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Inclusion BodiesInclusion Bodies, ViralIntranuclear Inclusion BodiesAdenoviridae InfectionsVaricellovirusHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesviridaeEncephalitisMyositis, Inclusion BodyEncephalitis, ViralEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseMicroscopy, ElectronLimbic EncephalitisEncephalitis, ArbovirusEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis, Herpes SimplexMuscular Dystrophy, OculopharyngealEncephalitis, St. LouisEncephalitis VirusesTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionEncephalitis Virus, St. LouisPsittaciformesHuntington DiseaseJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesMachado-Joseph DiseaseFragile X SyndromeBrainParakeetsCell NucleusEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineNerve Tissue ProteinsUbiquitinAtaxiaEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineBird DiseasesTremorNeuronsEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineFragile X Mental Retardation ProteinSpinocerebellar DegenerationsMonkey DiseasesGene Knock-In TechniquesAnti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisNuclear ProteinsPeptidesImmunohistochemistryFatal OutcomeEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyEncephalomyelitis, EquinePneumonia, ViralEncephalitis, CaliforniaLead PoisoningCytopathogenic Effect, ViralSpinocerebellar AtaxiasProtein RefoldingTrinucleotide RepeatsProtein RenaturationEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseMutationFlavivirusEscherichia coliDisease Models, AnimalDog DiseasesAntigens, ViralMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionProtein FoldingFluorescent Antibody TechniqueCytoplasmMolecular Sequence DataLeadRecombinant ProteinsHaplorhiniDementiaCell LineMice, TransgenicDNA, ViralCytomegalovirus InfectionsToxoplasmosis, CerebralFlavivirus InfectionsNecrosisMyositisAntibodies, ViralOsteitis DeformansWest Nile virusSolubilityWest Nile FeverCulicidaeAmino Acid SequenceEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquineAviadenovirusKidneyDistal MyopathiesLungHorse DiseasesCells, CulturedCulexAmebiasisDogsBase Sequence

Acute viral encephalitisEosinophilicIntracytoplasmicLesionsManifestations2021MeningoencephalitisBrainSevereDescribeGeneticVirusInfectionCommonSkinPresentEosinophilic intranuclearViral encephalitisEpithelial cellsVariegated Squirrel BornavirusNeuronalInfectionAcuteFatalPleocytosisCoagulationCharacteristicClinicalCommonlyDiagnosisLaboratorySyndromeCellsAntibodiesDiseasePatientsGroupChildrenHumanEvidenceCondition

Acute viral encephalitis1

• In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)

Eosinophilic2

• E) Intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion body resembling a bornavirus-like Joest-Degen body (arrow). (cdc.gov)
• A skin biopsy revealed eosinophilic spherical inclusion bodies in the nuclei of small sweat gland cells, fibroblasts and fat cells, whilst immunohistochemistry revealed that p62 and ubiquitin antibodies were positive. (unboundmedicine.com)

Intracytoplasmic1

• Short-lived, large, refractile cells that frequently contained intranuclear and/or intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were documented. (wikipedia.org)

Lesions5

• Histopathology of one dog showed a mild, multifocal, chronic, lymphocytic encephalitis with lesions consistent with viral infection. (tamu.edu)
• Histologically, pseudorabies lesions are characterized by non-suppurative inflammation with intranuclear herpesvirus-type viral inclusion bodies (Figure 1). (tamu.edu)
• This neonate with AIDS also has disseminated HSV-2 infection with lesions covering the entire body. (msdmanuals.com)
• Oral and skin lesions were the result of necrotizing vasculitis that was associated with endothelial intranuclear viral inclusions. (vin.com)
• viral inclusion bodies were not identified in these lesions. (vin.com)

Manifestations2

• Additionally, HHV-6B reactivation is common in transplant recipients, which can cause several clinical manifestations such as encephalitis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. (wikipedia.org)
• Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease, the clinical manifestations of which are complex and easily misdiagnosed. (unboundmedicine.com)

20211

• BACKGROUND: In 2021, four patients who had received solid organ transplants in the USA developed encephalitis beginning 2-6 weeks after transplantation from a common organ donor. (cdc.gov)

