• Sequencing of monkeypox virus from infected patients reveals viral genomes with APOBEC3-like editing, gene inactivation, and bacterial agents of skin superinfection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although effective for bacterial and fungal inactivation, little is known about the virucidal effects of 405 nm light. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Unexpectedly, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (Ogg1) knockout mice show enhanced stimuli-driven IFN expression that confers increased resistance to viral and bacterial infections and allergen challenges. (lu.se)
  • Once delivered into the host cell, the incoming positive-strand viral RNA genome is first translated by host ribosomes into two overlapping polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab. (elifesciences.org)
  • The finding that a viral population was essentially a pool of mutants came at a time when mutations in general genetics were considered rare events, and virologists associated a viral genome with a defined nucleotide sequence, as still implied today in the contents of data banks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our barcoding approach allows for up to 288 barcoded-samples to be pooled into a single library and run across various NGS platforms without potential reconstitution of the viral genome. (usda.gov)
  • As the eBSV activates into infectious viral particles under stress, the progenitor Musa balbisiana and its derivants, having at least one B genome, cannot be used as parents for crop improvement. (nature.com)
  • The regenerated genome-edited events of Gonja Manjaya showed mutations in the targeted sites with the potential to prevent proper transcription or/and translational into functional viral proteins. (nature.com)
  • Multiple copies of eBSV viral sequences have become integrated as direct and inverted tandem repeats at a single locus in the B genome of the host during viral infection 5 . (nature.com)
  • When the banana plants are stressed, the eBSV recombines to produce a functional episomal viral genome and infectious viral particles and as a result the plant develops disease symptoms. (nature.com)
  • Purified DNA were analyzed for 37 types of HPV by means of a multiplex polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeted to the conserved L1 region of the viral genome, using PGYM09/11 primer pools and primers for ß-globin (33). (cdc.gov)
  • Before 1985, donors were screened only for hepatitis B surface antigen but not by other tests for specific diagnosis of viral infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
  • Furthermore, we present a sequence-independent method to rapidly amplify viral genomic material while simultaneously abolishing both viral and genomic RNA infectivity across multiple virus families. (usda.gov)
  • In summary we describe a rapid, universal standard operating procedure that generates high quality genetic sequence while removing viral infectivity. (usda.gov)
  • At constant temperature, the RH was varied from 7-73% and infectivity was assessed by the viral plaque assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusion: At low relative humidity, influenza retains maximal infectivity and inactivation of the virus at higher relative humidity occurs rapidly after coughing. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we describe methodology that assures inactivation of the pathogens while preserving their genetic sequence. (usda.gov)
  • Our data demonstrate this approach provides full-length genomic sequence information not only from high titer virus preparations, but can recover specific viral sequence from virus-infected tissue samples, and can be used to identify pathogens from unknown samples. (usda.gov)
  • We compared self- and staff-collected swabs in terms of swabbing quality and detection of viral respiratory pathogens. (plos.org)
  • Viral respiratory pathogens were detected by multiplex RT-PCR (Seeplex RV15 kit, Seegene, Eschborn, Germany). (plos.org)
  • Nasal self-swabbing for identification of viral ARI pathogens proved to be equivalent to staff-swabbing in this population in terms of acceptance and pathogen detection. (plos.org)
  • Akmatov MK, Gatzemeier A, Schughart K, Pessler F (2012) Equivalence of Self- and Staff-Collected Nasal Swabs for the Detection of Viral Respiratory Pathogens. (plos.org)
  • Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nsp3 and Nsp5 are essential for viral replication and represent well-characterized drug targets among coronaviruses. (elifesciences.org)
  • By inhibiting Nsp5 proteolytic activity, Paxlovid reduces viral replication and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. (elifesciences.org)
  • Quasispecies result from high mutation rates as mutants arise continually and change in relative frequency as viral replication and selection proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral safety of licensed biological products must be assured by three complementary approaches: (i) thorough testing of the cell line and all raw materials for viral contaminants, (ii) assessing the capacity of downstream processing to clear infectious viruses, and (iii) testing the product at appropriate steps for contaminating viruses. (biopharminternational.com)
  • A viral quasispecies is a population structure of viruses with a large number of variant genomes (related by mutations). (wikipedia.org)
  • and Viral inactivation of equine or other viruses in biological products. (who.int)
