Implement response measures or interventions measures social distance. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most recently, in May 2020 TfL announced its 'Streetspace for London' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
In May 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting need to maintain social distancing, TfL announced a programme of measures that includes additional cycling provision. (wikipedia.org)
These measures were subsequently relaxed by many countries following the decline in the number of cases between late July and September 2020. (who.int)
By analysing the trend and mitigation measures in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City, from January 23 to May 9, 2020, authors of a recent research article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences illustrated that the impacts of mitigation measures were discernable from the trends of the pandemic. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Numerical experiments from our model show that the control policies implemented in NYC reduced the number of infections by 72% (IQR 53-95), and the number of deceased cases by 76% (IQR 58-96) by the end of 2020, respectively. (medrxiv.org)
The Egyptian Ministry of Local Development issued a statement, on 15 March 2020, to all governorates covering the precautionary measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 as per the Ministry of Health and Population and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in this regard. (who.int)
The Spanish Government implemented on March 14, 2020, a general lockdown period with a stay-at-home requirement. (biomedcentral.com)
Students began online education, distance learning and digital instruction at the university from March 2020, until the end of the academic year in July 2020. (biomedcentral.com)
Between September 2020 to July 2021, a hybrid and flexible model (face-to-face instruction and distance learning) started in all Spanish Universities [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
After these first three confirmed cases, the state of emergency was declared for 6 months as a containment measure which was extended by another 6 months from the 28th September 2020. (who.int)

Therefore, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing ( 2 ), will be heavily relied on by health authorities to slow influenza transmission in the community, with 3 desired outcomes ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
In the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment for COVID-19, countries have adopted nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and full lockdown. (jmir.org)
We aim to explore the utility of the recently developed open-source mobile health platform Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse (RADAR)-base as a toolbox to rapidly test the effect and response to NPIs intended to limit the spread of COVID-19. (jmir.org)
A study by the University of Southampton examining non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the new coronavirus (COVID-19) in China shows that a range of early, coordinated and targeted measures are needed to help significantly reduce its spread. (southampton.ac.uk)
Background In the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment for COVID-19, countries have adopted Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and full lockdown. (phidatalab.org)
Here we explore the utility of the recently developed open-source mobile health platform RADAR-base as a toolbox to test the effect and response to NPIs aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19. (phidatalab.org)
In this study, we presented an age-specific susceptible-exposed-infected-recovery-death model that considers the unique characteristics of COVID-19 to examine the effectiveness of various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in New York City (NYC). (medrxiv.org)
Among all the NPIs, social distancing for the entire population and the protection for the elderly in the public facilities is the most effective control measure in reducing severe infections and deceased cases. (medrxiv.org)
Our simulation results provide novel insights into the city-specific implementation of NPIs with minimal social disruption considering the locations and population characteristics. (medrxiv.org)
A variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the transmission by lowering contact intensity at different locations ( 2 ), such as school closure, workplace shutdown, and the closure of bars, churches, and other public facilities, which has been shown to be successful in China ( 3 ), South Korea ( 4 ), and other countries ( 5 ). (medrxiv.org)
The NPIs, such as city-wide school closures, were implemented as part of its State of Emergency plan ( 6 ) in New York City (NYC) that has been identified as a major epicenter with over 258,000 cases and 23,915 confirmed deaths ( 7 ). (medrxiv.org)
However, the effectiveness of these NPIs remains unclear, promoting a critical need to evaluate them and to derive more effective NPIs with the consideration of social disruption. (medrxiv.org)
They found that introducing any restrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions' (NPIs) such as reduced working hours, working from home and social distancing helped curb the rise of infections in nine out of 10 study countries, except for Spain, where the effect was "non-significant . (rt.com)

We conducted systematic reviews of the evidence base for effectiveness of multiple mitigation measures: isolating ill persons, contact tracing, quarantining exposed persons, school closures, workplace measures/closures, and avoiding crowding. (cdc.gov)
The research also found that improved disease detection, isolation of cases and social distancing (for example, the cancelling of large public events, working from home and school closures) are likely to have had a far greater positive impact on containment than travel restrictions. (southampton.ac.uk)
As a consequence of the rise in the number of cases during the first wave, countries introduced a series of strict prevention measures including restriction of movements, travel bans, curfews, closures of schools, workplaces, restaurants and bars and sport activities. (who.int)
During the 1918 flu pandemic , authorities in the US implemented school closures, bans on public gatherings, and other social distancing interventions in Philadelphia and in St. Louis, but in Philadelphia the delay of five days in initiating these measures allowed transmission rates to double three to five times, whereas a more immediate response in St. Louis was significant in reducing transmission there. (kiddle.co)
Similarly, mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates during the 2009 flu epidemic in Mexico. (kiddle.co)
In the first few days of implementing the ban, there were some violations which were met with hefty fines reaching up to 40 000 Egyptian Pounds (USD 2500), closures and confiscation of waterpipes. (who.int)
The rationale for considering school closures as a frontline intervention is that children and young adults are thought to be the most susceptible to any influenza virus due to their high contact rates within school clusters and limited (or no) immunity to a circulating virus strain when compared to adults. (biomedcentral.com)
3 , 4 Closures may be proactive (occurring before transmission is established in the school) or reactive (a response to a school-based outbreak), and may involve closure of whole school(s) or dismissal of individual classes. (bmj.com)
Border closures and social distancing decrees that governments imposed to prevent the spread of the virus have forced cuts to both imports and domestic production, reducing food availability. (refugeesinternational.org)
They range from surveillance, contact tracing, mask wearing and physical distancing to social measures, such as restricting mass gatherings and modifying school and business openings and closures. (who.int)

