• Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants explains the physiological and molecular mechanisms plants naturally exhibit to withstand abiotic stresses and outlines the potential approaches to enhance plant abiotic stress tolerance to extreme conditions. (routledge.com)
  • Tentative Outline: Spectrum of Physiological and Molecular Responses in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • Physiological, Genomics, and Breeding Approaches to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • Antioxidants in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • Future Perspective of Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • His current research interests are elucidation physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with abiotic stress tolerance and looking for suitable QTLs/genes/metabolites and/or germplasm for developing breeding or gene editing pipelines. (routledge.com)
  • Our results indicated that CmNAC1 is a critical factor in ABA signaling pathways and it can be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a largest plant-specific transcription factor family, NAC domain proteins play an important role in plant development and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Useful information on the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance has been obtained by moving genes between plants of the same or closely related species. (forageresearch.in)
  • Alvarez-Gerding X, Cortés-Bullemore R, Medina C, Romero-Romero JL, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Aquea F, Arce-Johnson P (2015) Improved salinity tolerance in Carrizo Citrange rootstock through overexpression of glyoxalase system genes. (springer.com)
  • Shabala identifies physiological mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance in halophytes that can be introduced into non-halophyte crop species to improve their performance under saline conditions. (botany.one)
  • In the present study, the salinity tolerance, salinity, and nutrient reducing ability of nine common freshwater microalgae species from the genera Chlorella , Chlorococcum , Desmodesmus , Scenedesmus , and Monoraphidium were investigated. (mdpi.com)
  • Synthesising developments in plant stress biology, the book offers strategies that can be used in breeding, genomic, molecular, physiological and biotechnological approaches that hold the potential to develop resilient plants and improve crop productivity worldwide. (routledge.com)
  • This research aims at developing strategies to improve screening processes for assessing iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybean and to enhance tolerance in existing cultivars using an understanding of the physiological processes associated with IDC. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • In white clover drought tolerance improvement programme, introgression has also been used as a route to transfer the morphological or physiological traits from its related wild species that show more drought tolerance or have better persistence. (forageresearch.in)
  • While scientists don't particularly know why LSD reduces pain perception, lead author Ramaekers theorized that it could either be due to self-transcendence or losing one's sense of self and forgetting pain, or something more physiological like an increase in blood pressure or serotonin stimulation, both of which reduce pain perception, according to what he told Inverse . (theswaddle.com)
  • Salt tolerance potential in some members of Brassicaceae, physiological studies on water relations and mineral contents. (innspub.net)
  • Heat strain is the physiological response to heat stress when the body tries to increase heat loss to the environment in order to maintain a stable body temperature [NIOSH 2016]. (cdc.gov)
  • Facing these global agricultural challenges, there is an urgent need to develop crops with delayed stress-onset to manage risk and increase yield and quality under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. (scirp.org)
  • Thus, it is proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the ability of crops to withstand drought, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture. (us.es)
  • The Regulator commissioned a report to provide advice on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) (crops) containing multiple herbicide tolerant traits and impacts on herbicide use, herbicide tolerance and herbicide resistance management issues in Australia. (ogtr.gov.au)
  • Salt tolerance of crops is the maximum salt level a crop tolerates without losing its productivity while it is affected negatively at higher levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salt Farm Texel, a Dutch-based research company has identified various crops that have considerable amount of salt tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Presently a considerable amount of research is undertaken to develop agricultural crops with a higher salt tolerance to enhance crop cultivation in salinity stricken regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings reveal the positive role and key molecular mechanism of HvHMT2 in drought tolerance in plants , providing a valuable gene not only for breeding drought -tolerant barley cultivars but also for facilitating breeding schemes in other crops in a changing global climate . (bvsalud.org)
  • "We were particularly surprised by the latter, since piperine is supposed to significantly increase the bioavailability of curcumin according to the results of other studies," ​ comments Lang, who now heads the Biosystems Chemistry & Human Metabolism research group at the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology (LSB). (nutraingredients.com)
  • Under cold stress, D. versiformis inoculation did not change the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots, whereas P. indica inoculation significantly increased the activity of CAT in roots and POD in leaves only. (techscience.com)