  • Pure water-insoluble photosensitizer C 60 could be used to mediate the inactivation of enveloped viruses. (nanomedicine.com)
  • With viruses, the ozone damages the viral capsid and upsets the reproductive cycle by disrupting the virus-to-cell contact with peroxidation. (silvermedicine.org)
  • Don't be satisfied with existing techniques for detecting and removing viral contaminants from recombinant bioproducts. (genengnews.com)
  • A few cell lines that had gone through all the required testing and scored negative were later found to harbor viral contaminants to the point where contaminated vaccines manufactured from those cell lines were released to the market, although initially unknowingly. (genengnews.com)
  • Removing viral contaminants from animal cell-culture derived biologicals is a major challenge of downstream purification because it involves laborious and time-consuming techniques that result in increased manufacturing costs. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 2 It is essential to review both the short-and long-term consequences of viral contaminants existing in biopharmaceutical products. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 3 To ensure maximum viral safety, the ICH Q5A regulatory guideline mandates that manufacturers of therapeutic biological products for human use implement adequate technologies in their manufacturing process and demonstrate the capability of their processes to remove or inactivate known or adventitious contaminants based on a process-specific virus clearance strategy. (biopharminternational.com)
  • These results will be of interest to virologists interested in studying the alterations in tRNA modifications, host methyltransferases, and viral infections. (elifesciences.org)
  • The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during viral infections is further complicated by evidence that PD-L1 also mediates inflammatory effects in the acute phase of an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, standard clonal analyses and deep sequencing methodologies have confirmed the presence of myriads of mutant genomes in viral populations, and their participation in adaptive processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis outbreaks often occur in the clinical setting and this study was designed to investigate potential inactivation effects of 405 nm light on the NoV surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV). (strath.ac.uk)
  • The Viral Inactivation In Bovine Serum reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (chipready.com)
  • Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nonsynonymous mutations occurred in genes encoding central proteins , among which transcription factors and core and envelope proteins , and included two mutations that would truncate a RNA polymerase subunit and a phospholipase d -like protein , suggesting an alternative start codon and gene inactivation , respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viral inactivation was oxygen-dependent and equally efficient in solutions containing protein. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Sartorius Stedim Biotech has assembled an orthogonal platform for quantitative virus and contaminant clearance The platform encompasses UVivatec® virus inactivation, Sartobind® membrane chromatography, and Virosart® filtration. (genengnews.com)
  • Such technologies can involve virus removal by nanofiltration, inactivation by ultraviolet C (UVC), and adsorption by membrane chromatography. (biopharminternational.com)
  • In this Review, Rusiñol examines the main viral contamination sources in urban groundwater and reviews factors affecting transport, inactivation, and survival of the viral particles. (plos.org)
  • Although safety was not perfect, survival was much better than with the original viral strain . (anses.fr)
  • Viral contamination is a risk to all biotechnology products derived from cell lines of human or animal origin. (biopharminternational.com)
  • According to the authors, while discordant positive results could be due to low viral loads, cross-contamination cannot be ruled out as a reason. (news-medical.net)
  • A respiratory viral pathogen was detected in 31% (23/75) of staff- and in 35% (26/75) of self-collected swabs (p = 0.36). (plos.org)
  • Dry swabs suspended in phosphate-buffered saline revealed higher viral loads than swabs in viral transport media (VTM), which the authors attribute to the dilution of the viral load in VTM. (news-medical.net)
  • Where the Viral Clearance market is heading? (visiongain.com)
  • Viral clearance and quality control remain key challenges for biomanufacturers involved in both single-use and/or steel applications. (genengnews.com)
  • New approaches and the latest thinking on ways to deal with viral clearance were topics of discussion at the recent Sartorius Stedim Biotech "European Upstream and Downstream Technology Forum," which was held in Germany. (genengnews.com)
  • The regulatory requirements for viral clearance studies from early- to late-stage product development were reviewed by Horst Ruppach, Ph.D., manager of viral clearance and global coordinator of virology at Charles River Laboratories. (genengnews.com)
  • Seventy-five percent of the edited events remained asymptomatic in comparison to the non-edited control plants under water stress conditions, confirming inactivation of eBSV into infectious viral particles. (nature.com)
  • Seventy-five percent (6 out of 8) of the edited events tested remained asymptomatic in comparison to the control non-edited plants under water stress conditions, confirming inhibition of eBSV and reversal of its ability to be converted into infectious viral particles in the edited lines. (nature.com)
