• We consider the effects of the environment and both intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance on biology, disease and evolution. (nature.com)
  • This review summarizes the neuronal functions of the PIWI-piRNA pathway in multiple animal species, including their involvement in axon regeneration, behavior, memory formation, and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of adaptive memory. (molcells.org)
  • The earliest reports of skewed patterns of inheritance which today we would refer to as 'drive' were made in the first half of the 20th century, although the term 'drive' was not used until 1957. (geneconvenevi.org)
  • Two fundamental types of arguments led to this conclusion: arguments based on observations regarding patterns of inheritance, and arguments concerned with the localization of hereditary factors inside cells. (uva.nl)
  • Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
  • Bentolila S, Alfonso AA, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. (springer.com)
  • Brown GG, Formanova N, Jin H, Wargachuk R, Dendy C, Patil P, Laforest M, Zhang J, Cheung WY, Landry BS (2003) The radish Rfo restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide repeats. (springer.com)
  • Finally, higher-order 3D chromosome folding is also thought to modulate gene expression and might contribute to inheritance 15 . (nature.com)
  • The first observations of the skewed inheritance patterns that are characteristic of what we now refer to as 'gene drive' were made by a Russian researcher. (geneconvenevi.org)
  • First, between proponents of monism about heredity (gene-centric views), holism about heredity (Developmental Systems Theory), and those stressing the role of multiple systems of inheritance. (uva.nl)
  • The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Horizontal gene transfer, as this process is known, is common in the microbial world. (spectrevision.net)
  • Scientists became aware of horizontal gene transfer when bacteria started trading genes for antibiotic resistance, rendering wonder drugs less than wonderful. (spectrevision.net)
  • It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA were different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arrieta-Montiel M, Lyznik A, Woloszynska M, Janska H, Tohme J, Mackenzie S (2001) Tracing evolutionary and developmental implications of mitochondrial stoichiometric shifting in the common bean. (springer.com)
  • The study of inheritance systems is aimed at identifying and classifying the various mechanisms and processes of heredity, the types of hereditary information that is passed on by each, the functional interaction between the different systems, and the evolutionary consequences of these properties. (uva.nl)
  • General evolutionary implications are presented in section 4. (uva.nl)
  • Modern evolutionary theory equates inheritance with the transmission of genes from parents to offspring and as such focuses only on genetic inheritance (which will be further described in section 3.3.1). (uva.nl)
  • The lack of restorer lines for the newly identified male-sterility led us to predict that it might be a complete cytoplasmic male-sterility without restorer-of-fertility genes in nuclear genomes. (springer.com)
  • These observations, and the models of dual inheritance of genes and culture (e.g. (uva.nl)
  • Cultural inheritance, however, is a broad category, whereas the analysis of inheritance systems discussed below tends to be more fine-grained (see Sterelny 2001: 337). (uva.nl)
  • The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "inheritance systems" is used to describe different mechanisms, processes, and factors, by which different kinds of hereditary information and variation are stored and transmitted between generations. (uva.nl)
  • [ 1 ] The term inheritance will be used to refer to causal processes of transmission between parents and offspring that account for heredity, and the mechanisms responsible for them. (uva.nl)
  • Selection of nuclear genotypes associated with the thermo-sensitivity of Owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. (springer.com)
  • Bonhomme S, Budar F, Ferault M, Pelletier G (1991) A 2.5 kb Nco I fragment of Ogura radish mitochondrial DNA is correlated with cytoplasmic male-sterility in Brassica cybrids. (springer.com)
  • Depletion of the fragment impaired the parasite growth and apicoplast inheritance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Or 8 transfer credits of first-year biology. (ubc.ca)
  • One of BIOL 121, SCIE 001, or 8 transfer credits of first-year biology. (ubc.ca)
  • Section 3 discusses specific accounts of inheritance systems. (uva.nl)
  • Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • We discuss the interplay between epigenetics and DNA sequence variation as well as the implications of epigenetics for cellular memory and plasticity. (nature.com)
  • Combining cellular experiments and biochemical reconstitution assays, we confirm the gathering of ATG9 and ATG16L1-positive vesicles around p62 body, especially in Atg2ab DKO cells with blocked lipid transfer and vesicle fusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results may have important implications for our understanding of the ER evolution and eukaryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Discovery of a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility and its restorer lines in radish (Raphanus sativus L. (springer.com)
  • Bannerot H, Loulidard L, Cauderon MY, Tempe J (1974) Transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativus to Brassica oleracea . (springer.com)
  • Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is divided into two parts: Part I covers the basics of human genetics, such as the structure and function of DNA, the inheritance of genetic traits, the analysis of human genetic variation, and bioinformatics. (soulspeak.co.uk)
  • Finally, we present some new frontiers in epigenetics with implications for human health. (nature.com)
  • This is particularly apparent in humans, and the suggestion that social and cultural cues may serve as an additional "inheritance system" has been made many times. (uva.nl)
  • Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple inheritance processes may be implicated in the heredity of a particular phenotypic trait. (uva.nl)
  • Multiple inheritance systems may lead to multiple "parent-offspring" relations. (uva.nl)
  • We present the discussion of inheritance systems in the context of several debates. (uva.nl)
  • A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • These new techniques and their implications have given rise to commercial and ethical controversies about "ownership," which have not yet been resolved. (jrank.org)
  • Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)