Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution and relative abundances of trace metal isotopes in order to better understand the biological, geological, and chemical processes occurring in an environment. (wikipedia.org)
Both stable and radioactive isotopes of trace metals exist, but this article focuses on those that are stable. (wikipedia.org)
In order to study trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry, it is necessary to compare the relative abundances of isotopes of trace metals in a given biological, geological, or chemical pool to a standard (discussed individually for each isotope system below) and monitor how those relative abundances change as a result of various biogeochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
Stable isotope ratios of trace metals can be used to answer a variety of questions spanning diverse fields, including oceanography, geochemistry, biology, medicine, anthropology and astronomy. (wikipedia.org)
Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry is still an emerging field, yet each trace metal isotope system has clear, powerful applications to diverse and important questions. (wikipedia.org)
We suggest that stable isotopic tracers, which have been used widely in the earth sciences and in metabolic and other health-related studies for several decades, could be used to address many of these issues. (nih.gov)
One such example we are pursuing is the use of stable isotopes to monitor dermal absorption of zinc and titanium oxides in sunscreen preparations and other personal care products. (nih.gov)
We suggest that many of the concerns outlined above can be addressed with the approach of isotopic tracing, whereby a stable isotope of the element of interest is incorporated into the product, allowing any transfer to be easily detected using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high resolution ICP-MS, multi-collector ICP-MS, or thermal ionization MS (TIMS). (nih.gov)
Global-scale compilations of stable isotope data combined with biogeochemical modelling generate hypotheses regarding animal behaviours that can be tested with other methodological approaches. (nature.com)
In this study, we compared different combinations of four stable isotope ratios and 15 trace elements derived from the claw tips of captive wood turtles throughout the eastern U.S. and wild wood turtles ( Glyptemys insculpta ) from Maine to develop predictive models used to determine their origins. (mdpi.com)
Stable isotope 13C labeling is an important tool to analyze cellular metabolic flux. (biomed.news)
However, in addition to carbon, other elements such as oxygen in the nature also have natural stable isotopes (e.g., 17O, 18O). (biomed.news)
The method was established based on the stable isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (ID-LC-MS/MS) technique. (biomed.news)
2 H 2 16 O, 1 H 2 18 O, 3 H 2 17 O are some examples of the molecules that comprise water, which in its most common form is 1 H 2 16 O. Of the six isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in Table 3.1, five are stable and one, 3 H, known as tritium, is radioactive, with a half-life of 12.3 years. (gw-project.org)
Hydrogen2
For a more complete description of these notations, see the isotope notation section in Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
The atomic nature of the hydrogen isotopes is illustrated in Figure 3.1. (gw-project.org)
Ratios2
In nature, variations in isotopic ratios of trace metals on the order of a few tenths to several ‰ are observed within and across diverse environments spanning the geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. (wikipedia.org)
In sediments, oceans, and rivers, distinct trace metal isotope ratios exist due to biological processes such as metal ion uptake and abiotic processes such as adsorption to particulate matter that preferentially remove certain isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
Biogeochemical2
Furthermore, as different biogeochemical processes vary the relative abundances of the isotopes of a given trace metal, different reaction pools or substances will become enriched or depleted in specific isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their modern applications, trace metal isotopic compositions can provide insight into ancient biogeochemical processes operated on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
Magnesium2
Trace metals are elements such as iron, magnesium, copper, and zinc that occur at low levels in the environment. (wikipedia.org)
Further, phytate also binds zinc, iron, and magnesium, thereby interfering with their assimilation and incorporation into our cells. (thepaleodiet.com)
Measurement1
In this paper, we proposed a method for construction of correction matrix based on Python language for correcting the measurement errors due to natural isotope distribution. (biomed.news)
Uptake1
The trace metal isotopic composition of a given organism results from a combination of the isotopic compositions of source material (i.e., food and water) and any fractionations imparted during metal ion uptake, translocation and processing inside cells. (wikipedia.org)
Protein1
The zinc finger protein ZFP36L2 has been shown by the inventors to play an essential role in hematopoiesis, a process that is dysregulated in hematological cancers, anemia, and other conditions. (nih.gov)
Differences1
Additionally, at high temperatures, metals ions can evaporate (and subsequently condense upon cooling), and the relative differences in isotope masses of a given heavy metal leads to fractionation during these evaporation and condensation processes. (wikipedia.org)
Trace4
Isotopic variations of trace metals in samples are used as isotopic fingerprints to elucidate the processes occurring in an environment and answer questions relating to biology, geochemistry, and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
A complete understanding of all processes that fractionate trace metal isotopes is presently lacking, but in general, isotopes of trace metals are fractionated during various chemical and biological processes due to kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects. (wikipedia.org)
These signatures arise because the processes that form and modify samples are recorded in the trace metal isotopic compositions of the samples. (wikipedia.org)
By analyzing and understanding trace metal isotopic compositions in biological, chemical or geological materials, one can answer questions such as the sources of nutrients for phytoplankton in the ocean, processes that drove the formation of geologic structures, the diets of modern or ancient organisms, and accretionary processes that took place in the early Solar System. (wikipedia.org)
There is little scientific evidence to show that people eating a lifelong plant-based diet can achieve adequate dietary intakes of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B6 and taurine, an amino acid (without taking supplements or eating fortified foods). (thepaleodiet.com)
Relative1
Table 1 Some products used in nanotechnology and their natural relative isotopic abundances. (nih.gov)
Iron3
This is why it is difficult or impossible for vegetarians and vegans to maintain adequate body stores of calcium, zinc, and iron. (thepaleodiet.com)
Your body stores of iron run hand-in-hand with zinc. (thepaleodiet.com)
The same types of diets that produce zinc deficiencies - high phytate vegetarian diets based upon whole grains, beans, soy and other legumes - also create iron deficiencies 5, 135 which are the most common nutrient deficits worldwide. (thepaleodiet.com)
Provide1
In this book, however, we will be concerned only with the isotopes that provide useful hydrological or geochemical information. (gw-project.org)
Mass2
Diffusion of isotopes through a solution or material can also result in fractionations, as the lighter mass isotopes are able to diffuse at a faster rate. (wikipedia.org)
This makes the isotopic information of elements other than the 13C marker interspersed in the isotopic distribution measured by the mass spectrometry, especially that of the molecules containing many other elements, which leads to large errors. (biomed.news)
System1
Marginal zinc status impairs our immune system, slows wound healing, adversely affects glucose and insulin metabolism, and damages our body's built-in antioxidant system. (thepaleodiet.com)
Include1
Conventional notations used to mathematically describe isotope abundances, as exemplified here for 56Fe, include the isotope ratio (56R), fractional abundance (56F) and delta notation (δ56Fe). (wikipedia.org)