Incidentally discovered adrenal adrenal cortex neoplasms. Medical search. Frequent questions

Hence, the molecular mechanisms involved in normal development of the adrenal glands are like double edged swords that can lead to the formation of tumors within the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Located within the adrenal glands are the three zones that are responsible for secretion of the three major classes of adrenal steroids. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the anatomic differences between the right and left adrenal glands, most notably the different venous drainage patterns, surgical approaches are somewhat different for right and left adrenalectomy. (medscape.com)
The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, belong to the endocrine system. (medscape.com)
About 85% of pheochromocytomas are located within the adrenal glands, and 98% are within the abdomen. (medscape.com)
Of these, 50 dogs had normal adrenal glands whereas 69 showed pathological ones. (biomedcentral.com)
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)

Although no definitive size criteria for removal of nonfunctioning adrenal masses exists, it is well accepted that tumors greater than 6 cm should be removed because of an increased incidence of cancer with increasing size. (medscape.com)

Adrenal cortical adenoma is a common benign tumor arising from the cortex of the adrenal gland. (medscape.com)
Homogeneously enhancing ovoid mass is seen in the left adrenal gland. (medscape.com)
Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrates a homogeneously enhancing ovoid mass in the left adrenal gland. (medscape.com)
The adrenal gland is the fourth most common site of metastasis, and adrenal metastases may be found in as many as 25% of patients with known primary lesions. (medscape.com)
First, does the patient have a hormonal or biochemical abnormality that may be caused by an enlarged adrenal gland? (medscape.com)
While it most commonly occurs in the adrenal gland, it has also been reported at extra-adrenal sites. (bvsalud.org)
Perhaps no organ is better suited for laparoscopic surgery than the adrenal gland because of its small size and relatively difficult location in the retroperitoneum, which requires a large, open excision for extraction. (medscape.com)
See Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland Anatomy . (medscape.com)
When such tumors arise outside of the adrenal gland, they are termed extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, or paragangliomas. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonography to visualize adrenal gland lesions and evaluate incidentally discovered adrenal masses in dogs has become more reliable with advances in imaging techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
The goal of our study was to investigate which ultrasound features of adrenal gland abnormalities could aid in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical records of 119 dogs that had undergone ultrasound adrenal gland and histological examination were reviewed. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormal appearance of structural features on ultrasound images (e.g., adrenal gland lesion size, shape, laterality, and echotexture) may aid in diagnosis, but these features alone were not pathognomic. (biomedcentral.com)
Its application in small animal practice has yielded extensive information on normal adrenal gland appearance in the dog [ 3 - 10 ], but it has also led to an increase in the incidental discovery of adrenal masses. (biomedcentral.com)
Adrenal gland lesions (nodules and masses) commonly develop in older dogs, but surgery is indicated in only a small fraction of such cases, usually in malignant and hormone-secreting tumors [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Adrenal adenomas are often categorized as endocrine-inactive tumors considering that majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic. (wikipedia.org)
correspondingly, the developmental physiology of the adrenal cortex is believed to play a pivotal role in formation of the adrenocortical tumors. (wikipedia.org)
It is essential to manage these cases on a case-by-case basis and tailor the management concerning intraoperative biopsy, the intraoperative appearance of tumors, and the location of extra-adrenal masses. (bvsalud.org)
A commonly accepted indication for laparoscopic adrenalectomy is hormonally active tumors including aldosteronomas, pheochromocytomas , and cortisol-producing adrenal tumors. (medscape.com)
While ultrasonography is an effective method for localizing adrenal lesions, standardized ultrasound criteria to distinguish benign from malignant lesions or functional cortisol-secreting from non-functional tumors are lacking [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 1 ] Adrenal cortical adenomas are not considered to have the potential for malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
Therefore, radiologists frequently face the task of determining whether an adrenal mass is benign or malignant. (medscape.com)
In the absence of a known malignancy, the probability that a small, well-circumscribed adrenal mass is malignant is nearly zero. (medscape.com)
Approximately 10% of pheochromocytomas and 35% of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are malignant. (medscape.com)
20 mm in diameter were histologically confirmed as malignant neoplasms (pheochromocytoma and adenocarcinoma). (biomedcentral.com)

An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, they have earned the title incidentaloma referring to small adenoma discovered incidentally. (wikipedia.org)
Ultrasonography has a role in the evaluation of a potential adrenal incidentaloma (AI) in infants, but no appearance is specific for benign adrenal adenoma. (medscape.com)
If the adrenal mass is less than 10 Hounsfield units (HU), a diagnosis of adrenal adenoma can be made. (medscape.com)
If an adrenal adenoma cannot be predicted using these criteria, an evaluation should be done for characteristics that may suggest a pathology such as adrenal cyst or myelolipoma. (medscape.com)
Lesions based on histology were classified as cortical adrenal hyperplasia ( n = 67), adenocarcinoma ( n = 17), pheochromocytoma ( n = 10), metastases ( n = 7), adrenal adenoma ( n = 4), and adrenalitis ( n = 4). (biomedcentral.com)

Though adrenocortical adenomas are considered challenging to differentiate from the normal adrenal cortex, they appear as well-circumscribed lesions once isolated. (wikipedia.org)

Bilaterality of adrenal lesions was a useful ultrasonographic criterion for predicting benign lesions, as cortical hyperplasia. (biomedcentral.com)

