Including microtubule dynamics regulation microtubule nucleation nucleation of microtubule. Medical search. Frequent questions

Plant cells lack centrosomes and instead utilize acentrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) to rapidly increase the number of microtubules at the onset of spindle assembly. (bvsalud.org)
Ori-McKenney, K. M., Jan, L. Y. & Jan, Y. N. Golgi outposts shape dendrite morphology by functioning as sites of acentrosomal microtubule nucleation in neurons. (nature.com)

Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeleton filaments. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
These phosphotyrosine motifs are essential for AFAP1L1-mediated cytoskeleton regulation. (nature.com)
Guidance cues activate signaling transduction pathways that, in turn, regulate the dynamics and organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. (biologists.com)
Cargo that can be delivered or by cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport mechanisms can include other proteins and complex components. (mechanobio.info)
Oscillatory dynamics of the cytoskeleton. (irb.hr)

Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule-organizing centres, such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies of cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in most fungi. (wikipedia.org)
During mitosis, microtubules in the spindle turn over continuously. (bvsalud.org)
At spindle poles, where microtubule minus ends are concentrated, microtubule nucleation and depolymerization, the latter required for poleward microtubule flux, happen side by side. (bvsalud.org)
We find that the spindle pole-localized kinesin-13 KIF2A is a microtubule minus-end depolymerase, in contrast to its paralog MCAK. (bvsalud.org)
Together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which a minimal protein module coordinates microtubule nucleation and depolymerization at spindle poles consistent with their role in poleward microtubule flux. (bvsalud.org)
Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
TPX2/ Aurora A binding is stimulated by the little GTPase Ran, which in turn is activated by RCC1, an exchange factor that is found on condensed chromatin and is involved with microtubule nucleation and spindle formation. (others-signal.com)
Cytoskeletal dynamics and spindle assembly during cell division. (irb.hr)

In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We find that when aggresomes are present, neuronal cells are unable to organise their microtubule network. (biorxiv.org)

According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. (biomedcentral.com)

The implications of those findings have influenced almost all further research of intracellular processes, including RAS signaling, immune synapses, DNA repair, transcriptional activation, and the functions of nuclear pores, the nucleolus and centrosomes. (hymanlab.org)

They develop in a juxtanuclear position, adjacent to the centrosome, the microtubule organizing centre of the cell, and share some protein components. (biorxiv.org)
We investigated whether the formation of aggresomes affected key centrosome functions: its ability to organize the microtubule network and to promote cilia formation. (biorxiv.org)
The juxtanuclear location of the aggresome is shared by the centrosome, the microtubule organising centre of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
The centrioles contain nine microtubule triplets and mature into a centrosome that is referred to as a basal body in the context of ciliogenesis [ 22 , 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins dynein and kinesin, microtubule-severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro assays for microtubule motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin are researched by fluorescently tagging a microtubule and fixing either the microtubule or motor proteins to a microscope slide, then visualizing the slide with video-enhanced microscopy to record the travel of the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This allows the movement of the motor proteins along the microtubule or the microtubule moving across the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Microtubules play an important role in a number of cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organelles, and intracellular macromolecular assemblies. (wikipedia.org)
Tubulin and microtubule-mediated processes, like cell locomotion, were seen by early microscopists, like Leeuwenhoek (1677). (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, some microtubule processes can be determined by kymograph. (wikipedia.org)
Although we have extensive knowledge of many important processes in cell biology, including information on many of the molecules involved and the physical interactions among them, we still do not understand most of the dynamical features that are the essence of living systems. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
While regulation of local water flux could contribute to these processes, the specific mechanisms by which these processes are mediated are not defined. (plos.org)
How these seemingly antagonistic processes of nucleation and depolymerization are coordinated is not understood. (bvsalud.org)

Recently an actin-like protein has been found in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which forms a microtubule-like structure called a nanotubule, involved in plasmid segregation. (wikipedia.org)
When centrosomes fail to recruit Î³-tubulin complexes, they still nucleate microtubules via the TOG domain protein Mini-spindles (Msps), but these microtubules have different dynamic properties. (bvsalud.org)
It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a well-characterized protein degradation system in cells whose dysfunction is implicated in many diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer 1,2 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Protein aggregates are the pathogenic hallmarks of many different neurodegenerative diseases and include the Lewy bodies found in Parkinson's disease. (biorxiv.org)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
K can From a variety of extracellular Ren stimuli Ren Ren signals such as growth factors, ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors, cytokines, and vitamin D3, the p85 subunit of regulation at the plasma membrane, such as catalytic subunit recruit p110 PI P2 4 5 PI converts 3.4, 5 P3. (microrna1.com)
Wischhof L, Adhikari A, Mondal M, Marsal-Cots A, Biernat J, Mandelkow EM , Mandelkow E , Ehninger D, Nicotera P, Bano D. Unbiased proteomic profiling reveals the IP3R modulator AHCYL1/IRBIT as a novel interactor of microtubule-associated protein tau. (neurotree.org)
In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos , mre1 , any1 , prc1-1 and rsw1 , and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein ( csi1) mutant pom2-4 . (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, we provide evidence that many cell types, including dopaminergic neurons, cannot form cilia when aggresomes are present, which would affect their ability to receive extracellular signals. (biorxiv.org)