1 it relies on the concept that mass prophylactic administration of antiviral drugs, combined with quarantine and social distancing measures, could contain or delay the international spread of an emerging influenza virus. (who.int)
Pandemics are inherently social phenomena, and public health measures intended to curtail transmission of COVID-19 (e.g., quarantine and social distancing) have consequences for individuals with anxiety and depression. (mdpi.com)

Intended impact of social distancing measures as nonpharmaceutical interventions for an influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Social distancing is a set of nonpharmaceutical infection control actions intended to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease . (kiddle.co)
Public health and social measures (PHSM) are nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by individuals, communities, governments and institutions to reduce the risk and scale of epidemic- and pandemic-prone infectious disease transmission. (who.int)

Additionally, this guidance is largely focused on trials of pharmacological interventions and does not address issues around the remote delivery and fidelity monitoring of non-pharmacological interventions. (biomedcentral.com)

Study author Dr Shengjie Lai , of the University of Southampton, comments: "Our study demonstrates how important it is for countries which are facing an imminent outbreak to proactively plan a coordinated response which swiftly tackles the spread of the disease on a number of fronts. (southampton.ac.uk)
We also show that China's comprehensive response, in a relatively short period, greatly reduced the potential health impact of the outbreak. (southampton.ac.uk)
The second layer of defense operates primarily during the early phase of an outbreak through identification and protection of at-risk populations, scaling up of testing and contact tracing, epidemic intelligence, risk communication, and public health measures. (bmj.com)
Communities may supplement these basic elements with enhanced control measures that might be needed to address an escalating outbreak, changing transmission patterns or characteristics, variations in compliance, uncertainties about the effectiveness of basic control measures, feasibility and acceptability of specific interventions, or political pressures. (cdc.gov)
As the level of SARS-CoV transmission during an outbreak is dynamic, response activities, by necessity, must also be dynamic. (cdc.gov)
Although jurisdictions will need to adjust the types and level of response measures to local conditions and resources, they will also need to coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions to ensure consistency among responses and minimize confusion or mistrust that may derive from inexplicable differences in outbreak control strategies. (cdc.gov)
Swift actions to the initial outbreak were undertaken in China, as reflected by nearly simultaneous implementation of various aggressive mitigation measures. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Participants may carry out tasks in response to outbreak information (e.g. prepare a line list of cases, develop talking points for a press conference, calculate required doses of prophylaxis) or, when time is constrained, they may be asked to describe the actions they would take. (who.int)
Britain on Tuesday ramped up its response to the escalating coronavirus outbreak after the government imposed unprecedented peacetime measures prompted by scientific advice that infections and deaths would spiral without drastic action. (24newshd.tv)
The latest measures sparked concern about the impact on business, especially in the hospitality industry, amid fears of an extensive economic fall-out from the outbreak. (24newshd.tv)
Please know, Mohawk Ambulance Service is committed to exercising additional precautions in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and are in accordance with guidelines from the New York State Department of Health and our local health departments. (mohawkambulanceservice.com)
They say absent government lockdowns, the virus could have killed millions of people - and that protective measures including quarantining and social distancing have successfully "flattened the curve" of the infectious outbreak. (fitsnews.com)
However, as schools often closed late in the outbreak or other interventions were used concurrently, it was sometimes unclear how much school closure contributed to the reductions in incidence. (bmj.com)
Following the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, numerous measures were enacted to prevent further spread of the disease to other parts of China. (jmir.org)
4.3 Outbreak detection and investigation/coordination of outbreak response. (who.int)

For example, social distancing measures, including city lockdown and stay-at-home orders, were implemented well before face covering was mandated in Italy and NYC, and this sequence left an extended window (28 days in Italy and 32 days in NYC) for largely uninterrupted airborne transmission to spread the disease. (criticalcatalyst.com)
However, when they compared epidemic spreads in places that implemented less restrictive measures with those opting for a full-blown lockdown they found " no clear, significant beneficial effect " of the latter on the number of cases in any country. (rt.com)

