• OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias and infarction, and cerebrovascular conditions including stroke [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Above all, PGRN also provides protection in the initial phase following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) occurs in patients who are successfully resuscitated from various clinical conditions such as cardiac arrest, asphyxia and shock, which are frequently accompanied by inflammation and can lead to serious neuronal injury, and further to neurodegeneration and learning and memory impairment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Munagala M, Phancao A. Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: A Review of Risk Factors and Pathogenesis. (lidsen.com)
  • Tight junction dysfunction has been implicated in a host of disease states, including a variety of autoimmune diseases. (innovatebiopharma.com)
  • [4] [5] As with other autoimmune diseases, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been implicated in systemic sclerosis development. (statpearls.com)
  • Some of these non-MHC loci have also been implicated in other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting that immune dysregulation is a very important factor in systemic sclerosis development. (statpearls.com)
  • Also, CMV has been implicated in the allograft vasculopathy, inducing similar vascular pathologic changes as SSc. (statpearls.com)
  • Ischemia - reperfusion injury also appears to be associated with tight junction dysfunction, while many cytokines, bacterial toxins, infections, and drugs have also been implicated in tight junction injury or destruction. (innovatebiopharma.com)
  • Clinical evidence suggests that tissue injury in both acute kidney injury and heart failure has immune-mediated inflammatory consequences that can initiate remote organ dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotes, cyclophilins localize ubiquitously to many cell and tissue types, though studies on PPIF focus primarily on heart, liver, and brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been implicated as important mediators of injury following cerebral ischemia [ 13 ] and contribute to pathogenesis, exacerbating brain tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) forming neutrophils were found throughout the brain tissue of TBI patients and elevated plasma NET biomarkers correlated with worse outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical evidence suggests that tissue injury such as acute kidney injury (AKI) is not an isolated event and it has become apparent that much of the increased risk of death is derived from distant complications [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After 60 min of tMCAO induction in WT mice, we collected tissue samples at 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The depletion of oxygen or glucose in ischemic brain tissue sets off a series of interrelated events that result in neurodegeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuroinflammation is one of the most important pathogeneses in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death and devastating diseases worldwide across all age groups [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lysosomes play a pivotal role in the inflammation process, and PGRN is one of the key regulators in their functioning, which contributes to the immunomodulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of CVDs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hallmark features of systemic sclerosis include immune dysregulation with inflammation, vascular injury with an anatomic and functional abnormality, and systemic interstitial fibrosis of organs and skin, leading to multisystem organ damage. (statpearls.com)
  • Neuronal damage in brain inflammation. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The seizures are usually generalized, and their frequency may increase during the 24-48 hours after onset, correlating with the phase of reperfusion injury. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • Currently, cyclophilin expression is highly correlated with cancer pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (wikipedia.org)
  • With prolonged hypoxic-ischemic insult and failure of compensatory mechanisms, cerebral blood flow falls, leading to ischemic brain injury. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we provide an overview of the microglial regulation of synapses, perisynaptic matrix, and PNNs, propose candidate mechanisms by which these structures may be modified, and present the implications of such modifications in normal brain homeostasis and in disease. (stanford.edu)
  • models that can be used to delineate cell type-specific mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis in the lung. (cancercurehere.com)
  • In C57Bl/6 (wildtype, WT), hcn2 +/+ and hcn2 -/- mice we used an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)) to depict a functional impact of HCN2 in stroke formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo rat hearts or isolated Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion with intralipid (0.5%, 1% and 2% ex-vivo, and 20% in vivo), cyclosporine-A (0.2 μM, 0.8 μM, and 1.5 μM ex- vivo and 10 mg/kg in vivo), or vehicle. (silverchair.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that a non-resolving neuroinflammatory response and delayed neuronal injury following TBI are critical secondary injury pathogenesis that can result in chronic motor and cognitive function deficits [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The top signal, cg18031596, was annotated to ANGPT1 , a gene with critical functions in angiogenesis after vascular injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fowler J, Macintyre N, Rehman S, Gaughan JP, Leslie S. The importance of surgical sequence in the treatment of lower extrmeit y injuries with concomitant vascular injury: A meta- analysis. (firebaseapp.com)
  • Though PPIF was identified as a candidate for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for one afflicted family, further study revealed no mutations in the gene to implicate it in the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The downstream regulator of PI3K/Akt is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which is a master regulator of gene expression in hypoxia, and it has the ability to influence cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia or ischemia. (springeropen.com)
  • In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, therapeutic options for posttraumatic neuroinflammation and ongoing neuronal death remain limited and are often ineffective, indicating a lack of understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of secondary brain injury post-TBI and targeted treatment approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knowledge on DCI pathogenesis, risk factors, and biomarkers are essential for early detection and improved prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with gastrointestinal malformations are subject to several potential aetiological factors contributing to negative impact on the developing brain. (bmj.com)
  • Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common secondary complication and an important cause of disability and mortality among patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common secondary complication among aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients who survived the initial bleeding caused by ruptured aneurysm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the organ crosstalk, the combination of AKI with acute lung injury remains a formidable challenge for clinicians treating critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infection is the leading cause of death and prolonged hospitalization in severely burned patients that survive the acute phase of injury. (vumc.org)