Meningoencephalitis1

• however, most CNS viral infections involve the meninges to a greater or lesser extent, leading to aseptic meningitis or causing mild meningoencephalitis rather than pure encephalitis. (medscape.com)

Brain1

• Immunohistochemical and histologic slides of brain of patient who died of limbic encephalitis caused by variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), Germany, 2013. (cdc.gov)

Severe1

• Common severe infections include encephalitis. (msdmanuals.com)

Describe1

• We describe an investigation into the cause of encephalitis in these patients. (cdc.gov)

Genetic1

• Most commonly, clinically relevant viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients, but the spectrum of involvement depends on the specific viral agent, host immune status, and genetic and environmental factors. (medscape.com)

Virus6

• In infected cells, due to the influence of the virus, intranuclear inclusions and giant cells are formed. (anti-viral-meds.com)
• The virus can not be killed until the end, it stays in the body all life, because of which from time to time there are repetitions of the disease. (anti-viral-meds.com)
• A minor skin abrasion can allow the HSV virus to infiltrate the body and cause an infection after mouth-to-skin contact. (doctor-dr.com)
• The virus is thought to enter the body via the respiratory or oral route. (medscape.com)
• Cytologic evaluation: Intranuclear inclusions often exist in cells infected with a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus. (medscape.com)
• Cytoplasmic inclusions usually are present in cells infected with a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. (medscape.com)

Infection1

• Infection enters the body of the child through damaged mucous membranes and injured skin. (anti-viral-meds.com)

Common1

• This article is a general overview of the most common viral encephalitides and provides details about general workup and treatment for these important conditions. (medscape.com)

Skin2

• One group has encephalitis manifested by neurologic findings, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and elevated protein concentration, with or without concomitant involvement of the skin, eyes, and mouth. (msdmanuals.com)
• Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Present1

• Clusters of vesicles on an erythematous base are characteristic and may be present on almost any part of the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Eosinophilic intranuclear2

• The encephalitis is characterized by an increased density of cells in the neuropil of the brain and the presence of dead neurons (arrowheads), which lack nuclei and have hypereosinophilic cytoplasm ( A ). In these areas, there are cuffs of mononuclear cells around blood vessels ( B ). Some of the affected neurons have eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, which are characteristic for herpesvirus infection ( C ). (biomedcentral.com)
• Within the nucleus of macrophages (including multinucleated macrophages phagocytizing trophozoites) adjacent to and within the most severely affected regions of the lung, there are one to multiple prominent brightly eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions that peripheralize the chromatin. (askjpc.org)

Viral encephalitis5

• Most commonly, clinically relevant viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients, but the spectrum of involvement depends on the specific viral agent, host immune status, and genetic and environmental factors. (medscape.com)
• In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
• During epidemics, viral encephalitis is diagnosed readily on clinical grounds. (medscape.com)
• However, sporadic cases of viral encephalitis are often difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses (eg, gastroenteritis with dehydration and convulsions) or from intoxication. (medscape.com)
• Although specific treatment for most causes of viral encephalitis is still not available, establishing the final diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary treatments with potential side effects. (medscape.com)

Epithelial cells2

• A skin scraping of the lesion may reveal histologic appearances characteristic of herpesvirus infection, such as multinucleated giant cells and epithelial cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies. (medscape.com)
• Intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in corneal epithelial cells and in motor ganglion cells of the brain similar to those observed in rabbits injected with known strains of herpes virus. (silverchair.com)

Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus2

• Immunohistochemical and histologic slides of brain of patient who died of limbic encephalitis caused by variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), Germany, 2013. (cdc.gov)
• Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain throughout the course of the disease in patient who died of limbic encephalitis caused by variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), Germany, 2013. (nih.gov)

Neuronal3

• 2020) Phenotypic bases of NOTCH2NLC GGC expansion positive neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease in a Southeast Asian cohort. (nni.com.sg)
• 2019) Identifying patients with neuronal intranucalear inclusion disease (NIID) in Singapore using characteristic diffusion-weighted MR images. (nni.com.sg)
• Sone J, Nakamura T, Koike H, Katsuno M, Tanaka F, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida M, Sobue G. Reply: Neuronal intranuclear (hyaline) inclusion disease and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: a morphological and molecular dilemma. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)