Population mapping work by WorldPop, funded primarily by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is helping to inform the World Health Organisation and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about the potential spread of COVID-19 and provides valuable information about how best to effectively target interventions in countries globally. (southampton.ac.uk)
As countries draw on the lessons of COVID-19 to prevent future pandemics, they should give priority to investments that transform their systems, particularly in the pre-crises phase, to preparedness and early response through a multi-layered defense. (bmj.com)
Early intervention has been key to contain the number of fatalities: the greater the time lapse between the first COVID‑19 case and the implementation of guidelines on tackling COVID‑19 in LTC, the higher the number of LTC deaths per million population among people aged 80 and over. (oecd.org)
Several potential events for COVID-19 spread where social distancing was largely ignored were also observed during this period including election rallies, end of school year parties and other mass gathering events like demonstrations and riots. (who.int)
Further, limited or incorrect use of face masks and general COVID-19 fatigue led to reduced adherence to public health and social measures, complacency and decreased risk perception to COVID-19 which poses an ongoing threat to citizens1. (who.int)
Countries need to strengthen the capacity to track COVID-19 surges in order to effectively anticipate, timely detect and implement priority actions for a possible third wave and future resurgences. (who.int)
Transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were studied by analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in the three epicenters. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. (criticalcatalyst.com)
The governments' responses to the COVID pandemic have so far differed significantly worldwide. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Curbing the COVID-19 relies not only on decisive and sweeping actions but also, critically, on the scientific understanding of the virus transmission routes, which determines the effectiveness of the mitigation measures. (criticalcatalyst.com)
By convening the entire Fast-Track Cities network, we intend to publicize their successes, but also strategize around the cross-cutting challenges we encounter to accelerate the responses to HIV, TB, and viral hepatitis, especially as we regain momentum lost during the COVID-19 pandemic. (iapac.org)
Unfortunately, a disagreement arose between the international community/donors and the Afghan government about whether the COVID response should be managed by NGOs or the government. (washington.edu)
The government insisted that responding to COVID is the state's responsibility, and that if NGOs continued to manage Afghanistan's response their political legitimacy would be questioned. (washington.edu)
There have been many efforts to politicize this issue in Afghanistan when the response to COVID should not be politicized anywhere. (washington.edu)
We have demonstrated that generalised open-source mobile health monitoring platforms such as RADAR-base which leverages data from wearables and mobile technologies are valuable tools for helping understand the behavioural impact of public health interventions implemented in response to infectious outbreaks such as COVID-19. (phidatalab.org)
COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing guidelines have changed many aspects of people's daily lives including the way that they interact within their social environment. (mdpi.com)
Using qualitative methods, respondents with previously diagnosed anxiety or depression identified ways in which COVID-19 affected their symptoms at multiple levels of the social ecological model (SEM). (mdpi.com)
The Government of Egypt has setup the Higher Committee for Novel Coronavirus Crisis Management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (who.int)
The Committee is tasked with following-up on the implementation of precautionary measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic and develop emergency plans to address any situation arising during the crisis. (who.int)
The Ministry of Health and Population has run a nationwide campaign on awareness and precautionary measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. (who.int)
The proportion of COVID-19 deaths that occurred in nursing homes was often higher " under tough restrictions " rather than under less restrictive measures . (rt.com)
Strategies for overcoming common challenges to non-COVID-19 trial continuation have been reported, but this literature is limited to pharmacological intervention trials from high-income settings. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe the challenges posed by COVID-19 for a randomised feasibility trial of a psychological intervention for adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa, and lessons learned when implementing strategies to facilitate trial continuation in this context. (biomedcentral.com)
Whether our hospitals and health care workers can handle the challenge of COVID-19 will depend entirely on how seriously we take social distancing and hygiene policies , like not eating out, not going to bars, staying six feet apart, working from home, not gathering in groups of more than 10 and washing our hands. (alreporter.com)
For each region, it shows the number of available hospital beds on average, and the number of hospital beds that could potentially be made available if hospitals take drastic measures to clear out non-COVID patients. (alreporter.com)
The UK should support a locally led global response to Covid-19 that recognises the disproportionate impact of this pandemic on vulnerable groups in developing countries (including refugees, IDPs and women and girls). (parliament.uk)
The UK should support and encourage the full inclusion of refugees, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and migrants into Covid-19 preparedness and response plans. (parliament.uk)
Thirty members of Imperial College London's COVID-19 response team concluded in a paper that suppression was "the preferred policy option" to curb the spread of the virus. (24newshd.tv)
The study's lead author, epidemiologist Neil Ferguson, is advising the British government's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, which is helping coordinate its COVID-19 response. (24newshd.tv)
By the time Mexico declared a national emergency, assembled the General Health Council, and enabled the Secretary of Health to begin issuing emergency measures, more than 50 days had passed since the World Health Organization warned of the serious dangers that COVID-19 presents. (theregreview.org)
The Ministry of Health initiated measures to monitor potential COVID-19 cases among citizens and travelers, to establish scientific diagnosis and treatment protocols, and to train health professionals on providing medical attention to infected patients. (theregreview.org)
Nine Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have formed an alliance to implement US$100,000 (COVID-19) response project aimed at scaling up measures to control community spread of the disease in the Bono, Bono East, and Ahafo Regions. (com.gh)
Dubbed "COVID-19 Vulnerable Communities Support (CVCS) Project", it will support CSOs' collaborative efforts around COVID-19 and stimulate creative interventions that promote resilience within vulnerable communities. (com.gh)