  • In addition, inoculation of two mycorrhizal fungi under cold stress significantly increased the relative expression levels of PtPOD and PtF-SOD in leaves, P. indica up-regulated the expression levels of PtCu/Zn-SOD in leaves, and D. versiformis also induced the expression levels of PtMn-SOD and PtCAT1 in leaves. (techscience.com)
  • In addition to the increasing extent of primary salinization due to climate change, secondary salinization caused by human interventions is also a significantly increasing problem, therefore, the development of various chemical-free, biological desalination and removal procedures will become increasingly important. (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, the two species differed significantly in tolerance towards the non-essential. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, the two species differed significantly in tolerance towards the non-essential metals, Ag (three-fold higher in T. baltica), Pb and Cd (two and three-fold higher in S. marinoi). (lu.se)
  • Future research programs can be focused on the development of transgenic plants with enhanced stress tolerance in field conditions based upon the outcome of genomic approaches and knowing the mystery of nucleotides sequences hidden in cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Results Both trials in prediabetic and diabetic mice revealed that peroral administration of live FPZ or extracts from FPZ lowered fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance compared with control mice. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions The trial results have shown that treatment with different formulations of FPZ result in lower blood glucose levels, lower percent HbA1c, and improved glucose response in mice compared with control prediabetic/diabetic mice. (bmj.com)
  • This study demonstrates that administering strains of the commensal F. prausnitzii or its extracts reduces fasting blood glucose, improves glucose response, and lowers percent HbA1c in prediabetic and diabetic mice without triggering hypoglycemia in mice with normal blood glucose levels. (bmj.com)
  • Fu X, Khan E, Hu S, Fan Q, Liu J (2011) Overexpression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Atriplex hortensis enhances salt tolerance in the transgenic trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (springer.com)
  • Overexpression of HvHMT2 promoted HMT synthesis and efficiency of the SAM cycle, leading to enhanced drought tolerance in barley through increased endogenous spermine and less oxidative damage and growth inhibition, thus improving water status and final yield. (bvsalud.org)
  • Drought and cold tolerance has been improved within the Lolium / Festuca species complex. (forageresearch.in)
  • Working on the metabolism of plants under different abiotic stresses, Dr. Khan has found a significant role of phytohormones in the regulation of plant growth and development and have suggested that phytohormones play an important in controlling stress responses and interacts in coordination with each other for defense signal networking to fine tune tolerance mechanisms. (routledge.com)
  • Moreover, transgenic lines were more tolerant to saline stress and presented a greener phenotype with increased chlorophyll content in leaf discs compared to WT plants. (springer.com)
  • Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
  • Bartels D, Sunkar R (2005) Drought and salt tolerance in plants. (springer.com)
  • Cervera M, Ortega C, Navarro A, Navarro L, Peña L (2000) Generation of transgenic citrus plants with the tolerance-to-salinity gene HAL2 from yeast. (springer.com)
  • Dou H, Xv K, Meng Q, Li G, Yang X (2015) Potato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high-temperature stress. (springer.com)
  • This increases leaf area, allowing for more photosynthesis, the process by which plants make carbohydrates that they store to help them survive stresses like drought. (ufl.edu)
  • 2. Improving tolerance to iron deficiency in soybean plants through manipulations of nitric oxide (NO) and the cellular redox state Based on previous reports in other species suggesting that NO (Graziano, 2002) and reduced redox state (Ramirez et al. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • Thus, adequate management of Cl- nutrition arises as a potential strategy to increase the ability of plants to withstand water deficit. (us.es)
  • Improved knowledge of halophytes is important in understanding our natural world and enabling the use of these fascinating plants in land re-vegetation. (botany.one)
  • The differences in the level of freezing tolerance between non-hardy and hardy alfalfa cultivars was found to be related to the capacity of the plants to accumulate raffinose and stachyose in their roots and crowns other than the capacity to accumulate sucrose earlier than non-dormant plants. (forageresearch.in)
  • Proline content in alfalfa leaves and roots increased dramatically when plants were subjected to drought and two genes controlling the transcriptional regulation of key proline cycle enzymes in alfalfa have been identified and cloned. (forageresearch.in)
  • Enhanced drought tolerance in cowpea is accompanied with (i) better water- use efficiency and tolerance to water -deficiency and extreme heat conditions, (ii) better recovery of plants after drought is removed i.e., on re-watering. (forageresearch.in)
  • Salt stress manifestation on plants, mechanism of salt tolerance and potassium role in alleviating it: a review. (innspub.net)
  • Screening plants for salt tolerance by measuring K+ flux: a case study for barley. (innspub.net)