Infection4

• This neonate with AIDS also has disseminated HSV-2 infection with lesions covering the entire body. (msdmanuals.com)
• Unfortunately, the response is imperfect, and latent reservoirs of HIV infection become established throughout the body. (medscape.com)
• The diagnosis is made clinically and can be confirmed with culture data (targeting possible primary infection Primary infection Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 sites) and biopsy Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. (lecturio.com)
• It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (doctorinternet.com)

Acute1

• 3. An acute encephalitis-like syndrome of short duration and without sequelae developed in a group of patients with severe herpes following fever therapy. (silverchair.com)

Fatal2

• The virus had been discovered in 2015 as the cause of a cluster of cases of fatal encephalitis among breeders of variegated squirrels (Sciurus variegatoides) in eastern Germany. (nih.gov)
• 4. A filter-passing virus, recovered from herpetic vesicles on patients treated with artificially induced fever, produced a fatal encephalitis in rabbits when inoculated intracerebrally and by corneal scarification. (silverchair.com)

Pleocytosis2

• Persistent neutrophilic pleocytosis can occur in patients with West Nile encephalitis (WNE). (medscape.com)
• One group has encephalitis manifested by neurologic findings, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and elevated protein concentration, with or without concomitant involvement of the skin, eyes, and mouth. (msdmanuals.com)

Coagulation1

• Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Characteristic1

• Clusters of vesicles on an erythematous base are characteristic and may be present on almost any part of the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Clinical1

• Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with biopsy-proven herpes simplex virus encephalitis and in those with other proven diseases has a sensitivity of greater than 95% and a specificity that approaches 100% at the time of clinical presentation. (medscape.com)

Commonly1

• Limbic encephalitis is commonly regarded as an autoimmune-mediated disease. (nih.gov)

Diagnosis4

• Because ME/Cs have expertise in disease surveillance, diagnosis, deceased body handling, and evidence collection, they serve a vital role in terrorism preparedness and response. (cdc.gov)
• Reliance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to make the diagnosis of encephalitis or to distinguish among the different viral etiologies is usually not advisable. (medscape.com)
• Currently, IgM and immunoglobulin G (IgG) capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the most useful and most widely used tests for the diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis. (medscape.com)
• Following analysis of data extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, Gaensbauer et al reported that strategies for diagnosis and empirical treatment of suspected HSV encephalitis beyond the neonatal period have trended toward the approach common for neonates without evidence of an increase in disease incidence. (medscape.com)

Laboratory1

• Placed in Level 4 based on the close antigenic relationship with a known Level 4 agent, Russian spring-summer encephalitis, plus insufficient laboratory experience. (cdc.gov)

Syndrome1

• toxin-mediated skin damage due to production of a microbial toxin at another site in the body (e.g. scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome). (schoolbag.info)

Cells2

• Short-lived, large, refractile cells that frequently contained intranuclear and/or intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were documented. (wikipedia.org)
• Mononuclear cells usually predominate, though early in fulminant encephalitis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominate. (medscape.com)

Antibodies1

• Some causes of encephalitis can be diagnosed by detecting serum IgM antibodies (varicella and arboviruses). (medscape.com)

Disease1

• Inclusion on this list does not serve as official recognition by the NIH that a disease is rare. (blogspot.com)

Patients1

• All patients with encephalitis should have blood cultures to rule out bacterial and fungal infections. (medscape.com)

Group1

• Hyperactive children were compared with a nonhyperactive control group on two measures that reflect the presence of body lead and on a lead exposure questionnaire. (nih.gov)

Children1

• The overall hypothesis that was tested was that a relationship exists between hyperactivity in children and a concommitant condition of increased body lead stores. (nih.gov)

Human1

• Definition: A dead body, usually a human body. (doctorinternet.com)

Evidence1

• There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that this measurement reflects recent and current assimilation of lead. (nih.gov)

Condition2

• C54027 2688 PATIENT PROBLEM/MEDICAL PROBLEM FDA C54450 Patient Problem Codes FDA CDRH C25742 3193 PREGNANCY The state or condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body (uterus), after union of an ovum and spermatozoon, during the period from conception to birth. (nih.gov)
• The state or condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body (uterus), after union of an ovum and spermatozoon, during the period from conception to birth. (nih.gov)