Under the project opportunities would be opened up for community-based organisations, women and youth networks to apply for small grants to scale-up COVID-19 awareness and precautionary measures, supporting vulnerable households as well as vigorously combating discrimination and stigmatization of COVID-19. (com.gh)
Mr. Ahenu emphasised that effective prevention as well as rehabilitation interventions ought to be strengthened in vulnerable communities to address post-COVID-19 emergencies. (com.gh)
It further seeks to mitigate educational disruption with a focus on supporting parents and guardians to encourage their children to do distance learning practices and promoting community resilience to the COVID-19 as well. (com.gh)
At the time the 2007 research was released, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading adviser in the U.S. response to COVID-19, the disease caused by the current coronavirus, said the evidence was clear that early intervention was critical in the midst of the 1918 pandemic. (ijpr.org)
All Mohawk Ambulance Service personnel have been trained to take protective measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. (mohawkambulanceservice.com)
ESPEN praises Italy's leadership and prioritization of global health in the G20 Agenda, welcomes and highly appreciates Italy's strong commitment to universal and equitable access to medicines and COVID-19 response, strengthening health systems and emphasizing multilateralism. (who.int)
Additional investments from international donors to close the treatment gap and contribute to attain universal health coverage are urgently needed to support the COVID-19 response in Africa and reach the remaining 150 million people who miss out on preventive treatment for NTDs due to lack of funding for treatment distribution. (who.int)
80% of African NTD Community health workers are currently involved in the COVID-19 response actions. (who.int)
Leveraging and strengthening NTD programs will not only work to support the COVID-19 response and decrease the risk of acquiring COVID-19 and other infectious and non-communicable diseases in Africa, it will also accelerate the elimination of the most prevalent NTDs in Africa, and alleviate the suffering of women and girls who bear the largest burden of consequence of the NTDs. (who.int)
In the absence of a vaccine, public health messaging to mitigate risks for COVID-19 primarily focuses on social distancing. (sbm.org)
Because people living with HIV commonly experience mistreatment associated with HIV, their response to social distancing may be complicated by psychosocial attitudes associated with COVID-19. (sbm.org)
The current study applied an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of social distancing behavior, and the processes involved, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. (sbm.org)
The purpose of this commentary is to describe the challenges and innovative research methods developed in response to COVID-19 to continue Latinx health disparities research in the context of COVID-19. (sbm.org)
People issuing warnings on social media - most famously Dr. Li Wenliang , who later died from what we now know as COVID-19 - were rounded up and reprimanded by police. (thediplomat.com)
The COVID-19 Inter-agency Response Plan for the coming three months, is less than 23 per cent funded. (ochaopt.org)
As part of the COVID-19 response, the MoH, with UNICEF, WHO and the private sector, activated its risk communication plan, which aims at disseminating public health awareness messages and addressing uncertainty and misinformation. (ochaopt.org)
Timeline for the initial major responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in eight Latin American countries, by country. (ajtmh.org)
In conclusion, the aggravation of physical inactivity emerges as a relevant "adverse effect" of the social isolation measures taken to combat the spread of COVID‐19. (natap.org)
Efforts toward the development of public health actions, clinical interventions, and rigorous top‐quality science on physical (in)activity due to imposed quarantine during COVID‐19 are warranted. (natap.org)
Given the lack of available evidence‐based treatments and vaccines for COVID‐19, public health actions are of the utmost importance, with social distancing being recommended for infection control.3, 4 Despite the latter's positive effects on disease spread, the potential increase in sedentary behavior due to isolation can be detrimental to health. (natap.org)
It might feel heartless when President Donald Trump muses about whether the "cure is worse than the problem," as though a plunging stock market and a patchwork of business and travel shutdowns could possibly outweigh the lives saved by America's response to the Covid-19 pandemic. (marcapolitica.org)
With respect to Covid-19, an exhaustive cost-benefit analysis is even harder because of limitations in our ability to track the disease's spread, predict the human response to it and analyze the effects that policy will have in slowing its transmission. (marcapolitica.org)
World Vision and World Food Programme are implementing COVID-19 preventive measures in food distribution sites to protect both staff and beneficiaries and limit the spread of virus in Mozambique. (wvi.org)
KAP, diagnosis, or perceived fear of COVID must be taken together in consideration for health interventions and public health campaigns design. (biomedcentral.com)
Report response need to be identified and addressed to enhance capacities to suppress a resurgence of transmission of COVID-19. (who.int)
The general objective of this review was to conduct a rapid assessment (situational analysis) in order to understand the national/sub-national COVID-19 situation and the response in Botswana. (who.int)
1. To provide an opportunity to share experiences and collectively analyze the ongoing in-country response to COVID-19 by identifying chal enges and best practices. (who.int)
We're pleased to have with us Ms. Erica Tindall, who is a public health analyst with Northrop Grumman, supporting CDC's COVID-19 response, Dr. Febe Wallace, who's the director of primary care at Cherokee Health Systems, Dr. (cdc.gov)
The objective was to investigate the factors that generate stress in the residential environment of Brazilians during the social distancing measures that were established to control the pandemic of COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Objetivou-se investigar os fatores geradores de estresse no ambiente residencial de brasileiros durante o distanciamento social estabelecido para controle da pandemia de COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Aislamiento social y estresores ambientales en los hogares en tiempos de COVID-19: una perspectiva desde la psicología ambiental. (bvsalud.org)
El objetivo fue investigar los factores que generan estrés en el ambiente residencial de los brasileños durante el aislamiento social establecido para controlar la pandemia de COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
From this perspective, optimizing glycemic control and COVID-19 preventive measures are vital. (bvsalud.org)
Last month, the United Nations acknowledged in its Comprehensive Response to COVID-19 ( UN, 2020b ) that national and local governments have implemented policies and launched investments to -among others -expanded areas of green, public spaces, as a result of the recommendations for a green recovery in the abovementioned policy brief. (lu.se)
Our second presenter is Dr. Romeo Galang from the Clinical Team on the Healthcare Response and Worker Safety Task Force for CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response. (cdc.gov)
COVID-19 Emergency Response. (cdc.gov)

