Incidence of anemia. Medical search. Frequent questions

Background Associations between aplastic anemia and numerous drugs, pesticides and chemicals have been reported. (haematologica.org)
However, at least 50% of the etiology of aplastic anemia remains unexplained. (haematologica.org)
Design and Methods This was a case-control, multicenter, multinational study, designed to identify risk factors for agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. (haematologica.org)
The cases were patients with diagnosis of aplastic anemia confirmed through biopsy or bone marrow aspiration, selected through an active search of clinical laboratories, hematology clinics and medical records. (haematologica.org)
The controls did not have either aplastic anemia or chronic diseases. (haematologica.org)
A total of 224 patients with aplastic anemia were included in the study, each case was paired with four controls, according to sex, age group, and hospital where the case was first seen. (haematologica.org)
Results The incidence of aplastic anemia was 1.6 cases per million per year. (haematologica.org)
Individuals exposed to chloramphenicol in the previous year had an adjusted OR for aplastic anemia of 8.7 (CI: 0.87-87.93) and those exposed to azithromycin had an adjusted OR of 11.02 (CI 1.14-108.02). (haematologica.org)
Conclusions The incidence of aplastic anemia in Latin America countries is low. (haematologica.org)
Although the research study centers had a high coverage of health services, the underreporting of cases of aplastic anemia in selected regions can be discussed. (haematologica.org)
Frequent exposure to benzene-based products increases the risk for aplastic anemia. (haematologica.org)
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a hematologic condition characterized by bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia resulting in pancytopenia. (haematologica.org)
1 A recent review of the epidemiology of aplastic anemia shows that most cases of aplastic anemia appear to be secondary to the immunological destruction of the hematopoietic cells. (haematologica.org)
Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow failure characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
Severe or very severe aplastic anemia is a hematologic emergency, and care should be instituted promptly. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] The Pediatric Haemato-Oncology Italian Association has issued guidelines on diagnosis and management of acquired aplastic anemia in childhood. (medscape.com)
For patient education information, see What Is Aplastic Anemia? . (medscape.com)
Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept of aplastic anemia in 1888 when he reported the case of a pregnant woman who died of bone marrow failure. (medscape.com)
However, it was not until 1904 that Anatole Chauffard named this disorder aplastic anemia. (medscape.com)
Possible correlation between aplastic anemia, exposure to hydrogen-fluoride (7664393) (HF), and suspected cancer deaths was investigated. (cdc.gov)
no clinically significant blood abnormalities except one case of aplastic anemia. (cdc.gov)
Acquired aplastic anemia is a rare, serious blood disorder, due to failure of the bone marrow failure to produce blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
In acquired aplastic anemia, an almost complete absence of hematopoietic stem cells results in low levels of red and white blood cells and platelets (pancytopenia). (rarediseases.org)
Symptoms of aplastic anemia are those of anemia, bleeding, and infection. (rarediseases.org)
Although bone marrow failure can occur secondary to other disorders, most aplastic anemia is due to the immune system mistakenly targeting the bone marrow (autoimmunity). (rarediseases.org)
Aplastic anemia is classified as severe according to blood counts. (rarediseases.org)
Most of the discussion that follows relates to severe aplastic anemia. (rarediseases.org)
Furthermore, some aplastic anemia that is genetically inherited may, first manifest in adulthood, sometimes without a family history of blood disease. (rarediseases.org)
The symptoms of acquired aplastic anemia occur as a consequence of the bone marrow failing to produce enough blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
Some individuals with acquired aplastic anemia also have another disorder at the same time, called paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). (rarediseases.org)
It is believed that PNH arises in the setting of autoimmune acquired aplastic anemia and bone marrow failure. (rarediseases.org)
Individuals affected with acquired aplastic anemia are also at risk that it will evolve into another similar disorder known as myelodysplasia. (rarediseases.org)
The most common reason for hospitalization because of acute anemia is due to the so-called aplastic crisis in children with chronic hemolytic anemia who otherwise had been stable. (medscape.com)
Acute simple transfusions should be considered in certain circumstances including acute chest syndrome, acute stroke, aplastic anemia, preoperative transfusion, splenic sequestration plus severe anemia, acute hepatic sequestration, and severe acute intrahepatic cholestasis. (the-hospitalist.org)
Clinical and laboratory observations suggest that acquired aplastic anemia is an autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)