The instability of MT dynamics depends heavily on mitotic kinesins, a class of molecular motors, which use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to translocate along the MT or control MT dynamics by facilitating MT polymerization and depolymerization at both ends. (biomedcentral.com)

To template these cilia, each MCC undergoes a process termed centriole amplification to produce hundreds of centrioles, barrel-shaped microtubule structures that form the base upon which cilia are assembled. (elifesciences.org)

Recent studies using improved Ub detection methods have confirmed that tubulin is ubiquitinated 9-11 , a modification which regulates α/β-tubulin turnover as well as MT dynamics and function. (cytoskeleton.com)

Despite their fundamental importance in the regulation of cell physiology, the basic mechanisms that control the coordinated dynamics of co-existing actin networks are poorly understood. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
De novo formation of an adherens junction (AJ) between single epithelial cells requires coordinated, spatial actin dynamics, but the mechanisms steering nascent actin polymerization for cell-cell adhesion initiation are not well understood. (rupress.org)

While microtubule elongation can occur at both the (+) and (−) ends, it is significantly more rapid at the (+) end. (wikipedia.org)
Actin, microtubules, and vimentin intermediate filaments cooperate for elongation of invadopodia. (nature.com)

Actin filaments and microtubules form such complex intricate networks in cells that it is difficult to identify the principles of their self-organization. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. (biomedcentral.com)

Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
PI3K class I, which is essential in the regulation of cell survival, metabolism, apoptosis and cell cycle of the heterodimeric class I molecules of a catalyst composition PI3Ks regulatory subunit and are classified in class IA or IB PI3K class. (microrna1.com)
The filamin family of proteins bind to both actin and a number of signaling molecules including Rho GTPases. (mechanobio.info)

These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)

AFAP1L1 intersects several invadopodia pathway components through its multiple domains and motifs, including the following (i) pleckstrin homology domains that bind phospholipids generated at the plasma membrane by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, (ii) a direct filamentous-actin binding domain and (iii) phospho-tyrosine motifs (pY136 and pY566) that specifically bind Vav2 and Nck2 SH2 domains, respectively. (nature.com)
However, cortical microtubules reside just under the plasma membrane, while cellulose microfibrils are synthesized by transmembrane CSCs [ 6 ], consisting of CESA subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
Even though the "alignment hypothesis" has been proposed decades ago, a mechanism explaining how cortical microtubules, located inside of the plasma membrane, control the orientation of cellulose microfibrils, outside of the protoplast, remained ambiguous. (biomedcentral.com)
The direct observation of CESA complexes sliding on the plasma membrane over the cortical microtubules [ 5 ] directly supported the model of Heath [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin into protofilaments that can then associate laterally to form a hollow tube, the microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of polymerized α- and β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
These α/β-tubulin dimers polymerize end-to-end into linear protofilaments that associate laterally to form a single microtubule, which can then be extended by the addition of more α/β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule nucleation is mediated by Î³-tubulin ring complexes (Î³-TuRCs). (bvsalud.org)
Due to its asymmetric activity, KIF2A still allows microtubule nucleation from the Î³-tubulin ring complex (Î³TuRC), which serves as a protective cap shielding the minus end against KIF2A binding. (bvsalud.org)
The pivotal structure of the primary cilia is a microtubule that is generated via tubulin polymerization reaction that occurs in the basal body. (biomedcentral.com)

Dysfunction of mitochondria and UPS increases with age and correlates with many age-related diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. (hindawi.com)

The cargos of autophagy are not limited to proteins and include dysfunctional or superfluous organelles. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we report that AQP5 promotes microtubule assembly and helps maintain the assembled microtubule steady state levels with slower turnover dynamics in cells . (plos.org)

Microtubules also regulate paracellular permeability. (plos.org)
Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)

This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)

Typically, microtubules are formed by the parallel association of thirteen protofilaments, although microtubules composed of fewer or more protofilaments have been observed in various species as well as in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro reconstituted systems will be used to control the actin nucleation patterns, the closed volume of the reaction chamber and the physical interaction of the networks. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Dynein is required for polarized dendritic transport and uniform microtubule orientation in axons. (sdbonline.org)

The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)