He indicated that urban slums and affected mining settlements and communities had a dense population and experienced acute poverty, which made social distancing and best hygiene protocols difficult to practice. (com.gh)
MDA) for NTDs complemented by water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (WASH). These are recognized as the most cost-effective elimination strategies against NTDs. (who.int)

The A/H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic revealed that operational issues of school closure interventions, such as when school closure should be initiated (activation trigger), how long schools should be closed (duration) and what type of school closure should be adopted, varied greatly between and within countries. (biomedcentral.com)

This resurgence in cases led to the re-introduction of stringent public health and social measures to control transmission and mitigate severe illnesses and deaths, as well as the socio-economic impact. (who.int)
Projections from Imperial College London indicate that the difference between immediate action to suppress the virus, and delayed or minimal interventions to mitigate it, translates to tens of millions of lives saved or lost in developing countries. (parliament.uk)
It is hard to imagine a clearer warning than this statement from the World Health Organization, all but urging the Mexican government to convene the General Health Council and authorize the Secretary of Health to issue emergency measures to avoid or mitigate such a catastrophic scenario. (theregreview.org)

Experts believe strict adherence to social distancing policies could spread the rate of infection out over 18 months, easing the burden on our hospitals, that's what "flattening the curve means. (alreporter.com)
Besides, inte- grated and timely measures that contribute to disease self-management and self-care, uninterrupted follow-up of treatment, and adherence to the care plan must be articulated(3). (bvsalud.org)

The objective of social distancing is to reduce the probability of contact between persons carrying an infection, and others who are not infected, so as to minimize disease transmission, morbidity and ultimately, mortality . (kiddle.co)
Social distancing may be less effective in cases where the infection is transmitted primarily via contaminated water or food or by vectors such as mosquitoes or other insects, and less frequently from person to person. (kiddle.co)
It also increases caregivers' burden and financial costs for implementing proper measures to prevent infection. (frontiersin.org)
The researchers conclude by saying that although they couldn't exclude some " small benefits ," they failed to find any " significant benefits " of more restrictive measures on the spread of infection. (rt.com)

In communities living in poverty, the virus is likely to spread more rapidly because these communities may not be able to implement the most effective prevention measures such as regular hand washing without readily available water and soap, or social distancing measures due to the living conditions. (who.int)
Intervention measures include social distancing, mandatory hand-washing with water and soap, and use of face masks prior to accessing distribution sites and awareness-raising sessions provided by the Government's health personnel. (wvi.org)

Social distancing measures are essential components of the public health response to influenza pandemics. (cdc.gov)
Fiji has successfully broken the chain of transmission within the community with strong and timely public health measures, and particularly with the early removal of every case and their close contacts into dedicated health facility with monitored isolation. (who.int)
SARS response activities can overwhelm public health and healthcare resources. (cdc.gov)
In addition, enhancing LTC response to emergencies requires co‑ordination channels between public health authorities and the social sector, but also adequate follow-up mechanisms on the strategies undertaken with standardised data on infections and characteristics of facilities and residents. (oecd.org)
Given the leadership of the multiple public health actors that are driving Sevilla's response to HIV, the theme 'Leading Together' is ideal for the Fast-Track Cities 2022 conference that we will hold in your city," said Dr. José M. Zúñiga, President/CEO of IAPAC and the Fast-Track Cities Institute. (iapac.org)
Computer simulation can be used to examine school closure intervention strategies in order to inform public health authorities as they refine school closure guidelines in light of experience with the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
This submission is divided into three substantive sections i ) A global public health plan ii) Economic rescue package, and iii) The emergency humanitarian response, ending with case studies of the impact of the pandemic in Afghanistan and Yemen. (parliament.uk)
had a vastly different public health response. (ijpr.org)
They really tried to limit the travel of people and implement Public Health 101 - isolating and treating the sick, quarantining the people who have been exposed to disease, closing the schools, encouraging social distancing of people," Harris says. (ijpr.org)
Previous studies suggest that knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are useful to assess compliance with the preventive measures and public health policies. (biomedcentral.com)
Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, defines telehealth as the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long distance clinical healthcare, patient and professional health related education, and public health and health administration services. (cdc.gov)

The focus has to shift from containment to mitigation, meaning that instead of stopping individual transmission, the goal is to implement societal interventions of social distancing. (bangordailynews.com)
This paper analyses 'mission-oriented innovation policies' (MOIPs), a new type of systemic intervention that a growing number of countries has implemented in order to tackle mounting societal challenges. (oecd.org)

Schools were closed and public gatherings banned, but businesses, including restaurants, have been allowed to stay open, albeit with strict protocols in place on distancing between people. (thediplomat.com)
The Palestinian Authority (PA) has been gradually scaling up access restrictions and social isolation measures across the West Bank, including a suspension of all educational activities, a prohibition on public gatherings, a closure of the Bethlehem urban area, and a halt in Palestinian employment in Israeli settlements (the latter measure has been largely unenforced). (ochaopt.org)

The objective of these mitigation measures is to reduce transmission, thereby delaying the epidemic peak, reducing the size of the epidemic peak, and spreading cases over a longer time to relieve pressure on the healthcare system. (cdc.gov)
Our objective was to review the evidence base for social distancing measures, focusing on the evidence supporting the effectiveness of these measures in reducing influenza transmission in the community. (cdc.gov)
An objective and quantitative means of passively monitoring the impact and response of these interventions at a local level is needed. (jmir.org)

Prime Minister Boris Johnson has faced criticism for his approach to the pandemic, which had involved holding off on imposing the strict measures seen in other countries. (24newshd.tv)
In Sweden for instance, where there has not been strict quarantine measures but a call for physical distancing, public life in parks, playgrounds, outdoor serving areas (e.g. in restaurants, bars, coffee shops, etc.) have been crucial for social, cultural and economic life in urban areas. (lu.se)

