Immunosurveillance tolerance antigen of tumor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
It has been proposed that four different types of tumor microenvironment exist based on the presence or absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. (aacrjournals.org)
While inflammatory injury drives both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, the tolerogenic microenvironment of the liver conveys immunosuppressive effects that encourage tumor growth. (mdpi.com)
To investigate the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) around Cancer S tem C ells (CSCs) we developed a new technique to achieve single cell RNA-seq with spatial resolution. (dana-farber.org)
We aim to understand how these cells escape immune recognition outside the immune suppressive microenvironment of the primary tumor. (dana-farber.org)
Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Together, they form the microenvironment in which the tumor is located, namely tumor microenvironment (TME). (biomedcentral.com)
Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer progression is mainly driven by the expansion of tumor cells, but tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity may also play a role. (amegroups.org)
The targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) method, using INTRABEAM ® , could reduce tumor recurrence, modifying the wound microenvironment, and eradicating residual tumor cells when applied immediately after surgery procedure. (amegroups.org)
Although chemotherapy (CT) and traditional fractionated radiation have been described as immunosuppressive ( 2 ), recent data suggests that RT can modulate anti-tumor immune responses ( 3 ), modifying tumor and its microenvironment ( 4 ). (amegroups.org)
Besides the direct effects of radiation in reducing viable cancer cells, RT may induce modifications on the local microenvironment that can affect tumor development ( 5 ). (amegroups.org)
Targeting Tregs to reestablish the proinflammatory and immunogenic tumor microenvironment (TME) is an increasingly attractive strategy for cancer treatment and has been emphasized in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)

The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
In the Agudo lab, we are interested in using this platform to study immune surveillance of adult stem cells ( Agudo, Immunity, 2018 ), cancer stem cells ( Baldominos, Cell, 2022 ) and tumor disseminated cells in order to develop therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy. (dana-farber.org)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells, which respond rapidly to antigen recognition and promote development of anti-tumor immunity in many tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
As a consequence, they cannot directly activate the specific CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor immunity, which is essential for the development of adaptive immune responses. (amegroups.org)
All FcgammaRs can crosslink anti-41BB antibodies to strengthen co-stimulation, but activating FcgammaR-induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity compromises anti-tumor immunity by deleting 4-1BB(+) cells. (bioxcell.com)
Recent studies have shown that a complex network of non-recirculating immune cells residing within lung tissue is responsible for maintaining a balance between immunity and tolerance. (breathinglabs.com)
These cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), secreting several cytokines and chemokines to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. (breathinglabs.com)

CMI) , cellular i. immune responses that are initiated by an antigen-presenting cell interacting with and mediated by T lymphocytes ( e.g., graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity). (theodora.com)
In this respect, we have previously identified two melanoma antigens, namely MELOE-1 and MELOE-2, that were recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from HLA-A0201+ patients who remained relapse-free following TIL transfer in an adjuvant setting [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
It also has high endothelial venule (HEV), serving to transport lymphocytes and antigens between the lungs and the circulation. (breathinglabs.com)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

In mice infected with H1N1 influenza virus, ILC1s are activated and produce interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α in the first three days of infection. (breathinglabs.com)
Furthermore, HLA-G expression could not be detected in cultured patient TFCs under basal conditions or after stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin 1α, interferon γ, and tumour necrosis factor α. (bmj.com)
The CD56 bright population produces immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), IL-10, and IL-13 ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

Lipopeptides act as immunomodulators by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) to activate immune functions [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that a high single dose of RT may induce an immune response that leads to the priming of antigen-specific dendritic cells (DCs). (amegroups.org)
These cells can produce immunosuppressive cytokines and the recruitment of inhibitory and regulatory cell types, decrease expression of antigens, lose expression of MHC class I molecules, have an aberrant antigen processing, cause anergy or deletion of T cells, and generate the dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs) ( 5 - 8 ). (amegroups.org)

Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
Current studies on lncRNA-encoded peptides in humans have mainly focused on their role in malignant tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
However, given that they may be also presented by HLAs on the surface of non-malignant cells, they may be possibly affected by immunological tolerance or elicit autoimmune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. (absoluteastronomy.com)

