OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentInformation ScienceHealth Care
YawsPintaIncidenceTreponemal InfectionsPenicillin G BenzathineTreponema pallidum
SyphilisPintaBejelEarly yawsCutaneousPrevalenceMalariaLesionsAngle of incidePertenueBody axisTreat yawsEndemic treponematosesAnglesEradication campaignSTIsAdverseDiagnosisPitchTreponemesAircraftUlcerBenzathineClinicalInfectiousRotationOccursCrosswindPrimaryIndiaHighDiseaseTreponemalSkinReductionSexuallyEffectivelyPopulationsCancer RegistryCommonCasesWorldwideAwarenessTransmissionDataDirection
Syphilis13
  • In humans, the pathogenic treponemes include T pallidum pallidum (syphilis), Treponema pallidum pertenue ( yaws ), Treponema pallidum endemicum (bejel or endemic syphilis), and Treponema carateum (pinta). (medscape.com)
  • Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel) , and pinta collectively constitute the endemic treponematoses. (medscape.com)
  • Similar to syphilis, yaws can persist for years as a chronic, relapsing disease. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws is caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue, a slender spirochete that is serologically indistinguishable from the spirochete T pallidum , which causes syphilis. (medscape.com)
  • Primary outcomes were incidence rate of gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The incidence was 22.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.3-24.4) per 100 person-years for gonorrhoea, 26.3 (95% CI 24.7-28.0) for chlamydia, and 4.4 (95% CI 3.8-5.1) for syphilis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treponemas caused several infectious diseases including pinta, yaws, and syphilis. (rarediseases.org)
  • [ 1 ] Recently, there has been a drastic increase worldwide in the incidence of syphilis, especially in urban areas. (medscape.com)
  • Serological tests to detect treponemal antibodies can be useful in diagnosis of yaws only if sexual transmitted syphilis is excluded. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • However, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the incidence (how many people are newly reported as having syphilis) is rising in the West, mostly due to unsafe sexual practices. (ada.com)
  • The incidence of syphilis is rising most sharply among men who have sex with men (MSM): between 2015 and 2016, the reported number of cases of syphilis rose 18% in the UK, and more than half of these cases were among men who have sex with men. (ada.com)
  • These tests together are diagnostic for active yaws or syphilis (caused by sp. (mindunwindart.com)
  • There's also another theory--so called an Italian hypotheses--that syphilis is a single organism that is Treponema , caused different clinical manifestations depending upon climatic, social, and demographic factors, producing the clinical manifestation named pinta, yaws, bejel, and syphilis. (cdc.gov)
Pinta2
Bejel1
Early yaws4
  • 15 years of age whose mothers had negative treponemal test results at antenatal screening, with clinical evidence of early yaws (primary or secondary stage), and whose Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and T. pallidum hemagglutination test results were positive, were eligible to participate in the study. (cdc.gov)
  • Another classification distinguishes early yaws from late yaws. (medscape.com)
  • Early yaws includes the primary and secondary stages and is characterized by the presence of contagious skin lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws most commonly occurs in young children is characterized by a primary skin lesion (Early Yaws). (ncdc.gov.in)
Cutaneous3
  • Eighty-one (58.7%) persons displayed active primary cutaneous yaws lesions ( Figure 1 ), and 63 (45.7%) exhibited signs of secondary stage yaws (hyperkeratotic skin papules or bone involvement). (cdc.gov)
  • Cutaneous lesions characterize the primary and secondary stages of yaws. (medscape.com)
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is also known as oriental or tropical sore, Delhi or Aleppo boil, uta or chiclero ulcer, or forest yaws. (msdmanuals.com)
Prevalence3
  • Between the extremes of disease 'control' (reduction in incidence and/or prevalence) and 'eradication,' several intermediate levels of impact on diseases may be described. (cdc.gov)
  • First, in 2017, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but the Member States in the Region endorsed a strategy for the prevalence and incidence of STIs in individual triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, countries over time are not well known. (who.int)
  • Variable incidence and prevalence for each disease and region. (cyberderm.net)
Malaria1
