial cells produce and secrete the parathyroid hormone (PTH) , the major hormone involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels. (lumenlearning.com)
- When blood calcium levels are high, calcitonin is produced and secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. (lumenlearning.com)
- Collagen-PCL Sheath-Core Bicomponent Electrospun Scaffolds Increase Osteogenic Differentiation and Calcium Accretion of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. (ncsu.edu)
- Methods capable of nondestructively collecting high-quality, real-time chemical information from living human stem cells are of increasing importance given the escalating relevance of stem cells in therapeutic and regenerative medicines. (ncsu.edu)
- Exposure to octylphenol increases basal testosterone formation by cultured adult rat Leydig cells. (cdc.gov)
- The studies described herein examined an unusual effect of OP in increasing constitutive testosterone levels of cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. (cdc.gov)
- By increasing the activity of these cells, the overall influence of therapeutic ultrasound is pro inflammatory. (animalphysiotherapy.uk)
- PACAP-38 induced a time-dependent inhibition of phospho-Akt expression and an increased phosphorylation of PTEN in C6 cells. (abic2004.org)
- These effects include increased enzyme content, destabilization of lysosomal and zymogen granules, sustained increase in calcium overload, and activation of pancreatic stellate cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolism1
- The increase in testosterone also was observed in the presence of the pure estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780, or a 5@-reductase inhibitor, suggesting that this effect of OP was not mediated through the estrogen receptor @ or B pathway or by inhibition of Leydig cell testosterone metabolism, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Cyclic2
- Although epilepsy may be expressed at this time in part due to this increase in estrogen, cyclic increases in estrogen relative to progesterone appear as a likely trigger for breakthrough seizures. (medscape.com)
- Cyclic tensile strain increases interactions between human epidermal keratinocytes and quantum dot nanoparticles. (ncsu.edu)
Physiological2
- Calcium is implicated in more than thirty economically important physiological disorders of crops basically due to maldistribution of the element in organ tissues (Shear, 1975). (cultifort.com)
- Calcium has received considerable attention in recent years not only because of its relationship with physiological disorders, but also because of its beneficial effects, particularly in fruits, in which it can reduce respiration, delay ripening, increase post-harvest life, as well as improve firmness and vitamin C content . (cultifort.com)
Toxins1
- Removal of remaining vital and/or necrotic pulp tissue, microorganisms and toxins from the root canal improves the results of root canal treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Reduction1
- Trikafta-induced membrane permeability, and biomass reduction was partially blocked with the calcium channel inhibitor verapamil and fully blocked by the mammalian CFTR inhibitor GlyH-101. (bvsalud.org)
Emerging infectio1
- In addition, with increasing air travel and globalization, several emerging infectious diseases have been recognized as causing ocular disease, including retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. (medscape.com)
Potential2
- In the normal resting state, the nerve has a negative membrane potential of -70 mV. (medscape.com)
- The importance of understanding the potential pathological implications of this high aspect ratio nanomaterial is increasing as new approaches to synthesize and purify in large scale are being developed. (cdc.gov)
Integrity2
- Otoscopic examination of both ears using a standard handheld otoscope with 2×/4× magnification and a reusable 0.75-inch cone includes assessment of the exudate type (eg, ceruminous, purulent), degree of stenosis, and integrity of the ear canal (eg, presence of ulceration, mass, polypoid changes, ceruminous gland hyperplasia) and tympanic membrane. (cliniciansbrief.com)
- Second, high risk diets can result in decreased epithelial membrane integrity and increased permeability. (utoronto.ca)
Muscles1
- Diseases associated with hypocalcemia, increased cell membrane permeability, impaired transmission of nerve impulses in muscles. (arterium.ua)
Inhibit1
- In contrast, elevated blood calcium levels inhibit secretion of PTH and trigger secretion of the thyroid hormone calcitonin. (lumenlearning.com)
NADH1