Abdominal ultrasonography is used to assess for gallstones or splenomegaly in hemolytic anemia, while computed tomography (CT) scanning is used to evaluate occult bleeding in blunt trauma (eg, splenic rupture, subcapsular hemorrhage of the liver) or a bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
Aniline may also cause the destruction of red blood cells, which manifests as acute or delayed hemolytic anemia. (cdc.gov)
Immune hemolytic anemia is a disorder characterized by anemia due to premature destruction of red blood cells by the immune system. (health.am)
Immune hemolytic anemia occurs when antibodies form against the body's own red blood cells. (health.am)
If the cause of antibody formation is disease or medication, it is referred to as secondary immune hemolytic anemia. (health.am)
The cause may also be unknown, as in idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which accounts for one-half of all immune hemolytic anemias. (health.am)
Screening for antibodies in donated blood and in the recipient may prevent hemolytic anemia related to blood transfusions. (health.am)
Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), also known as auto-immune mediated hemolytic anemia (AIHA, is a disease in which the body's immune system, which is designed to attack and kill germs, attacks and kills the body's own red blood cells. (petplace.com)

Transfusion with packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is the universal treatment for most individuals with severe acute anemia. (medscape.com)
Anemia may be cumulative and may require transfusion support. (nih.gov)
Preoperative transfusion is used to decrease the incidence of postoperative vaso-occlusive crisis, acute stroke, or ACS for patients receiving general anesthesia. (the-hospitalist.org)
Blood transfusion treatment of anaemia. (bvsalud.org)

Title : Association between Baseline Fetal Hemoglobin Levels and Incidence of Severe Vaso-Occlusive Pain Episodes in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia Personal Author(s) : Bhatnagar, Pallav;Keefer, Jeffrey R.;Casella, James F.;Barron-Casella, Emily A.;Bean, Christopher J.;Hooper, Craig W.;Payne, Amanda B.;Arking, Dan E.;DeBaun, Michael R. (cdc.gov)
Serum vitamin B12 levels and incidence of tapeworm anemia in a population heavily infected with Diphyllobothrium latum. (medscape.com)

The clinical effects of anemia depend on its duration and severity. (medscape.com)
The risk of preterm birth, LBW and SGA across 11 prepregnancy hemoglobin groups depended on the severity of anemia ( P for trend=0.042, 0.019, and 0.001, respectively). (nature.com)
Anemia, not high hemoglobin concentration, before pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of preterm birth, LBW and SGA, and the risk increased with the severity of anemia in Korean women. (nature.com)
Kefiyalew F, Zemene E, Asres Y, Gedefaw L. Anemia among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia: prevalence, severity and associated risk factors. (ijrcog.org)
Symptoms are dependent on the severity of the anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. (rarediseases.org)
Incidence, severity and preventability of medication-related visits to the emergency department: a prospective study. (ahrq.gov)

The need to design these strategies is critical given the high incidence of malaria and HIV in countries in Sub Saharan Africa such as Zambia and its serious impact on survival and the socio-economic situation. (druglib.com)

Sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell disease (SCD), is the most common form of inherited blood disorder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The overall incidence of sickle cell disease among 22 200 screened neonates was 0.04% (0.07% for UAE citizens and 0.02% for non-UAE citizens). (who.int)