  • The use of Western medicine has improved health generally and reduced the incidence of malaria and smallpox specifically, but high infant mortality and a variety of health problems remain. (nationsencyclopedia.com)
Lesions4
  • Late yaws includes the tertiary stage, when lesions are not contagious. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws is transmitted by direct (person-to-person) contact with the exudates and serum from infectious lesions. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Usually after 5 years of onset of illness, destructive lesions of the skin, bone and cartilage (Late yaws) may appear which are non-infectious but may result in disabilities like gangosa and pathological fractures. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • The yaws may also coexist with any of these lesions. (ncdc.gov.in)
Angle of incide2
  • A correlation of data on Strouhal-number variation with angle of incidence, based on the projected height of the model, is obtained for both the square and elliptical models in the range of Reynolds numbers between 300 and 1200. (trb.org)
  • The ESP® sensors not only recognise a constant crosswind and sudden gusts of varying strengths, but also register the wind's angle of incidence. (caravancruise.ie)
Pertenue4
  • Yaws ( T pallidum pertenue ) occurs mainly in equatorial regions and can be found in South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws is the most prevalent infectious, nonvenereal treponemal disease and is caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue . (medscape.com)
  • Yaws is an infectious tropical disease caused by the spirochete (spiral shaped) bacterium known as Treponema pertenue. (rarediseases.org)
  • Yaws caused by Treponema pertenue. (mlivehosted.com)
Body axis2
  • Yaw is about the vertical body axis, positive with the nose to starboard. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yaw - Angle of X Body Axis (nose) relative to North. (zubiaga.org)
Treat yaws1
  • A new yaws eradication program was proposed in 2012 by the WHO following a study that showed that oral azithromycin can successfully treat yaws in rural, tropical areas. (medscape.com)
Endemic treponematoses2
  • Fifty years ago, the WHO recognized that endemic treponematoses-yaws in particular-were a major cause of disfigurement and disability and a significant economic burden in poor countries. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws belongs to a group of chronic bacterial infections (endemic treponematoses, nonvenereal spirochetal diseases) caused by treponemes. (ncdc.gov.in)
Angles7
  • The three critical flight dynamics parameters are the angles of rotation in three dimensions about the vehicle's center of gravity (cg), known as pitch, roll and yaw. (wikipedia.org)
  • This convention is described in detail below for the roll, pitch, and yaw Euler angles that describe the body frame orientation relative to the Earth frame. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Panavia Tornado had a tall fin for directional stability at high angles of incidence. (wikipedia.org)
  • New tutorials were added on Incidence and Decalage as well as a new section on using your Smart Phone as an angle meter to help measure decalage angles and surface throws. (radiocarbonart.com)
  • You'll learn how to rig a straight plane, how to measure the Center of Gravity, how to measure and readjust the decalage and incidence angles, and get rid of servo centering problems. (radiocarbonart.com)
  • In flight dynamics, pitch, roll and yaw angles measure both the absolute attitude angles (relative to the horizon/North) and changes in attitude angles, relative to the equilibrium orientation of the vehicle . (zubiaga.org)
  • Part of the Series is devoted solely to aircraft topics which includes the equations of motion, conversion formulae for rotation and translation of body axes, geometric and kinematic relationships for various axis systems, direction and incidence angles and measures of damping. (esdu.com)
Eradication campaign2
  • Although a multinational mass eradication campaign in the 1950s greatly reduced the incidence of this disease ( 3 - 5 ), a resurgence of yaws has occurred in west and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands ( 6 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The WHO has concluded that this new eradication campaign can completely eliminate yaws worldwide by 2020. (medscape.com)
STIs2
  • OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to obtain long-term data on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their association with behavioural factors after widespread pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates of bacterial STIs decreased over time. (bvsalud.org)
Adverse1
Diagnosis2
  • Diagnosis of yaws was based on correlation of the clinical findings, positive serologic results, and epidemiologic history. (cdc.gov)