In the field of cancer immunotherapy, the recently described effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD1 blocking antibodies to boost anti-tumor T cell responses is very encouraging [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Blockade of the PD-1 pathway induces T-cell responses against tumor antigens in a variety of cancers, including Hodgkin lymphoma, that lead to clinical remissions. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
Costimulation of T cell responses with monoclonal antibody agonists (mAb-AG) targeting 4-1BB showed robust anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, but their clinical development was hampered by low efficacy (Utomilumab) or severe liver toxicity (Urelumab). (bioxcell.com)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)
Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
A crucial role for antigen-presenting cells and alloantigen expression in graft-versus-leukemia responses[J]. Nat Med , 2005, 11(11): 1244−1249. (blood-genomics.com)
Fefer A. Graft-vs. -tumor responses[M]// Thomas' hematopoietic cell transplantation , New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003: 369-379. (blood-genomics.com)

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
After years of controversy, it is now recognized that the immune system can play a role in the control of tumor growth and progression ( 1 ), a process known as cancer immunoediting ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In tumors, there are all types of immune cells that can have various effects on tumor progression, and a spectrum of soluble cytokines and chemokines that regulates the entry of different types of infiltrating immune cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. (wjgnet.com)
10 Coupled with the reported tissue distribution, these inhibitory effects upon immune cells have led to the suggestion that HLA-G has a role in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance, 11 reducing transplant rejection, 12 and in allowing the progression of tumours. (bmj.com)

Consequently, it was shown by others that tumor cells also expressed MHC-I and presented short tumor-associated peptides to immune cells [6]. (studylib.net)
After RT treatment, there is an increase pool of peptides for antigen presentation displayed by MHC-I molecules ( 6 ). (amegroups.org)
TSAs arise from cancer-related nonsynonymous mutations or other genetic alterations, which give rise to mutated peptides presented by HLA only on the cell surface of tumor cells (neoantigens). (biomedcentral.com)