The Council's main function is to declare the existence of a national health emergency-like signaling a hurricane approaching the shore-and to authorize the Secretary of Health to issue all the preventive and exceptional measures that such circumstances would demand. (theregreview.org)
Being afraid has also been found to correlate with more engagement with preventive measures. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of these measures was obtained largely from observational studies and simulation studies. (cdc.gov)
Although a clear biological and epidemiologic rationale supports the potential effectiveness of social distancing measures, there are few opportunities for rigorous controlled trials of community interventions against influenza. (cdc.gov)
However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. (criticalcatalyst.com)
An individual-based simulation model was used to investigate the effectiveness of school closure interventions for influenza pandemics with R 0 of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. (biomedcentral.com)
The effectiveness of individual school closure and simultaneous school closure were analyzed for 2, 4 and 8 weeks closure duration, with a daily diagnosed case based intervention activation trigger scheme. (biomedcentral.com)

It was observed that several cities experienced a second epidemic peak after social distancing controls were lifted, because susceptible individuals who had been protected were now exposed. (kiddle.co)

Implementation of these measures required rapid, firm action by authorities, including prompt mobilization of repressive police forces. (cdc.gov)
On the other hand, the response to the pandemic was generally slow in the western world, and implementation of the intervention measures occurred only consecutively. (criticalcatalyst.com)
The simultaneous implementation of face covering and social distancing, such as that undertaken in China, was most optimal, and this configuration, in conjunction with extensive testing and contact tracing, was responsible for the curve flattening in China. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Also, there likely existed remnants of virus transmission after the implementation of regulatory measures, because of circumstances when the measures were not practical or were disobeyed and/or imperfection of the measures. (criticalcatalyst.com)

It shows that without non-pharmaceutical interventions - such as early detection, isolation of cases, travel restrictions and cordon sanitaire - the number of infected people would have been 67 times larger than that which actually occurred. (southampton.ac.uk)
People maintaining social distance while waiting to enter a store. (kiddle.co)
Participants, who may include WHO staff, ministry of health officials and people from other government agencies potentially involved in pandemic response, work through and discuss the decision-making process and actions necessary to implement RC based on their current pandemic preparedness plans. (who.int)
For example, Babyloid ( Kanoh, 2015 ), which is a baby robot modeled on a baby beluga whale, is an application for interactive doll therapy because it can show reactions such as six kinds of emotional facial expressions as well as play a recorded voice of a one-year-old child and move its neck, mouth, and eyes in response to the actions of older people. (frontiersin.org)
But, if social distancing measures aren't followed and people go about their lives as usual, the curve could spike, meaning roughly the same proportion of the population could be infected over a shorter period of time-like over the course of six months instead of 12 or 18 months. (alreporter.com)
The moves came as tougher emergency restrictions on social contacts are expected to be introduced, including forcing people with serious health conditions to stay at home for three months. (24newshd.tv)
The idea is to increase social distancing in order to slow the spread of the virus, so that you don't get a huge spike in the number of people getting sick all at once. (ijpr.org)
These measures escalated on 22 March, when the PA announced a comprehensive curfew for 14 days, which obliges people to stay at home, except for the purchase of food and medicine, or in case of emergencies. (ochaopt.org)
People are social, and even in times of social distancing, they have contacts, and any of those contacts could spread the disease," he said. (fitsnews.com)
Knowledge seems to help to identify why some people comply with the measures and others do not. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, knowledge provides information on which people interventions should be aimed at [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In many cities around the globe, quarantine measures and restrictions on mobility are making people work from home or home schooling. (lu.se)

More drastic social distancing measures might be reserved for severe pandemics. (cdc.gov)

A debate is raging across America as to when governments should begin lifting the various stay-at-home orders implemented in response to the coronavirus pandemic . (fitsnews.com)
Directly opposing the containment measures implemented by governments around the world, Wittkowski noted that the typical life cycle of a respiratory disease is around two weeks. (fitsnews.com)
Now, as the Sahelian governments of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger scramble to implement measures to contain the virus, some policies are inadvertently endangering the food security of millions. (refugeesinternational.org)

The recent extensive contact tracing studies, including modeling analysis of mitigation measures, have never been discussed or mentioned by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in addressing critiques of its stance in favor of school reopenings. (wsws.org)

The authors suggest social distancing should be continued for the next few months in China to prevent case numbers increasing again after the lifting of travel restrictions in late February. (southampton.ac.uk)
Measures such as community lockdowns and border restrictions may be effective in containing the virus. (refugeesinternational.org)
In megacities with little green space per capita, such as my home town of Buenos Aires, quarantine measures, and restrictions on mobility, have made interaction with other city dwellers and outdoor life difficult to enjoy. (lu.se)

This brief looks at mortality rates in care homes, as well as the policy responses undertaken during the pandemic. (oecd.org)

The sobering assessment saw London and Washington both announce stringent new social distancing measures on Monday. (24newshd.tv)

The public clearly still remembers the lessons from SARS and reverted to mask-wearing and social distancing protocols more easily than many other populations. (thediplomat.com)

It's time for all sectors to implement social distancing measures that are in their control. (bangordailynews.com)
Assess and identify gaps in capacities of health and nonhealth sectors to implement, adjust and monitor PHSM to address priority hazards for health emergencies. (who.int)

Mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Clearly, the responsiveness of the mitigation measures governed the evolution, scope, and magnitude of the pandemic globally. (criticalcatalyst.com)
However, it is implausible that the limitations of mitigation measures alone contributed dominantly to the global pandemic trend, as exemplified by the success in China. (criticalcatalyst.com)