Recommendations to reduce the developmental loss associated with ID and IDA are to reduce the incidence of these conditions by efforts to prevent premature birth, delay cord clamping, ensure adequate maternal iron status, provide iron-rich complementary foods, and ensure access to postnatal interventions that promote responsive mother-infant interaction patterns and early learning opportunities for infants. (nih.gov)
Protective perioperative ventilation has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. (frontiersin.org)

[ 1 ] This article provides a general overview of anemia, with an emphasis on the acute form. (medscape.com)
When anemia is acute, the body does not have enough time to make the necessary physiologic adjustments, and the symptoms are more likely to be pronounced and dramatic. (medscape.com)
Acute and severe anemia can result in cardiovascular compromise. (medscape.com)
Moreover, if individuals with acute anemia are not treated immediately and appropriately, the resulting hypoxemia and hypovolemia can lead to brain damage, multiorgan failure, and death. (medscape.com)
In pediatrics beyond the immediate neonatal period, acute anemia is rare in otherwise healthy children. (medscape.com)
What are indications, complications of acute blood transfusions in sickle cell anemia? (the-hospitalist.org)
Acute haemorrhage and chronic anemia were excluded from the scope of these recommendations. (bvsalud.org)

Risk factors causing anemia are chemotherapy cycle, body mass index (BMI), age and initial hemoglobin. (atlantis-press.com)
Pediatric anemia refers to a hemoglobin or hematocrit level lower than the age-adjusted reference range for healthy children. (medscape.com)
Physiologically, anemia is a condition in which reduced hematocrit or hemoglobin levels lead to diminished oxygen-carrying capacity that does not optimally meet the metabolic demands of the body. (medscape.com)
Although the anemia is often normocytic, mild macrocytosis can also be observed in association with stress erythropoiesis and elevated fetal hemoglobin levels. (medscape.com)
Laboratory data demonstrated mild anemia (hemoglobin, 9.6 g/dl), but neither hypoproteinemia nor elevation of tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was observed. (spandidos-publications.com)
A new study has shown that regular consumption of millets can improve hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels to reduce iron deficiency anemia, which is rising globally. (icrisat.org)
The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is confirmed by the findings of low iron stores and a hemoglobin level two standard deviations below normal. (aafp.org)
4 Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level two standard deviations below normal for age and sex ( Table 1 ) . (aafp.org)

To use an automated Classification of Hospital Acquired Diagnoses (CHADx) reporting system to report the incidence of hospital-acquired complications in inpatients and investigate the association between hospital-acquired complications and hospital length of stay (LOS) in multiday-stay patients. (mja.com.au)
Incidence of hospital-acquired complications and mean LOS for multiday-stay patients. (mja.com.au)
11 We aimed to report the incidence of hospital-acquired complications in all inpatients presenting to the SMHS and investigate the association between hospital-acquired complications and hospital LOS in multiday-stay patients. (mja.com.au)
Cardiopulmonary parameters and the incidence of complications were registered during surgery and postoperatively. (frontiersin.org)

Prevention and management of maternal anemia is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality of the fetus. (ijrcog.org)
Bukidnon has no data on the incidence of anemia, only morbidity due to anemia which is 940 in 2016, 1,485 cases in 2018," the DOST chief said, citing the Provincial Health Office of Bukidnon. (gov.ph)

Despite this, adverse events were similar between the two groups, including the cumulative incidences of pulmonary hypertension and cancer. (medpagetoday.com)

World Health Organization/United Nations University/UNICEF: Iron deficiency anemia, assessment, prevention and control: a guide for programme managers. (ijrcog.org)

The investigational hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor vadadustat was noninferior to the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent darbepoetin alfa for treating anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, a pair of phase III trials found. (medpagetoday.com)

For at least 20 years it has been known that and testing of other family members, af- children with sickle cell anaemia have an fords an opportunity to identify and coun- increased susceptibility to severe bacterial sel couples at risk for having future infection, particularly from Streptococcus children with clinically significant disease. (who.int)
Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated with megaloblastic anemia. (medscape.com)