if non-self antigens are found it can signal B cells to produce antibodies that will ultimately cause attack on cells that have the same antigen but have not (yet? (bio.net)
In any case, if one has a bottle of 'costimulatory' signal and some tumor and T cells it should be easy to test the idea that its the only missing ingredient in tumor immunoserveillance. (bio.net)
Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign lipids and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
They and other CD1d-restricted T cells ('type 2' NKT) recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). (wikipedia.org)
iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen presenting molecule. (wikipedia.org)
The best known antigen of iNKT cells is alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), which is a synthetic form of a chemical purified from the deep sea sponge Agelas mauritianus. (wikipedia.org)
NKT cells recognize protected microbial lipid agents which are presented by CD1d-expressing antigen presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
These cells can be located in the tumor centre (CT), in the invasive margin (IM), or in the adjacent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). (aacrjournals.org)
Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Jedi T cells recognize GFP as their cognate antigen and therefore, can be used in combination with any of the available GFP-expressing mouse lines, cells lines or microorganisms. (dana-farber.org)
However, it is still unknown whether these critical cells can escape immune recognition during autoimmune attack, and therefore, can re-grow a damaged tissue once tolerance is restored. (dana-farber.org)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer initiating cells are a subpopulation of rare cancer cells that have the potential to re-grow a new full-fledged tumor mass. (dana-farber.org)
Such cells are hypothesized to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis. (dana-farber.org)
Metastases arise from cells that can escape the primary tumor and colonize other tissues. (dana-farber.org)
We take advantage of fluorescent GFP tumor cells to facility their detection and measurement and out unique Jedi T cells as an invaluable tool to interrogate how antigen-specific T cells interact with these rare (and yet, dangerous) tumor cells. (dana-farber.org)
[email protected] ‡ Authors contributed equally Aim: Expression of PD-1 on T/B cells regulates peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity. (studylib.net)
In contrary, tumor cells have evolved immune escape mechanisms whereby overexpression of PD-L1 induces anergy and/or apoptosis of PD-1 positive T cells by interfering with T cell receptor signal transduction. (studylib.net)
However, tumor cells can evade host's immune surveillance using a number of protective mechanisms, including downregulation of MHC-I molecules, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in other words, TGF-β and IL-10, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, VEGF, upregulation of PD-L1 and downregulation of co-stimulatory molecules thereby preventing activation of T cells, resulting in cancer invasion. (studylib.net)
The binding of T cells expressing PD-1 and tumor cells expressing PD-L1 initiates an array of inhibitory signals resulting in reduced function and/or apoptosis of T cells [8,11] providing a mechanism for tumor cell evasion of host's immune surveillance [12-14]. (studylib.net)
The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine if the improved response to treatment in the absence of iNKT cells was independent from the immunotherapy employed, 4T1-tumor bearing WT and iNKT −/− mice were treated with local radiotherapy in combination with antibody-mediated CD137 co-stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
0.05), suggesting the selective elimination of DCs cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens by iNKT cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistently, priming of T cells to a tumor-specific CD8 T cell epitope in mice treated with radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD137 was markedly enhanced in iNKT −/− compared to WT mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe a novel mechanism of tumor immune escape mediated by iNKT cells that limit priming of anti-tumor T cells by controlling DC in tumors and draining lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to tumor cells, there are also important stromal components in tumor niche. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular bacteria produce antigens, which serve as potent activators of Î³Î´ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Specifically, we observed a BTN3A1-independent BTN3A3 activity to present antigen to VÎ³9+VÎ´2+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Most tumor cells do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. (amegroups.org)
Tumor cells develop multiple and complex mechanisms to fully escape immune surveillance. (amegroups.org)
These DCs become active via toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognition, in which endogenous danger signals emitted by dying tumor cells are identified. (amegroups.org)
However, the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells declined more rapidly and to a greater extent in c-IAP2(H570A) mice than in WT controls. (bioxcell.com)
On the one hand, tumor cells are under immunosurveillance in the presence of various proinflammatory cells, such as CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, CD4 + type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, and natural killer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the lung play a role in immunosurveillance and infection control. (breathinglabs.com)
An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
Controversy and debate surround the role of the non-classic human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G. 1, 2 Initially, the expression of HLA-G was reported to occur only in a limited subset of trophoblast cells at the fetal-maternal interface. (bmj.com)
6 With respect to activity, HLA-G molecules can inhibit natural killer cell mediated and antigen specific CD8 + T cell mediated cytolysis, 7 induce apoptosis of activated CD8 + T cells, 8 suppress the proliferation of allogeneic CD4 + T cells, 9 and inhibit the transendothelial migration of natural killer cells. (bmj.com)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
The vast majority of such strategies are based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) which are shared wild type cellular self-epitopes highly expressed on tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
On the contrary, TAAs are wild-type self-antigens highly expressed on tumor cells compared to corresponding normal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, the term "molecular mimicry" was originally introduced in 1964 to define the similarity between antigens expressed by infectious agents and human cells, as cause of the microbial escape from the host immune response and a more aggressive infection [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike primary NK cells, those prepared from iPSCs can be prepared with a homogeneous quality and are easily modified to exert a desired response to tumor cells. (molcells.org)
Furthermore, T cells and NK cells complement each other in that certain immune suppression mechanisms taken by tumor cells that are effective against T cells, such as the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have proven to be stimulatory for NK cells. (molcells.org)
Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
As a result, these liver organ immune system cells, including B cells and their cytokines, mainly become innate immune effectors against tumors and infections simply by their T helper-1 immune response in the liver organ. (enmd-2076.com)
CFP exosomes leads to a measurable number of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ in both lung and spleen. (c-metinhibitors.com)
CFP exosomes elicited a comparable level of antigen-specific IFN-γ-expressing T cells as BCG. (c-metinhibitors.com)
IL-2 production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were similarly elevated in mice immunized with CFP exosomes (Fig. 2C, D, and F). As expected, mice vaccinated with exosomes from uninfected cells did not induce M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell activation. (c-metinhibitors.com)
In the current study we show that designer glycopeptides containing the Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (β-Gal-[1→3]-α-GalNAc- O -serine) are immunogenic in vivo and generate TF-specific CTL capable of recognizing a variety of tumor cells in vitro including a MUC1-expressing tumor. (silverchair.com)

Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. (nshealth.ca)
We review this stratification and the latest in a series of results that shed light on new approaches for rationally designing ideal combination cancer therapies based on tumor immunology. (aacrjournals.org)

The development of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies relies on the identification and validation of optimal target tumor antigens, which should be tumor-specific as well as able to elicit a swift and potent anti-tumor immune response. (biomedcentral.com)

However, its efficiency in treating patients with solid tumors remains limited. (bvsalud.org)
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used as a main treatment for many types of localized solid tumors where radiation therapy (RT) is considered the primary non-surgical modality in the curative treatment of cancer ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)

The host immune system can also contribute to the efficacy of some cancer therapies where the tumor death induced may be "immunogenic" ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Although the principles of cancer immunoediting have largely been defined in mice with immunogenic tumors, it has now been demonstrated that an immune reaction against cancer can also occur in humans ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumors. (nshealth.ca)