  • In field situation, these tests support a clinico-epidemiological diagnosis of yaws but are not as specific as the dark-field examination. (ncdc.gov.in)
Pitch4
  • A control system includes control surfaces which, when deflected, generate a moment (or couple from ailerons) about the cg which rotates the aircraft in pitch, roll, and yaw. (wikipedia.org)
  • Roll, pitch and yaw refer to rotations about the respective axes starting from a defined steady flight equilibrium state. (wikipedia.org)
  • The control systems include actuators, which exert forces in various directions, and generate rotational forces or moments about the aerodynamic center of the aircraft, and thus rotate the aircraft in pitch, roll, or yaw. (zubiaga.org)
  • These sensing devices can monitor the pitch and roll angle, tri-axial acceleration, vibration, speed, yaw and other parameters of the ship during sea voyage. (vigordigital.com)
Treponemes1
  • The major route of infection is through direct person-to-person contact, and the treponemes associated with yaws are located primarily in the epidermis. (medscape.com)
Aircraft1
  • Together, their role is to enable trim in the yaw direction (compensate moments in yaw generated by any asymmetry in thrust or drag ), enable the aircraft to be controlled in yaw (for example, to initiate side slip during a crosswind landing ), as well as provide stability in yaw (weathercock or directional stability). (wikipedia.org)
Ulcer1
  • Painless ulcer with raised edges corresponding to a primary yaws skin lesion on an infant case-patient's leg, Papua New Guinea, 2009. (cdc.gov)
Benzathine2
  • The currently recommended drug therapy for yaws is penicillin G benzathine, administered intramuscularly as a single dose of 1.2 million units ( 3 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Single dose of injection benzathine benzyl Penicillin was the treatment of choice for both cases and contacts of yaws. (ncdc.gov.in)
Clinical2
  • We included only case-patients with clear documentation of the village of residence, contact history, yaws clinical stage, clinical outcome, pretreatment titer, and at least 1 follow-up titer 12-15 months after treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Eliminating transmission of a disease may also be considered, as in the case of yaws, the late noninfectious clinical manifestations remain of which but are not a danger to others. (cdc.gov)
Infectious2
  • In 1995, the WHO estimated that there were 460,000 infectious cases of yaws throughout the world, with 400,000 in western and central Africa, 50,000 in Southeast Asia, and the remainder in other tropical areas. (medscape.com)
  • Yaws is the most prevalent infectious, nonvenereal treponemal disease and is caused by Treponema pallidumpertenue. (medscape.com)
Rotation1
  • This paper from Turkey divided 28 patients into three groups: those having a maxillary advancement osteotomy, those with a maxillary advancement and impaction, and those that underwent advancement with a yaw rotation. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Occurs3
  • It occurs with lower incidence rates in various Caribbean Islands. (rarediseases.org)
  • Yaws is the most common of all and occurs primarily in the warm, humid and tropical areas of Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Indian peninsula and the equatorial islands of South-East Asia. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Incidence of the disease tends to increase in the summer as the mosquito population increases, and it occurs year-round in tropical climates. (personalizedcause.com)
Crosswind1
  • This braking torque creates a yawing motion which counters the effect of the crosswind. (caravancruise.ie)
Primary2
  • Children serve as the primary reservoir for yaws, spreading the disease via skin-to-skin and skin-to-mucous membrane contact. (medscape.com)
  • Children serve as the primary reservoir for yaws, as the condition is transmitted from person to person via direct contact. (medscape.com)
India2
  • [ 10 ] In India, yaws was successfully eradicated through a programm based on providing information to the population at risk, screening, and treatment. (medscape.com)
  • In 2006, India declared that yaws had been eliminated in that country. (medscape.com)
High5
  • Having low initial titers on Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and living in a village where yaws baseline incidence was high were associated with increased likelihood of treatment failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Yaws continues to be endemic along the tropical belt in areas characterized by hot temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rainfall. (medscape.com)