In major pancreatoduodenal interventions, preventively protective V T improves postoperative oxygenation, reduces the incidence of atelectases, and shortens length of hospital stay. (frontiersin.org)

An analysis of 754 patients in the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) suggested that the average age of onset is 7.6 years. (wikidoc.org)
The onset is insidious, and the initial clinical manifestation is frequently related to anemia or bleeding, although fever or infections may be noted at presentation. (medscape.com)

Conclusion: Identification of chemotherapy risk factors such as chemotherapy cycles, age, BMI, and Hb levels are important for patients at risk for anemia. (atlantis-press.com)
These risk factors Hb at baseline are significantly associated with anemia in chemotherapy patients. (atlantis-press.com)
Aim: To determine the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and assess the association of other factors related to diabetes with the risk of anemia. (scirp.org)
Results: 15.3% of the patients had anemia. (scirp.org)
Anemia is the most common blood disorder and a common finding in patients with diabetes [1]. (scirp.org)
Previous studies have shown that the incidence of anemia in diabetic patients is mostly associated with the presence of renal insufficiency. (scirp.org)
Thus, patients with diabetes have a greater degree of anemia for their level of renal impairment than non-diabetic patients presenting with other causes of renal failure [1-5]. (scirp.org)
In spite of the plethora of reports on the presence of anemia in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency, limited study [7] exists on the incidence of anemia in diabetics prior to the evidence of renal impairment. (scirp.org)
This may explain why most diabetic patients with normal renal function are rarely tested for anemia. (scirp.org)
The need for more studies on incidence of anemia in diabetic patients prior to renal impairment has therefore become imperative, in order to increase the level of awareness and understanding of anemia amongst diabetic patients. (scirp.org)
In addition, it is not certain whether hemorheological effects of other risk factors related to diabetes mellitus may contribute to the greater incidence of anemia usually observed in diabetic patients irrespective of renal condition. (scirp.org)
We believe such knowledge may help patients ascertain the impact of anemia on their quality of life, and lead to opportunities for developing interventions to optimize outcomes in diabetic patients. (scirp.org)
In the present study therefore, we aimed at demonstrating the incidence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function. (scirp.org)
In addition, the incidence and risk of anemia in these patients were assessed according to gender, age, and glycemic control statuses. (scirp.org)
Most of the anemic patients had moderate anemia followed by women with mild anemia. (ijrcog.org)
This might be on the use of antiretroviral drugs, the incidence of clinical (eventually severe) malaria and spread of antimalarial resistance through immune compromised HIV patients (with and without antimalarial treatment). (druglib.com)
Although iron deficiency is the most common cause of microcytic anemia, up to 40 percent of patients with iron deficiency anemia will have normocytic erythrocytes. (aafp.org)
The following diagnostic approach is recommended in patients with anemia and is outlined in Figure 1 . (aafp.org)
2 , 6 - 11 A serum ferritin level should be obtained in patients with anemia and a mean corpuscular volume less than 95 μm 3 . (aafp.org)
In patients with chronic inflammation, iron deficiency anemia is likely when the ferritin level is less than 50 ng per mL (112.35 pmol per L). 7 Ferritin values greater than or equal to 100 ng per mL (224.70 pmol per L) generally exclude iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)

Anaemia during pregnancy: impact on birth outcome and infant haemoglobin level during the first 18 months of life. (ijrcog.org)

Full cohort, cumulative incidence analyses, matched for days of care, and matched for family history analyses were conducted across quantiles of vaccine uptake. (mdpi.com)

In contrast, when anemia develops gradually, the body is able to adjust, using all 4 mechanisms mentioned above (1, 3, and 4 in most cases), ameliorating the symptoms relative to the degree of the anemia. (medscape.com)
more importantly, one must consider the clinical effects or the signs and symptoms of the individual with anemia. (medscape.com)

In addition, conditions are emphasized in which anemia is the only hematologic abnormality. (medscape.com)