  • Risk tolerance in the industry has to reach zero, John T. Rynd, Hercules Offshore, concluded at the 2012 IADC Lifting and Mechanical Handling Conference & Exhibition on 18 July in Lafayette, La. He noted that the industry has already made great efforts in reducing incident rates, but to continue to improve, industry must have zero tolerance for risks. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • The Hill ) - IBM confirmed to The Hill it is pulling advertisements from X, the platform formerly known as Twitter Thursday, citing "'zero tolerance for hate speech. (wjbf.com)
  • IBM has zero tolerance for hate speech and discrimination and we have immediately suspended all advertising on X while we investigate this entirely unacceptable situation," IBM told the Financial Times. (wjbf.com)
  • Despite concern from South African civil society groups, businesses and legal experts, the Department of Transport intends to introduce a zero-tolerance drunk driving regulation in the upcoming National Road Traffic Amendment Bill. (bizcommunity.com)
  • This zero-tolerance amendment, combined with the new demerit system for drivers under the Administrative Adjudication of Road Traffic Offences (Aarto), could see motorists penalised with up to six demerit points for a positive breathalyser result. (bizcommunity.com)
  • Conventional breeding for water deficit tolerance has had and continues to have success, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. (scirp.org)
  • The results showed that Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth during water deficit. (us.es)
  • Drought resistance promoted by Cl- nutrition resulted from the simultaneous occurrence of water deficit avoidance and tolerance mechanisms, which improved leaf turgor, water balance, photosynthesis performance, and WUE. (us.es)
  • Researchers at the ASU School of Life Sciences may have found a way to improve crop performance and yield with the help of some new biotechnology. (lifeboat.com)
  • Ultra-early spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) planting systems based on soil temperature on the northern Great Plains have lower overall variability in grain yield, and can increase grain yield relative to current calendar date-based spring wheat planting systems used in the region. (bioone.org)
  • Improving growth and yield of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) by foliar application of potassium hydroxide (KOH) under salt stress. (innspub.net)
  • There are some simple management practices that can help improve the drought tolerance of whatever turfgrass species you have on your home lawn. (ufl.edu)
  • These metabolic events have been linked to IDC tolerance in other species. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • Wide hybridization with relative species followed by chromosome and / or chromosome fragment introgression has been considered an efficient way to transfer drought, salt and other stress tolerance gene(s) to the target species to widen the gene pool. (forageresearch.in)
  • Genes encoding homocysteine methyltransferase (HMT) have been identified in some plant species in response to abiotic stress , but its molecular mechanism in plant drought tolerance remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Application of exogenous spermine reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was increased by exogenous mitoguazone (inhibitor of spermine biosynthesis ), consistent with the association of HvHMT2-mediated spermine metabolism and ROS scavenging in drought adaptation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study we tested how metal tolerance differs among marine diatoms at three organizational levels: species, populations, and strains. (lu.se)
  • We found that the between-species differences in tolerance (EC50) to the biologically active metals (Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn) was similar to that within-species. (lu.se)
  • Thus, targeting the molecular mechanisms correlated with drought tolerance without reducing productivity is a challenge for plant breeding. (scirp.org)
  • Taken together, these results indicate that melatonin improves salt tolerance in rice by enabling K + retention in roots, and that the latter process is conferred by melatonin scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and a concurrent OsRBOHF-dependent ROS signalling required to activate stress-responsive genes and increase the expression of K + uptake transporters in the root tip. (edu.au)
  • A proximal action of metolazone has been shown in humans by increased excretion of phosphate and magnesium ions and by a markedly increased fractional excretion of sodium in patients with severely compromised glomerular filtration. (nih.gov)
  • alcohol may decrease endogenous glucose production (increased hypoglycemia risk) or worsen glycemic control by adding calories. (medscape.com)
  • The EE of GmNAC20 improves the salt and freezing tolerance and promotes the lateral root formation in Arabidopsis . (frontiersin.org)
  • Salt tolerance is of importance in irrigated lands in (semi)arid regions where the soil salinity problem can be extensive as a result of the salinization occurring here. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 20 years later Maas and Hoffman published the results of an extensive study on salt tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrophysiological experiments revealed that melatonin decreased salt-induced K + efflux (a critical determinant of plant salt tolerance) in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced sensitivity of the plasma membrane K + -permeable channels to hydroxyl radicals. (edu.au)
  • The most noticeable changes in the root tip were melatonin-induced increase in the expression of several DEGs encoding respiratory burst NADPH oxidases (OsRBOHA and OsRBOHF), calcineurin B-like/calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase (OsCBL/OsCIPK), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (OsCDPK) under salt stress. (edu.au)
  • Screening of maize hybrids for salt tolerance at seedling stage under hydroponic condition. (innspub.net)