The first layer is the primary foundation of pandemic defense that, among other measures, focusses on pandemic risk reduction and emphasizes primary health care systems that can monitor and detect emerging disease outbreaks at the community level. (bmj.com)
The proposed approach to SARS preparedness and response reflects what has been learned to date about SARS-CoV transmission and the interventions that were used to contain the 2003 global outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
The available data suggest that school closure can be a useful intervention during influenza outbreaks, with the greatest benefits occurring among school-aged children. (bmj.com)

From the direct health impact to economic, social, and political consequences, the pandemic has the potential to reshape countries across the globe - even those yet to report any confirmed cases. (thediplomat.com)
If PHSM are not implemented with a focus on equity and consideration of risks and benefits, they can have unintended negative consequences on the health and well-being of individuals, societies and economies, such as by increasing loneliness, food insecurity, the risk of domestic violence and reducing household income and productivity. (who.int)
PHSM are systematically integrated into health emergency management plans, policies, financing, governance and leadership in all relevant sectors at national, subnational and community levels across the health emergency actions, with consideration for interventions that are evidence- driven, context-specific and sensitive to trade-offs between benefits and unintended negative consequences for individuals and communities. (who.int)
Regularly assess the benefits versus unintended negative consequences of PHSM during health emergencies and implement relevant social protection policies to reduce negative consequences across health, social and economic factors. (who.int)

Research has shown that the faster authorities moved to implement the kinds of social distancing measures designed to slow the transmission of disease, the more lives were saved. (ijpr.org)

To date, the process of implementing the global Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） and global climate change mitigation and adaptation obligations has been largely decoupling in most countries. (yamaguchi-u.ac.jp)

Social distancing measures aim to reduce the frequency of contact and increase physical distance between persons, thereby reducing the risks of person-to-person transmission. (cdc.gov)
We derived nine features on a daily basis including time spent at home, maximum distance travelled from home, the maximum number of Bluetooth-enabled nearby devices (as a proxy for physical distancing), step count, average heart rate, sleep duration, bedtime, phone unlock duration, and social app use duration. (jmir.org)
Staying home, health experts say, is a means of social distancing - reducing the amount of close physical contact between individuals. (contexts.org)
There is evidence that older individuals with higher age‐adjusted cardiovascular fitness and regular physical activity show better vaccine responses, lower low‐grade inflammation, and improved immune markers in various conditions, including cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. (natap.org)
Sexual arousal is defined as increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and lubrication/swelling response associated with erotic psychic and physical stimulation. (medscape.com)
Physical distance from relatives, friends, neighbours, and colleagues is affecting everyone, despite differences in how this is experienced and/or perceived, as mentioned in previous blogposts here. (lu.se)
It can be argued that those living in cities -and more so those megacities in the Global South where social and spatial inequalities are higher- are experiencing the negative physical, emotional and psychological effects of the pandemic more than those living in rural settings. (lu.se)
Those living in small urban agglomerations with good access to green or open space have better chances to pass through quarantine, enjoy open air activities with physical distance and interaction with others. (lu.se)

This framework highlights the interventions that enable countries to better prevent, detect and contain epidemic threats, and that strengthen the efficient use of limited resources towards high-impact precrises systems. (bmj.com)
The potentially substantial health, social, and economic impact of SARS-CoV requires a swift and bold response that is appropriate to the situation yet minimizes unnecessary disruptions and respects human dignity. (cdc.gov)
Bootsma and Ferguson analyzed social distancing interventions in 16 US cities during the 1918 epidemic and found that time-limited interventions reduced total mortality only moderately (perhaps 10-30%), and that the impact was often very limited because the interventions were introduced too late and lifted too early. (kiddle.co)
Establishing and strengthening typhoid fever surveillance will be important to measure vaccine impact. (cdc.gov)
ESPEN works with countries to improving access to NTD interventions in conflict affected areas mitigating the impact of health emergencies on the population. (who.int)
Fitbit) provide preliminary estimates of the impact of current social distancing on daily step counts. (natap.org)

Consequently, as countries plan ahead to prevent future pandemics, they should give priority to investments that transform their systems, particularly in the precrises phase, to preparedness and response through a multilayered defence. (bmj.com)
The foundation of the proposed approach is a set of fundamental elements on which communities might base their preparedness and response activities. (cdc.gov)
Form a national working group with stakeholders from relevant sectors to develop common standards and strategic work plans for health emergency preparedness and response. (who.int)

It targets individuals and organisations implementing direct interventions and community-led mobilization to minimize the spread of the virus and building resilience in vulnerable communities. (com.gh)
7.2 Importance of advocacy and social mobilization activities in controlling avian influenza. (who.int)

Our border control measures were instituted and rapidly escalated as the pandemic continued its global spread. (who.int)