  • The manufacturing processes include cold ethanol fractionation of Ig and viral inactivation and removal steps. (medscape.com)
  • We review methods for targeting the expression of light-activatable molecules to specific cell types, under genetic, viral or activity-dependent control. (nature.com)
  • We found that functional inhibition, genetic ablation, and inactivation by post-translational modification of OGG1. (lu.se)
  • We found that functional inhibition, genetic ablation, and inactivation by post-translational modification of OGG1 significantly augment IFN-λ expression in epithelial cells infected by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (lu.se)
  • Therefore, the evolutionary trajectory of the viral infection cannot be predicted solely from the characteristics of the fittest sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • There has never been, to our knowledge, a case in which an infectious disease was transmitted by a viral contaminant in a product based on recombinant biotechnology," he said. (genengnews.com)
  • Exhaustion and suppression of antiviral immune responses can result in viral immune evasion. (frontiersin.org)
  • Generally accepted good laboratory practices appropriate to microbiolical/viral safe handling practices and techniques is required at work. (researchd.com)
  • For this reason cDNAs and/or their derivatives must be tested to ensure the absence of infectious virus and/or viral RNA before transfer out of the BSL-3/4 and/or SA laboratory. (usda.gov)
  • The Ct values between the two reference laboratories were comparable, with ARUP laboratory tests detecting a slightly higher viral load . (news-medical.net)
  • As part of its mandate as National Reference Laboratory for ASF, the Pig Virology and Immunology (VIP) Unit of ANSES's Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory inactivated the Georgia 2007/1 viral strain, which is currently circulating in the European Union. (anses.fr)
  • Bovine Serum Laboratories manufactures the viral inactivation in bovine serum reagents distributed by Genprice. (chipready.com)
  • Additionally, the researchers examined the average Ct values in both laboratories to compare the viral loads detected in the PCR tests. (news-medical.net)
  • The authors believe that the difference in specimen processing and extraction procedures could account for the variation in viral loads from the two laboratories. (news-medical.net)
  • 3 The first study is required before Phase 1 clinical trials, in which the process should be evaluated for inactivation or removal of an enveloped and a small nonenveloped virus and at least two orthogonal steps should be used for achieving the same. (biopharminternational.com)
  • FCV exposed in artificial faeces, artificial saliva, blood plasma and other organically-rich media exhibited an equivalent level of inactivation using between 50-85% less dose of the light, indicating enhanced inactivation when the virus is present in organically-rich biologically-relevant media. (strath.ac.uk)
  • The virus inactivation method chosen depends on the virus and its surrounding medium. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Our study also demonstrates the Pref-1 promoter-rtTA system for inducible gene inactivation in early adipose precursor populations. (nih.gov)
  • While monitoring the effects of this heat inactivation, it happened to detect an attenuated strain, derived from the Georgia strain. (anses.fr)
  • This product has been treated in a manner consistent with methods of inactivation. (researchd.com)
  • Thus, we show that Pref-1 + cells precede PDGFRα + cells in the adipogenic pathway and that Sox9 inactivation is required for WAT growth and expansion. (nih.gov)
  • and third, the removal or inactivation of potential harmful agents," he explained. (genengnews.com)
  • He emphasized the point that study design needs to demonstrate the most economical route for carrying out efficient and robust viral removal and inactivation. (genengnews.com)
  • This survey article, organized by sample type, lists viral inactivation methods published during the past decade. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Compared to wildtype human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we used the Pref-1 promoter-rtTA system in mice for labeling Pref-1 + cells and for inducible inactivation of the Pref-1 target Sox9. (nih.gov)
  • Upon Sox9 inactivation, these Pref-1 + cells become PDGFRα + cells that express early adipogenic markers. (nih.gov)
  • The Chemagic nucleic acid extractor used by ARUP has higher analytical sensitivity than the viral inactivation and lysis protocol used in UW. (news-medical.net)
  • The D-Min™ process ensures the viral inactivation and osteoinductivity of demineralized bone matrix. (medtronic.com)
  • Development of a model to demonstrate photosensitizer-mediated viral inactivation in blood. (bvsalud.org)
  • FCV was exposed to 405 nm light whilst suspended in minimal and organically rich media to establish the virucidal efficacy and the effect biologically-relevant material may play in viral susceptibility. (strath.ac.uk)
  • The maturation step to release the individual Nsp polypeptides is executed by two viral-encoded proteases: Nsp5 (also known as Main Protease, M Pro /3C-like protease) and Nsp3 (also known as Papain-Like Protease, PL Pro ) ( Narayanan et al , 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)