  • Moreover, it was observed that, PGRN protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have recently shown that postischemic administration of intralipid protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. (silverchair.com)
  • The complex process involves a number of different tissues and cell types, for example the smooth muscle cells in microvessels, the endothelia at the blood-brain barrier, and the resident immune cell microglia of the central nervous system [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The unsaturated chain of tocotrienol allows an efficient penetration into tissues that have saturated fatty layers such as the brain and liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the capillary endothelia of the blood brain barrier, tight junctions are the anatomical barrier interfacing blood and CNS. (innovatebiopharma.com)
  • Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first peripheral immune cells to reach the contused brain are highly involved in regulating neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis after brain injury [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Priming with Toll-like receptor 4 agonists have been shown to augment neutrophil antimicrobial responses and enhance resistance against infection after severe burn injury in mice. (vumc.org)
  • The treatment of TBI is particularly challenging because it is heterogeneous in nature and often induced various damages and complex pathogenesis pathways, which are usually classified as primary and secondary injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The actual pathogenesis of the progression from fatty liver disease to steatohepatitis to the fibrotic pathways of the liver and cancer are being studied by many research groups in hopes of developing effective interventions to stem the disease which is estimated to reach epidemic proportions over the next decade. (innovatebiopharma.com)
  • Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia. (medscape.com)
  • While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • While research in this area is still just beginning, accumulating evidence points toward a novel role for microglia in regulating the ECM during normal brain homeostasis, and such processes may, in turn, become dysfunctional in disease. (stanford.edu)
  • Figure 2: Roles of extracellular vesicles in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • We present a case of Graves' disease with a image of plain radiograph of neck showing bilateral carotid calcifications and briefly discuss the vascular insult in Graves Vascular Insults: Hemorrhage and Ischemia-Reperfusion As alluded to previously, vascular insult has delete-riouseffectsonthespinalcord,bothinitiallyatthetime ofinjuryandsubsequenttothis.Thesevascularinjuries produce both hemorrhagic and ischemic damage. (firebaseapp.com)
  • Vascular plant taxa listed on the Flora (Protection) Order, 2015 Scientific Name Scientific Name 2021-02-11 · Vascular brain changes often coexist with changes linked to other types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. (firebaseapp.com)
  • This model will be critical for future studies to determine the roles of these specialized cell types in the pathogenesis of respiratory Roflumilast N-oxide viral infection. (cancercurehere.com)
  • Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps persist in scientific understanding of risk factors, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of CAV. (lidsen.com)
  • She became junior faculty in 2015 and now has her own research program aimed at investigating immunomodulatory therapies for the prevention of infection and sepsis following a severe burn injury. (vumc.org)
  • A better understanding of these critical periods of brain development is a concern for public health and may provide new insights into prevention strategies and into novel therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatry. (micrornasynthesis.com)
  • The present study was designed to investigate the expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma and NF-kappa B in the hippocampus of rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) after treatment with agonists or antagonists of PPAR-gamma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NETs inhibitor Cl-amidine treatment improved short-term neurological functions, reduced cerebral lesion volume, reduced brain edema, and restored cerebral blood flow (CBF) after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both immune dependent and independent factors have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of CAV. (lidsen.com)
  • Because the human epigenome is sensitive to environmental stimuli, brain injury caused by aneurysm rupture can potentially trigger changes in the methylation profiles at relevant genomic sites, which may influence pathophysiological processes thereafter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a prolonged colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (CSF1Ri) approach, we report an unprecedented level of microglial depletion and establish a model system that achieves an empty microglial niche in the adult brain. (stanford.edu)
  • Ischemia-induced cell depolarization: does the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel HCN2 affect the outcome after stroke in mice? (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Resolving the differential diagnosis between brain metastases (BM), glioblastomas (GBM), and central nervous system lymphomas (CNSL) is an important dilemma for the clinical management of the main three intra-axial brain tumor types. (diagenode.com)
  • Ischemic stroke (see the image below) is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. (medscape.com)
  • Remarkable progress has been achieved in the understanding of pathogenesis, risk factors for CAV and plaque morphology. (lidsen.com)
  • This review focuses on summarizing the pathogenesis and risk factors for CAV. (lidsen.com)
  • However, together with a former study on TASK3 these results implicate that both TASK3 and HCN2 which were supposed to be neuroprotective due to their pH-dependency, do not influence ischemic neurodegeneration during stroke in the tMCAO model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In former studies the expression of two different two-pore domain potassium (K 2P ) channels (TASK1, TREK1) were shown to ameliorate neuronal damage due to cerebral ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the infarcted neocortex, hcn2 expression analyses revealed a nominal peak of hcn2 expression 6 h after reperfusion with a tendency towards lower expression levels with longer reperfusion times. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many environmental, physiological and genetic factors have been implicated in defective sperm function, the most common cause of infertility. (propoleo.cl)
  • Our findings shed light on the overlapping and distinct functional complexity and diversity of myeloid cells of the CNS and provide new insight into repopulating microglia function and dynamics in the mouse brain. (stanford.edu)
  • The goal of this study was to develop such an model, from which data can be correlated to well-established models of respiratory viral pathogenesis. (cancercurehere.com)
  • Jiao W, Chatton JY, Genoud C. Mitochondria morphometry in 3D datasets obtained from mouse brains with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. (unil.ch)