- HI reduced forebrain NADH levels more in global MCU nulls than WT mice suggesting that increased glycolytic consumption of NADH suppressed Complex I activity. (nyu.edu)
Ionophore1
Results3
- Accumulation of carbon dioxide results in carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ), which further increases acidity. (benbest.com)
- Perhaps the most dramatic results are related to improved wound healing, especially where the patient is challenged either through severity of injury or already depleted health. (elainemariani.uk)
- The results of hydroponic experiment showed that compared to the treatments with benzoic acid allelochemical stress, the growth indexes of tomato seedling, including individual biomass, root weight, fresh weight of stem and leaf, plant height, root length, and root activity, increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of biochar-calcium peroxide composite particles. (casb.org.cn)
Exposure2
- Furthermore, initial exposure to 2000 nM OP alone for 4 h did not alter the subsequent conversion of endogenous cholesterol or exogenously added 22 (R)hydroxycholesterol to testosterone, suggesting that the increase in testosterone was not due to the enhanced availability of endogenous cholesterol or an increase in cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity, respectively. (cdc.gov)
- The drugs inducing CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymes and the drugs inhibiting UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) may increase the exposure of NAPQI resulting in elevated risk of hepatotoxicity. (oaji.net)
Diffusion1
- This phenomenon is known to affect diffusion rates & membrane permeability. (animalphysiotherapy.uk)
Metabolic2
- Most of the metabolic energy of neurons is expended on maintaining ion gradients across the cell membrane. (benbest.com)
- In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
Processes2
- Patented processes indicating the use of B 2 O 3 , trialkylborate, and n -butylamine along with inert organic amide solvents have since improved yields [ 6 - 8 ] (Figure 2(a) ). (hindawi.com)
- Some research has helped to greatly improve the understanding of some processes in plants regarding its uptake and transport (Takano et al. (cultifort.com)
Activity1
- The expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, an intracellular marker of M1, were increased by MWCNTs. (cdc.gov)
Cortical1
- Progesterone decreases cortical excitability, by enhancing GABA effects, and increases electroshock seizure threshold in experimental models. (medscape.com)
Transient1
- Using transgenic A. thaliana expressing APOAEQUORIN , we showed transient increase of cytoplasmic calcium level [Ca 2+ ] cyt in response to diethyl ether application. (frontiersin.org)
Uptake2
- Forebrain mitochondria isolated from global MCU nulls displayed markedly reduced Ca 2+ uptake and Ca 2+ -induced opening of the membrane permeability transition pore. (nyu.edu)
- It was hypothesized that introduction of a 10% average strain to cell cultures would increase QD uptake. (ncsu.edu)
Dietary calcium1
- Calcitriol then stimulates increased absorption of dietary calcium by the intestines. (lumenlearning.com)
Accumulation2
- The weaning of lambs is usually accompanied by stress, which causes a change in body composition, resulting in fat loss or a sharp decrease in body fat accumulation, with an increase in the proportion of lean meat in both cases [ 14 ]. (degruyter.com)
- In the cell wall, accumulation is facilitated by binding with pectin polymers, particularly of the middle lamella, to form a cell wall network that increases mechanical strength (Gerasopoulos and Chebli, 1999). (cultifort.com)
Levels7
- The parathyroid glands produce and secrete PTH, a peptide hormone, in response to low blood calcium levels (Figure 2). (lumenlearning.com)
- Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels when they drop too low. (lumenlearning.com)
- Conversely, calcitonin, which is released from the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels when they become too high. (lumenlearning.com)
- thus, blood calcium levels are closely regulated. (lumenlearning.com)
- Low blood calcium levels cause the production and secretion of PTH. (lumenlearning.com)
- As a result, blood calcium levels begin to rise. (lumenlearning.com)
- Although these studies did not identify specific mechanism(s) that increase constitutive testosterone levels by OP, they identify specific pathways that appear not to be involved. (cdc.gov)
Tensile1
- Laser therapy is used to increase the speed, quality and tensile strength of tissue repair, resolve inflammation, and give pain relief. (elainemariani.uk)