Fanconi anemia is rare overall, but it is one of the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. (wikidoc.org)

Hydroxyurea is associated with lower malaria incidence in children with sickle cell anemia in sub-Saharan Africa. (amedeo.com)

Measurement of the serum ferritin level is the most accurate test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)

Fareh OI, Rizk DE, Thomas L, Berg B. Obstetric impact of anaemia in pregnant women in United Arab Emirates. (ijrcog.org)
Alem M, Enawgaw B, Gelaw A, Kena T, Seid M, Olkeba Y. Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in azezo health center Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. (ijrcog.org)
Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in Nigeria. (ijrcog.org)
All pregnant women should be screened for iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia requires laboratory-confirmed evidence of anemia, as well as evidence of low iron stores. (aafp.org)
7 Although levels below 15 ng per mL (33.70 pmol per L) are consistent with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, using a cutoff of 30 ng per mL (67.41 pmol per L) improves sensitivity from 25 to 92 percent, and specificity remains high at 98 percent. (aafp.org)

There is no racial predilection for Fanconi anemia. (wikidoc.org)
Historically, the heterozygote frequency for pathogenic Fanconi anemia mutations has been estimated to be 1:300 in the United States and Europe and 1:100 in Ashkenazi Jews and South Africans. (wikidoc.org)

CDA type I is characterized by moderate to severe anemia. (medlineplus.gov)

Incidence of clinically relevant medication errors in the era of electronically prepopulated medication reconciliation forms: a retrospective chart review. (ahrq.gov)

After a serious exposure or repeated exposures to aniline, anemia can occur. (cdc.gov)

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the development of red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and accounts for approximately one-half of anemia cases. (aafp.org)
It is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and accounts for approximately one-half of anemia cases. (aafp.org)

The recently published research, a meta-analysis of 22 studies on humans and eight laboratory studies on millets consumption and anemia, was undertaken by seven organizations across four countries and was led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). (icrisat.org)

High-molecular-weight iron dextran has produced a higher incidence of hypersensitivity reactions when compared with other formulations. (medscape.com)

9 , 10 A study conducted in Southern Brazil, from 1999 to 2000, reported an incidence of 2.4 cases per million per year. (haematologica.org)
Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and old age are associated with the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetics with normal renal function. (scirp.org)
This study examined whether women with anemia before pregnancy would be at higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. (nature.com)
Anaemia in pregnancy: a study of 709 women in Karachi, Pakistan. (ijrcog.org)
Data did not warrant further study of increased cancer incidence. (cdc.gov)
Despite the fact that iron deficiency in the male population is only 2%, the male runners in this study had an incidence of 21.0%, which is high enough to warrant routine screenings for iron status. (csbsju.edu)
Meanwhile, de la Peña said the project also involves the study of IFR's efficacy in resolving iron deficiency anemia. (gov.ph)
A population-based study in Massachusetts found the minimum incidence of PCP during the first year of life to be 2.3% among all infants born to seropositive mothers, or an estimated 7.7% among HIV-infected infants (7). (cdc.gov)

The risk of kidney cancer significantly increases with age with the highest incidence between the ages of 55 and 84. (uclahealth.org)
The HVT group had significantly higher incidence of atelectases ( n = 6), despite lower incidence of smoking compared with the LVT ( n = 1) group ( p = 0.017) and demonstrated longer length of hospital stay. (frontiersin.org)

Certain physiologic adjustments can occur in an individual with anemia to compensate for the lack of oxygen delivery. (medscape.com)

Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. (ijrcog.org)

2 , 3 Its secondary objective was to estimate the incidence rates of both agranulocytosis and AA in some Latin American countries. (haematologica.org)

ESRD incidence data (numerator) from the U.S. Renal Data System (USRDS) and population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau or suitable alternative (denominator). (cdc.gov)