MELOE-1 and MELOE-2, two highly specific melanoma antigens involved in T cell immunosurveillance are produced by IRES-dependent translation of the long « non coding » and polycistronic RNA, meloe . (oncotarget.com)
In conclusion, within the MELOE family, IRES-dependent antigens represent the best T cell targets for immunotherapy of melanoma. (oncotarget.com)

The activation of DCs is characterized by the upregulation of cell surface molecules involved in antigen presentation and costimulation (e.g. (amegroups.org)
One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for anti body gen erators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response. (wikidoc.org)

Most cancer patients do not die due to the primary tumor but as the result of metastasis. (dana-farber.org)

The tumor-associated derived antigens (TAAs) released to the tumor periphery can be captured by DCs. (amegroups.org)
Tumor antigens can be classified into tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, such T cell populations may be removed from the immune repertoire by central and peripheral tolerance and the efficacy of vaccines based on TAAs may be lost [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, overcoming such limitations is a major goal, given that TAAs represent the most suitable target antigens for developing cancer vaccines on a large scale. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the exploitation of homology between TAAs and antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs) (molecular mimicry) may provide the most effective results. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, the tumor has many strategies to evade an immune response. (aacrjournals.org)

These observations stimulated an intensive search for the mechanisms regulating tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
The shared pathobiology of EBV-positive LPDs and NHLs includes a defect in host mechanisms of immune tolerance and immunosurveillance. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
Epigenomics with a focus on the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation involved in T helper cell activation, tolerance and memory. (uc.edu)

Moreover, the efficacy of such a highly personalized approach is possibly reduced by the high mutational rate of tumors, which drives a constant generation of new target mutated neoantigens and a consequent cancer immune evasion. (biomedcentral.com)

The resulting micropeptides have been shown to participate in N6-methyladenosine modification, tumor angiogenesis, cancer metabolism, and signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)

NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

However, a significant number of patients are non responders to these therapies and thus, there is still room for improvement using antigen-specific immunotherapy, whether through vaccination or through T cell transfer. (oncotarget.com)
TACA-containing glycopeptides are appealing cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-based vaccines to prevent or treat cancer because the same sugar moieties are expressed in a variety of tumors, rendering a vaccination strategy applicable in a large population. (silverchair.com)

Tumors express embryonic carbohydrate antigens called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA). (silverchair.com)

This review summarizes current information regarding the reported roles of lncRNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer, and explores the potential clinical value of these micropeptides in the development of anti-cancer drugs and prognostic tumor biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)

As a proof of this concept, we have developed LVGN6051, a humanized 4-1BB mAb-AG that shows high anti-tumor efficacy in the absence of liver toxicity in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. (bioxcell.com)

The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. (theodora.com)

The poor immunogenicity of MELOE-3 and its expression in melanocytes is consistent with an immune tolerance towards a physiologically expressed protein. (oncotarget.com)
Population and single-cell genomics reveal the Aire dependency, relief from Polycomb silencing, and distribution of self-antigen expression in thymic epithelia. (worldindependant.com)
Single-cell RNA-sequencing resolves self-antigen expression during mTEC development. (worldindependant.com)

To this aim, non-self-antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs) may be of great benefit. (biomedcentral.com)

ASCL1 and NEUROD1 reveal heterogeneity in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and regulate distinct genetic programs. (worldindependant.com)

results in antigen-specific tolerance. (bio.net)
tolerance to tumor specific antigens. (bio.net)
The highly conserved TCR is made of Va24-Ja18 paired with Vb11 in humans, which is specific for glycolipid antigens. (wikipedia.org)
In this respect, the choice of the targeted antigens remains a critical issue [ 2 ] and the ideal antigen(s) should have the following characteristics : be as tumor specific as possible and stimulate a broad T cell repertoire in the majority of patients (i.e. generate many epitopes in various HLA contexts). (oncotarget.com)

Since BTN3A1 is the only BTN3A associated with phosphoantigen presentation, our study suggests that BTN3A3 may present different classes of antigens to mediate VÎ³9+VÎ´2+ T cell effector function against L. monocytogenes-infected epithelia. (bvsalud.org)

Besides, TME exhibits aberrant physiological conditions, like hypoxia, acidic extracellular pH and elevated interstitial fluid pressure, due to the malformed tumor vessels. (biomedcentral.com)

Notably, immune infiltrates are highly heterogeneous, not only between tumor types, but also within one patient or between different patients with the same cancer types. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms11

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

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Responses9

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