  • The ongoing high incidence of acute watery diarrhea in these communities suggests overcrowding and poor access to sanitation, conditions also found in trachoma-endemic communities of other countries. (mindunwindart.com)
  • While only single, sporadic BU cases have been reported from regions, where the ancestral lineage of M. ulcerans is prevalent, strains of the classical lineage account for infection foci in Africa and Australia with often very high incidences. (dovepress.com)
  • In World War II, there was a high incidence of leishmaniasis and sandfly fever in troops deployed to the Persian Gulf region. (aafp.org)
Disease5
  • The ITFDE defined eradication as 'reduction of the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero as a result of deliberate efforts, obviating the necessity for further control measures. (cdc.gov)
  • One such disease, yaws has been the target since decades and particularly after the inception of yaws eradication programme (YEP) since 1996-97. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure): to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. (mlivehosted.com)
  • While in the past decade more than 42,000 BU cases have been reported worldwide, an assessment of the actual global disease burden is complicated by the remoteness of affected populations and a lack of data on the incidence of BU in a number of countries, from which cases have been historically reported. (dovepress.com)
  • Although the incidence of leishmaniasis is greater in the Old World than in the New World, the U.S. traveler is most likely to contract this disease in Latin America. (aafp.org)
Treponemal1
  • for use on the multiplex bead assay platform, with Rivastigmine tartrate good correlation between responses to the antigen recombinant protein17 (rp17) and TPPA tests, and between responses to treponemal membrane protein A (TmpA) and RPR titers.19 In this study, we measured antibody responses to and antigens to opportunistically evaluate serologic evidence of yaws and trachoma transmission, respectively, in the population in two settlements of Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh. (mindunwindart.com)
Skin3
  • Yaws is transmitted by direct skin contact and primarily affects children younger than 15 years, with a peak incidence in those aged 6-10 years. (medscape.com)
  • The tertiary stage of yaws may involve the skin, bones, and joints. (medscape.com)
  • Stage 3 Yaws involves the long bones, joints, and/or skin. (personalizedcause.com)
Reduction1
Sexually1
  • As with the other nonvenereal treponematoses, yaws is not found in urban centers, is not sexually transmitted, and is not congenitally acquired. (medscape.com)
Effectively1
  • These parameters can enable the driver to grasp the current status of the ship in real time and adjust the operation in time, which effectively ensures the safe navigation of ships, reduces the incidence of water traffic accidents and avoids economic losses and casualties. (vigordigital.com)
Populations1
  • Agmon-Levin et al suggested that the antitreponemal antibodies that build up in certain populations may also be protective for atherosclerosis while also being pathogenic for yaws. (medscape.com)
Cancer Registry1
  • Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Versus Uninfected Veterans: Comparison of Cancer Registry and ICD-9 Code Diagnoses. (yale.edu)
Common1
Cases1
  • Map of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea, showing incidence of infection in the 24 villages where cases of yaws were diagnosed, 2009. (cdc.gov)
Worldwide1
  • The population at risk of contracting yaws worldwide is estimated to be 34 million, evenly distributed between men and women (17 million each). (medscape.com)
Awareness1
  • Particularly in view of the apparent decline in BU incidence in regions of West Africa, awareness and knowledge of BU in endemic regions must be retained to ensure a continuous monitoring and control. (dovepress.com)
Transmission1
  • The data are suggestive of very low or no transmission of trachoma and yaws, currently or previously, in children resident in these communities. (mindunwindart.com)
Data3
  • The resulting data show how the Strouhal number and dimensionless frequency of an elliptical cylinder vary with flow incidence angle in the Reynolds-number range between 300 and 1200. (trb.org)
  • Experimental data, based on the velocity component normal to the cylinder, are presented for flow past a circular cylinder yawed 40 deg. (trb.org)
  • Recent data have shown an incidence of brain metastases in ≤ 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. (medscape.com)
Direction1
  • Moving it allows the pilot to control yaw about the vertical axis, i.e., change the horizontal direction in which the nose is pointing. (wikipedia.org)