  • Furthermore, the ectopic expression (EE) of CmNAC1 in Arabidopsis led to ABA hypersensitivity and enhanced tolerance to salinity, drought and cold stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • The integration of AtDREB2A-CA into the cotton genome increased total root volume, surface area and total root length, without negatively affecting shoot morphometric growth parameters and nor phenotypic evaluated traits. (scirp.org)
  • Both types of drought tolerance are dominant traits controlled by a single dominant gene Rds1 and Rds2 respectively. (forageresearch.in)
  • What are the risks of drug tolerance? (healthline.com)
  • Detoxification on its own, without medications for opioid use disorder, is not recommended for opioid use disorder because of increased risks for resuming drug use, overdose, and overdose death. (cdc.gov)
  • Newswise - BOSTON - (February 11, 2019) - It's well-known that exercise improves health, but understanding how it makes you healthier on a molecular level is the question researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center are answering. (newswise.com)
  • FPZ is a promising candidate as an orally administered probiotic or postbiotic to manage and improve pre-diabetes and T2D. (bmj.com)
  • Glucose tolerance tests are also used to diagnose diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Abnormal glucose tolerance (blood sugar goes too high during the glucose challenge) is an earlier sign of diabetes than an abnormal fasting glucose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It means you are at increased risk of developing diabetes over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The prevalence of diabetes and overweight (one of the major risk factors for diabetes) continues to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Received: 14 Nov. 2022 improving self-management of type 2 diabetes, especially in a South African context. (who.int)
  • And everywhere it's added, compost is also doing great things to feed my soil and improve growing conditions. (growingagreenerworld.com)
  • They produce byproducts that are beneficial to other soil dwelling creatures while improving soil texture and structure. (growingagreenerworld.com)
  • It's the single best thing you can do for improving the health of your soil. (growingagreenerworld.com)
  • HvHMT2 expression was strongly induced by drought stress in tolerant genotypes in a natural Tibetan wild barley population and contributed to drought tolerance through S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism . (bvsalud.org)
  • Various traditional and molecular genetics approaches have been applied to improve drought tolerance. (scirp.org)
  • Conventional and genetic engineering approaches have been used to improve stress tolerance of forage grasses and legumes. (forageresearch.in)
  • We then performed genetic transformation coupled with physio-biochemical dissection and comparative multiomics approaches to determine the function of this protein and the underlying mechanism of HvHMT2-mediated drought tolerance . (bvsalud.org)
  • A 2012 study suggests that watching a comedy can influence pain tolerance. (psychcentral.com)
  • However, pain tolerance at 20µg of LSD was similar to what 20 mg of commonly used painkillers like oxycodone or morphine could bring about. (theswaddle.com)
  • The primary objective of improving drought tolerance is to grow a good-quality lawn that will survive drought with little or no supplemental irrigation (watering by hose or sprinkler system). (ufl.edu)
  • The objective of any pain care strategy is to safely reduce pain and increase your ability to do everyday activities. (cdc.gov)
  • It's known that fat cells secrete proteins called adipokines, and that many adipokines increase with obesity, having harmful effects on metabolism and health. (newswise.com)
  • In contrast to the negative effects of many adipokines, our study identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) as an adipokine released from adipose tissue (fat) in response to exercise that actually improves glucose tolerance," says Laurie J. Goodyear, PhD, Head of Joslin's Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and study co-author. (newswise.com)
  • Not only did exercise-stimulated TGF-beta 2 improve glucose tolerance, treating obese mice with TGF beta 2 lowered blood lipid levels and improved many other aspects of metabolism. (newswise.com)
  • It is commonly used to enhance mental alertness and performance, increase metabolism, and reduce fatigue. (caffeineaddictionhelp.com)
  • Barley HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 confers drought tolerance by improving polyamine metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • The experiment showed a number of positive metabolic effects in the mice, including improved glucose tolerance and increased fatty acid uptake. (newswise.com)
  • There are genetic and behavioral elements involved with tolerance. (healthline.com)
  • When supplied in a beneficial range of 1-5 mM, Cl- increases leaf cell size, improves leaf osmoregulation, and reduces water consumption without impairing photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in overall higher WUE. (us.es)
  • With certain classes of drugs, like opioids , tolerance can increase the risk of dependence, addiction, and overdose. (healthline.com)
  • For example, higher doses of opioids can increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder in some people. (healthline.com)
  • Treatment with opioids for pain is associated with increased risk for OUD, particularly if opioids are prescribed for more than 90 days. (cdc.gov)