14 This report focuses on the risk factors and incidence rate of AA. (haematologica.org)
Multivariate analysis with logistic regression to find the basic risk factors for anemia. (atlantis-press.com)
Hämäläinen H, Hakkarainen K, Heinonen S . Anaemia in the first but not in the second or third trimester is a risk factor for low birth weight. (nature.com)
Cheema HK, Bajwa BS, Kaur K, Joshi H. Prevalence and possible risk factors of anaemia in different trimesters of pregnancy. (ijrcog.org)

High incidences of gynecological disorders and excess frequency of spontaneous abortions have been reported for women chemically exposed to aniline. (cdc.gov)

Objective: To determine the predictive factors of anemia caused by chemotherapy. (atlantis-press.com)

To evaluate anemia, obtain initial laboratory tests, including the complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte count, and review of the peripheral smear. (medscape.com)

Methodologically well-founded studies have found an incidence of AA ranging from 1.4 to 14 cases per million people, 7 - 9 with higher rates in Asian countries than in Western ones. (haematologica.org)

Many studies have shown the deleterious effects of iron deficiency anemia or iron deficiency without anemia on the neurocognitive and behavioral development in children. (medscape.com)
This article examines the association of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with children's development and behavior, with the goal of providing recommendations to prevent the developmental loss associated with these conditions. (nih.gov)
The incidence of iron deficiency (without anemia) in males is 2% (CDC statistics), as compared with 14% in females. (csbsju.edu)
The patient started taking a proton‑pump inhibitor and iron supplements as a result of anemia caused from the occasional bleeding from the polyps. (spandidos-publications.com)
MANILA - At least PHP8 million have been allocated for the "Iron Rice for Nutrition and Overall Wellness (NOW)" project in Bukidnon, with the goal of producing iron-fortified rice (IFR) to help address the incidence of anemia in the province, Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Secretary Fortunato de la Peña said. (gov.ph)
See related handout on iron deficiency anemia , written by the authors of this article. (aafp.org)
Men and postmenopausal women should not be screened, but should be evaluated with gastrointestinal endoscopy if diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)
Iron deficiency anemia is diminished red blood cell production due to low iron stores in the body. (aafp.org)
1 , 2 Iron deficiency anemia can result from inadequate iron intake, decreased iron absorption, increased iron demand, and increased iron loss. (aafp.org)
All adult men and postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia should be screened for gastrointestinal malignancy. (aafp.org)
Screening serology for celiac disease should be considered for all adults with iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)
2 As such, iron deficiency should still be considered in all cases of anemia unless the mean corpuscular volume is greater than 95 μm 3 (95 fL), because this cutoff has a sensitivity of 97.6 percent. (aafp.org)
Ferritin reflects iron stores and is the most accurate test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. (aafp.org)

Long-standing anemia can result in failure to thrive in children. (medscape.com)
Unexplained decline in the prevalence of anemia among US children and women between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. (nature.com)
Children diagnosed with anemia should be taught to look at their stool color and to report to their parents if it is tarry or bloody. (medscape.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms6

Diseases81

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment63

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes27

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science9

Named Groups4

Health Care48

Geographicals25

Aplastic36

Hemolytic anemia8

Transfusion4

Levels and Incidence2

Severity6

High incidence1

Sickle cell di2

Reduce the incidence2

Acute7

Hemoglobin8

Complications4

Morbidity2

Pulmonary1

World Health Organ1

Chronic Kidney1

Infection2

Postoperative1

Onset2

Patients20

Outcome1

Cumulative1

Symptoms2

Hematologic1

Bone marrow1

Malaria1

Serum1

Pregnant women4

Diagnosis2

Fanconi2

Moderate to severe anemia1

Clinically1

Exposure1

Disorder3

Humans1

Reactions1

Study8

Significantly2

Occur1

Prevention1

Estimate1

Renal1

Risk4

Disorders1

Objective1

Laboratory1

Higher1

Iron13

Children3