This allowed them to understand how variations in the timing, level and combinations of interventions affect speed and transmission of the disease. (southampton.ac.uk)
The key to understanding transmission dynamics and knowing when to escalate the response at the local level is a surveillance system that provides ready access to timely information on the number of new cases, the likely source of exposure for cases, the number of cases not previously identified as contacts, and the number of contacts (prospective cases) with high-risk exposures to known cases. (cdc.gov)
Historically, leper colonies and lazarettos were established as a means of preventing the spread of leprosy and other contagious diseases through social distancing, until transmission was understood and effective treatments were invented. (kiddle.co)
These measures minimized short-range contact transmission but did not prevent long-range airborne transmission, responsible for the inefficient containing of the pandemic in the United States. (criticalcatalyst.com)
Mandated face covering, such as those implemented in China, Italy, and NYC, seems to have effectively prevented airborne transmission by blocking atomization and inhalation of virus-bearing aerosols and contact transmission by blocking viral shedding of droplets. (criticalcatalyst.com)
While the combined face-covering and social distancing measures offered dual protection against the virus transmission routes, the timing and sequence in implementing the measures also exhibited distinct outcomes during the pandemic. (criticalcatalyst.com)
5 These supplies are reserved for early intervention when initial signs of increased human-to-human transmission of a highly contagious influenza virus occur. (who.int)
They predicted transmission would "quickly rebound if interventions are relaxed", it added. (24newshd.tv)
Social distancing cuts the number of opportunities for person-to-person transmission, slowing the (inevitable) spread of the virus and lessening the burden on the nation's healthcare system. (contexts.org)
Interventions that have resulted to reduced transmission in some districts need to be identified and further replicated. (who.int)

2.0), long duration school closure should begin as soon as possible and be combined with other interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Among those intervention strategies, school closure is commonly suggested as a key intervention strategy to slow down the spread of a pandemic within a community, particularly at the early stages of its advancement. (biomedcentral.com)
The optimum timing and duration of closure are unclear because studies often differed in several respects, or used other interventions in addition to school closure. (bmj.com)

Researchers at Stanford University in California aimed to assess how tough lockdowns influence the growth in infections as compared to less restrictive measures. (rt.com)
An increasing number of countries have introduced lockdowns of various degrees recently, in response to surging numbers of infections, blamed on the new highly contagious strains of coronavirus. (rt.com)

Organized institutional responses to disease control began during the plague epidemic of 1347 to 1352. (cdc.gov)
The control responses varied across countries with different outcomes in terms of epidemic size and social disruption. (medrxiv.org)
Here you will find information related to the GS/OAS Procurement Operations, including a list of procurement notices for formal bids, links to the performance contract and travel control measure reports, the applicable procurement rules and regulations, and the training and qualifications of its staff. (oas.org)
10.2 Use of multiple measures for detection and control of HPAI in poulty. (who.int)

The paper also reviews the quick and agile STI policy responses implemented across countries to stimulate research and innovation activities to find solutions to the pandemic. (oecd.org)

Is is estimated that this protective measure alone significantly reduced the number of infections by over 78,000 in Italy from April 6 to May 9 and over 66,000 in New York City from April 17 to May 9. (criticalcatalyst.com)
We will continue to update you on further protective measures Mohawk Ambulance Service employees are taking to preserve your health and safety. (mohawkambulanceservice.com)

pandemic has caused disruption in essential NTD interventions. (who.int)

Different countries may need different approaches, but we aim to help them make informed decisions on how best to put interventions in place. (southampton.ac.uk)
In response to this global emergency, countries have implemented various measures to contain the spread of the disease and preserve health system capacity by promoting social distancing and restricting freedom of movement [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While Europe as a superordinate social category has the capability of solidarity between its subcategories ( i.e. , nations), negative emotions and behaviors among the countries' citizens have become more prevalent throughout the emerging crisis. (mdpi.com)

Follow-up work will leverage more and better data to improve this early assessment of the impacts of the crisis and STI policy responses. (oecd.org)
The Memphis model of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program has established itself as a prototype of law enforcement-mental health collaboration for a large number of municipalities across the country, and several states are implementing statewide training programs that seek to train approximately 20 percent of their police forces. (jaapl.org)
The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is a specialized police-based program intended to enhance officers' interactions with individuals with mental illnesses and improve the safety of all parties involved in mental health crises. (jaapl.org)
Other strategies are police-based mental health responses, in which the police department hires mental health consultants to assist with mental health crisis calls, and mental health-based specialized responses, which are typified by mobile crisis units. (jaapl.org)

16 ) Existing studies ( 17 , 18 ) addressed this problem by dividing the population into several age groups and defining the social contacts at different locations. (medrxiv.org)
It also says that there's evidence suggesting that " sometimes under more restrictive measures, infections may be more frequent in settings where vulnerable populations reside relative to the general population . (rt.com)

2. To facilitate consensus building among, and the compiling of lessons learned by, various stakeholders during the response to improve the current response by sustaining best practices that have demonstrated success and by preventing recurrent errors. (who.int)

The UK should ensure that humanitarian responses are rooted in robust gendered-conflict analysis and that aid is conflict sensitive, avoids harm and supports local capacities for peace. (parliament.uk)

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care1

202010

NPIs13

Closures10

Quarantine and social2

Nonpharmaceutical3

Pharmacological interventions1

Outbreak15

Lockdown2

COVID69

Hygiene2

Influenza pandemic1

Mitigate3

Adherence2

Infection4

Water and soap2

Public health11

Societal2

Gatherings2

Objective3

Strict2

Preventive2

Effectiveness5

Epidemic peak1

Implementation4

People12

Drastic1

Governments3

Prevention1

Restrictions3

Undertaken1

Stringent1

Protocols1

Sectors to implement2

Mitigation measures3

Outbreaks3

Consequences4

Authorities1

Largely1

Physical8

Impact6

Preparedness and response3

Mobilization2

Rapidly1

Transmission10

School closure3

Lockdowns2

Control4

Stimulate1

Protective2

Disruption1

Countries3

Crisis4

Population2

Practices1

Gendered-conflict1