  • An individual's risk tolerance level can be affected by several factors, Mr Rynd explained, such as how a person was raised and his or her religion. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • Further, risk tolerance may be the product of complacency, lack of awareness or, simply, the individual's personality, i.e. seeking the thrill of going up on the crown or taking a riding belt up to the monkeyboard, he said. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • Risk tolerance also relates to a person's integrity on the job. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • Mr Rynd believes that because industry tends to applaud the speed with which a job is completed, integrity and risk tolerance can be compromised. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • Although addressing an individual's risk tolerance level is vital, the entire rig crew should also be trained to recognize risk. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • Hercules Offshore already uses a training video to visually explore the issue of risk tolerance, but Mr Rynd encourages the industry to come together on the issue. (drillingcontractor.org)
  • When your body develops tolerance, using higher doses increases the risk of overdose. (healthline.com)
  • Heat stress can lead to unrelieved heat strain, which in turn can increase the risk for HRIs. (cdc.gov)
  • All of these factors can place construction workers at an increased risk for HRIs. (cdc.gov)
  • Tolerance to IDC will be assessed in soybean commercial varieties, and their growth behaviour to insufficient iron conditions will be examined in relation to their ability to accumulate nitric oxide and alter the cellular redox state. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • Based on these results, strategies to ameliorate IDC tolerance in susceptible varieties will be developed by exogenous applications of compounds modulating the level of nitric oxide or altering the cellular redox state. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • When tolerance develops, doctors have to find new ways to effectively manage symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • The results, researchers say, suggest that modulating when, rather than what, a patient eats can improve glucose control. (integrativepractitioner.com)
  • Multidrug tolerance results from drug-induced parasites (ring-stage parasites) to arrest their cell cycle and quiescence, which enables parasites to survive exposure enter a quiescence state ( 9,10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The increased delivery of sodium to the distal tubular exchange site results in increased potassium excretion. (nih.gov)
  • Heat stress is the combination of a worker's exposure to heat from physical activity, environmental factors, and their clothing which results in an increase in the body's heat storage, known as the net heat load [NIOSH 2016]. (cdc.gov)
  • Look for a fertilizer with a high potassium level (the third number on the bag) as this can help to enhance drought tolerance. (ufl.edu)
  • Drought is a major environmental factor limiting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity worldwide and projected climate changes could increase their negative effects in the future. (scirp.org)
  • They've discovered a method to enhance a plant's tolerance to stress, which could help them survive inclement conditions and still produce food. (lifeboat.com)
  • A link was found between drought tolerance and enhanced deeper root growth under water limiting conditions in tall fescue and alfalfa. (forageresearch.in)
  • 0% alcohol tolerance law: Will it reduce unsafe driving behaviour? (bizcommunity.com)
  • With a zero-level alcohol tolerance, bribery becomes so much easier and enticing for officers. (bizcommunity.com)
  • For instance, in certain cases, alcohol can cause cross-tolerance to other drugs, like diazepam or valium. (healthline.com)
  • By blocking adenosine, caffeine increases the activity of other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which can enhance mood and cognitive function. (caffeineaddictionhelp.com)
  • It involves changes in brain activity: Neurotransmitters like dopamine are repeatedly triggered and increase drug cravings. (healthline.com)
  • 2002). Based on these studies it is anticipated that phytoglobin will influence IDC either through scavenging of NO or increased production of antioxidants. (manitobapulse.ca)
  • Identification of OUD represents an opportunity for clinicians to initiate potentially life-saving interventions, and it is important for clinicians to collaborate with the patient regarding their safety to increase the likelihood of successful treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Participants showed an increase in the amount of pain they could bear, but only at the 20µg dose, which was the largest of the microdoses chosen. (theswaddle.com)
  • If your body has developed a tolerance to a medication you're taking, it means the medication at your current dose has stopped working as effectively as it once did. (healthline.com)
  • Your doctor may need to increase the dose, change the regimen, or in some cases, prescribe a different medication. (healthline.com)
  • We argue that such an approach is essential to enable comparison of population or strain differences in tolerance using dose-response tests on cultures of microalgae. (lu.se)
  • Yet, with statistical methods, it is possible to detect the tolerance level from field data. (wikipedia.org)
  • For field data with random variation the tolerance level can be found with segmented regression. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does not provide a sharp tolerance level. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, the tolerance level (breakpoint, threshold) is larger (4.9 dS/m) than according to the Maas-Hoffman model (3.3 dS/m, see the second figure above with the same data). (wikipedia.org)
  • At the population level, we found evidence that increased tolerance against Cu and Co (17 and 41 % higher EC50 on average, respectively) had evolved in a S. marinoi population subjected to historical mining activity. (lu.se)