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas develop in the paraganglion chromaffin tissue of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
Common locations for extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas include the organ of Zuckerkandl (close to the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery), bladder wall, heart, mediastinum, and carotid and glomus jugulare bodies. (medscape.com)
However, specific histologic features help to differentiate adrenal pheochromocytomas with a potential for biologically aggressive behavior from those that behave in a benign fashion. (medscape.com)

The presence of adrenal and extra-adrenal myelolipomas simultaneously is sporadic, making it a challenging case, especially when the preoperative diagnosis is ambiguous. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSION: Simultaneous adrenal and extra-adrenal myelolipoma should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. (bvsalud.org)

[ 1 ] laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become increasingly used and now has become the technique of choice for most benign adrenal lesions because of the decreased blood loss, lower morbidity, shorter hospitalization, faster recovery, and overall cost-effectiveness in comparison with the open approach. (medscape.com)

As in this case, attenuation measurements of adrenal masses on contrast-enhanced CT scans are frequently nondiagnostic. (medscape.com)
Though a common occurrence in diagnostic imaging, adrenal masses can constitute a significant clinical dilemma in the dog [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Ultrasonographic examination showed high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity (63.7%) for identifying the adrenal lesions, which improved with increasing lesion size. (biomedcentral.com)
In the dog, only one study to date has compared the ultrasonographic appearance of adrenal lesions with their histopathological characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study involving a large sample of dogs, we asked which ultrasound characteristics of adrenal lesions could predict for malignancy and how accurate ultrasound diagnosis (specificity and sensitivity) was as compared with histopathological diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)

In humans, the adrenal cortex comprises three concentric zones including the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis that under normal conditions respond to body's physiological demands for steroid hormones. (wikipedia.org)

If functional, adrenocortical adenomas can affect the normal activities of the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, functional adrenocortical adenomas can induce over-secretion of adrenal steroids associated with pure or mixed endocrine syndromes, a condition commonly known as hyperadrenalism. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Due to their asymptomatic nature, most reported cases of adrenal adenomas have been discerned fortuitously through autopsy, or during medical imaging, particularly CT scan (computed tomography) and magnetic resonance imaging. (wikipedia.org)
These impressive percentages are a result of the relatively high prevalence of adrenal adenomas in the general population and the extensive radiologic research with imaging methods, primarily CT and MRI. (medscape.com)

The characterization of an adrenal mass is critical in patients with a known malignancy, in whom the diagnosis of an adrenal metastasis precludes curative surgery. (medscape.com)
Patients with a solitary adrenal metastasis without evidence of other metastatic disease are also candidates for laparoscopic adrenalectomy. (medscape.com)

Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. (lookformedical.com)
Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL). (lookformedical.com)

The modalities of choice in the evaluation of an adrenal mass are computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. (medscape.com)
In the abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT), a well-circumscribed fat-containing 78 × 61 × 65 mm bi-lobulated mass was reported in the left adrenal fossa. (bvsalud.org)

BACKGROUND: Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm of the adrenal cortex, composed of fat and hematopoietic cells. (bvsalud.org)

Most of them are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, either through imaging studies or at autopsy. (bvsalud.org)

Traditionally, patients with suspected or known primary adrenal carcinoma were recommended to undergo open surgery, given the aggressive nature of the disease and the improved ability to perform an en bloc resection. (medscape.com)
[ 18 , 19 ] Until more robust data are available showing the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the setting of adrenal carcinoma, an open approach is recommended. (medscape.com)

This report is unusual on account of a) being the first reported case in world literature of concomitant excision of chondrosarcoma and coronary artery bypass grafting and b) the conservative management of the incidentally discovered chondrosarcoma by wide excision rather than chest wall resection with no local recurrence to date. (biomedcentral.com)

This constant renewal facilitates organ remodeling which contributes to dynamic characteristics of the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)

For instance, the workup for an otherwise resectable lung cancer may reveal the presence of an adrenal mass and suggest the possibility of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)

El mielolipoma es un tumor benigno no funcional, la mayoría de ellos son asintomáticos y descubiertos de forma incidental a través de estudios de imagen o en estudios de autopsia. (bvsalud.org)
La tomografía computarizada de tórax mostró un tumor ovoide de bordes bien definidos de 6.5 × 4.2 cm, localizado en el mediastino posterior. (bvsalud.org)

Although laparoscopic right adrenalectomy is generally believed to be more difficult because of the proximity of dissection to the inferior vena cava and duodenum and the short adrenal vein, one review of laparoscopic left and right adrenalectomies reported no difference in complication or conversion rates between the two, with shorter operative times for the right. (medscape.com)

The adrenal cortex is considered a dynamic organ in which senescent cells are replaced by newly differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)

How should the radiologist proceed in evaluating an incidental small adrenal mass? (medscape.com)

An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. (lookformedical.com)

Over 30,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the U.S. Many cases are now detected incidentally, as a result of the widespread use of multislice CT. (diagnosticimaging.com)

CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old man was referred to our clinic due to a mass in the adrenal fossa. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms6

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Glands7

Nonfunctioning adrenal masses1

Gland15

Tumors5

Malignant5

Adenoma6

Normal adrenal1

Cortical1

Pheochromocytomas3

Extra-adrenal2

Benign adrenal1

Masses2

Lesions3

Steroid hormones1

Adenomas4

Metastasis2

Hyperplasia2

Computed tomography2

Myelolipoma1

Asymptomatic1

Carcinoma2

Resection1

Characteristics1

Metastatic disease1

Tumor2

Duodenum1

Organ1

Small1

Presence1

Cases1

Case1