In contrast, the etiology of the remaining 95% cases of late-onset AD, often referred to as sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD), requires further investigation owing to the various factors involved in the pathology, including genetic and environmental exposures [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-mitotic drugs received considerable attention, especially following the early identification of the anti-cancer properties of microtubules-targeting agents, such as vinca alkaloids [ 15 ] and taxanes [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)

In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. (biomedcentral.com)

Beyond the organelle dynamics, the constant interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) has become an emerging aspect of healthy mitochondria. (hindawi.com)

In this review article, we discuss the clinical manifestations of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), its incidence, and molecular genetics, including a comprehensive review of the twelve known mapped loci (MCPH1-MCPH12). (biomedcentral.com)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)

Second, we will use our unique capacity to perform dynamic micropatterning, to add or remove actin nucleation sites in real time, in order to investigate the ability of dynamic networks to adapt to changes and the role of coupled network dynamics in this emergent property. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
combine live imaging of the mouse epidermis and machine learning to study the role and regulation of calcium signaling within the stem cell layer. (silverchair.com)
In contrast to budding yeast, WASP-mediated actin nucleation activity plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulatory role of cortical microtubules on cellulose microfibrils was initially postulated, and remains widely accepted, by the "alignment hypothesis" [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This feature probably contributes to the relatively wide kinase specificity profile of AP24534, including VEGFR and FGFR family kinases, receptors perhaps not restricted by the three currently authorized BCR ABL drugs. (others-signal.com)

Each MCC contains hundreds of motile cilia, microtubule-based organelles that generate the motive force to move fluid over the surface of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Dysfunctional primary cilia are found in primary ciliopathies including Joubert syndrome that is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia and renal cystic disease [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Figure 4: Altering mitochondrial dynamics through recruitment of motors and anchors. (nature.com)

The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)

The protofilaments bundle parallel to one another with the same polarity, so, in a microtubule, there is one end, the (+) end, with only β-subunits exposed, while the other end, the (−) end, has only α-subunits exposed. (wikipedia.org)

Microtubules have a distinct polarity that is critical for their biological function. (wikipedia.org)
There are two distinct types of interactions that can occur between the subunits of lateral protofilaments within the microtubule called the A-type and B-type lattices. (wikipedia.org)

There will always play the PI3K catalytic subunits r No redundant in the regulation of cell biology. (microrna1.com)

Finally, in the Ag case, by UV-Vis spectrum, the surface plasmon resonance band at about 400 nm accompanying with particle nucleation and growth is found to be continuously intense and shift toward red. (ncl.edu.tw)

The most common form of a microtubule consists of 13 protofilaments in the tubular arrangement. (wikipedia.org)
In this method, metal ions including Pd, Pt, Ru and Ag are reduced to zero-valence atoms by self-generated long carbon-chain alcohol inside the micellar core and then hydrophilic metal nanoparticles form. (ncl.edu.tw)

They also suggest that the dynamic properties of microtubules are influenced by how they are nucleated. (bvsalud.org)

Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)

Failure of the PN is associated with broad range of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and immunological and metabolic disorders [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

The symposium will cover a range of topics, including advances in single-cell analysis, genome editing, high-throughput screening, and imaging technologies. (oist.jp)

After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. (biomedcentral.com)

I will describe some approaches we take in our investigations of the mammalian olfactory system (sense of smell in rodents), including psychophysics for quantitative characterization of complex, sensory-guided behaviours, efforts to decipher the meaning of neural activities through large-scale physiological recordings and analyses, as well as associated instrumentation to start a conversation about potential areas of collaboration. (oist.jp)
For example, we have shown that the CCR4-NOT complex is essential for insulin production and immune cell differentiation, and that it is important for gene regulation during early development. (oist.jp)

The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)
The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)

These tools allow us to analyze and quantify actin and microtubule networks in cells of controled and regular shapes. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
New microtubules are not nucleated and extended, and the cells fail to respond to polarity cues. (biorxiv.org)
These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy44

Organisms18

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science8

Health Care4

Acentrosomal microtubule2

Cytoskeleton6

Spindle10

Mitosis1

Neuronal1

Inhibition1

Transcriptional1

Centrosome4

Motor proteins3

Processes7

Protein9

Neurons1

Depolymerization1

Centrioles1

Regulates1

Mechanisms2

Elongation2

Organization2

Molecules3

Modulates1

Plasma membrane4

Tubulin6

Diseases including cancer1

Proteins and include1

Steady state1

Regulate2

Chromatin1

Vitro2

Dynein1

Structures1

Onset1

Mitotic1

Epithelial cells2

Orientation1

Interaction1

Molecular2

Role5

Kinases1

Cilia2

Mitochondrial2

Bind1

Parallel1

Distinct2

Subunits1

Continuously1

Form2

Dynamic1

Biochemical1

Neurodegeneration1

Genome1

Control1

Complex2

Growth2

Cells3