Immunological ctla 4 antigen. Medical search. Frequent questions

CD80 has a crucial role in modulating T-cell immune function as a checkpoint protein at the immunological synapse. (wikipedia.org)
These interactions result in an important costimulatory signal in the immunological synapse between antigen-presenting cells, B-cells, dendritic cells and T-cells that result in T and B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Recent affidavit imfolds that CTLA-4 association with the immunological synapse during connection with antigen-turning stalls is aside reason ofmidable proper during its inhibitory act. (upb.ro)
CTLA-4 also engages using the TCR end signal, assisting the maintenance of the immunological synapse to permit serial relationships between TCRs and APCs [62]. (crispr-reagents.com)
CD80 cytoplasmic domain controls localization of CD28, CTLA-4, and protein kinase Ctheta in the immunological synapse. (ox.ac.uk)
We have examined the role of the cytoplasmic domain of CD80 in murine T cell costimulation and its organization in the immunological synapse (IS). (ox.ac.uk)
00:35.0 So, this is the process of immunological synapse formation. (ibiology.org)
00:40.1 we'll define this a little bit more generally, 00:42.3 and then I will go on to talk about signaling, 00:45.1 effector function mediated by the immunological synapse, 00:48.0 signal amplification at the immunological synapse, 00:51.2 and applications to autoimmunity and cancer therapy. (ibiology.org)
01:26.2 you know, in reference to Kupfer 01:28.2 and our own work 01:30.3 referring to immunological synapses 01:32.2 and that final bullseye pattern 01:34.2 of a mature immunological synapse. (ibiology.org)
02:58.0 So, in terms of signaling mechanisms 03:00.2 or the actual triggering process, 03:02.1 the T cell receptor, 03:06.0 which is, again, at the heart of the immunological synapse, 03:08.1 provides the immunological specificity, 03:10.1 utilizes what's referred to as non-receptor tyrosine kinases, 03:12.0 so it utilizes a couple of. (ibiology.org)
04:53.1 We can put purified molecules 04:55.1 in a laterally mobile form in the substrate 04:57.3 and T cells can assemble an immunological synapse. (ibiology.org)
This organization allows each CTLA-4 dimer to bind two bivalent B7 molecules and suggests that a periodic arrangement of these components within the immunological synapse may contribute to the regulation of T cell responsiveness. (elsevierpure.com)
When T cells associate with APCs, they form what is known as an 'immunological synapse', a juncture where numerous proteins assemble into elaborate complexes, such as the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC). (riken.jp)
Saito, Yokosuka and colleagues determined that CTLA-4 gradually gathers at the immunological synapse and subsequently forms into clusters within the exact same area of the cSMAC as CD28, where it directly competes to bind CD80 (Fig. 1). (riken.jp)
Furthermore, we found an impaired capacity of BTLA to inhibit T cell activation in SLE due to a poor BTLA recruitment to the immunological synapse following T cell stimulation. (cnrs.fr)

CTLA-4 (CD152) is similar to CD28 in amino acid sequence, structure, and genomic organization. (biolegend.com)
Whereas CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal in T cell activation, CTLA-4 negatively regulates cell-mediated immune responses through interaction with CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC). (biolegend.com)
however, CD80 has a ten-fold higher affinity for CD28 and CTLA-4 than CD86. (wikipedia.org)
CD80 is the ligand for the proteins CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation) found on the surface of T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, the bond with CTLA-4 has up to 2500 fold higher avidity than with CD28. (wikipedia.org)
CD80 binds to CD28 and CTLA-4 with lower affinity and fast binding kinetics (Kd = 4 μM for CD28 and 0.42 μM for CTLA-4), allowing for quick interactions between the communicating cells. (wikipedia.org)
Schneider, H. CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction. (mu-varna.bg)
The binding of costimulatory ligand CD80 to CD28 or CTLA-4 on T cells plays an important role in the regulation of the T cell response. (ox.ac.uk)
The effective regulation of T cell responses is dependent on opposing signals transmitted through two related cell-surface receptors, CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). (elsevierpure.com)
Positive regulation by CD28 and negative regulation by CTLA-4 are induced at the same place in the cell," says Saito. (riken.jp)
The presence of CD80 and CD86 in NETs could influence the cell environment through the B7-1/B7-2:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway. (annexpublishers.co)
The PD-1 and CTLA-4 are members of the CD28 receptor family. (fapesp.br)
Surface receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and nuclear transcription factors attenuate T cell responses, where CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, resulting in inhibitory downstream signalling [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

CTLA-4s primary ligands Compact disc80 and Compact disc86 are indicated on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (such as for example DCs and monocytes) however, not on non-haematologic tumour cells. (crispr-reagents.com)

Leveraging a transgenic mouse model of HPV-derived cancers, K14HPV16/H2b, we demonstrated that a potent nanoparticle-based E7 vaccine, but not a conventional "liquid" vaccine, induced E7 tumor antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in cervical tumor-bearing mice. (nih.gov)
Here, we illustrated that myeloid cells in K14HPV16/H2b mice possess potent immunosuppressive activity toward antigen-presenting cells and CD8 + T cells, dampening antitumor immunity. (nih.gov)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Cell Activation Cocktail (without brefeldin) for 4 hours, surface stained with CD3 APC, fixed, permeabilized, and intracellularly stained with CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone BNI3) PE (left), or mouse IgG2a, κ PE isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (day-3) were stained with CD3 APC and PE anti-human CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone BNI3) (left) or PE mouse IgG2a, κ isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
CTLA-4 is expressed on the surface of helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. (biolegend.com)
Regulatory T cells express high levels of CTLA-4. (biolegend.com)
sCTLA-4 also plays a role in the initial immune response to infection of immune cells by HIV, along with the CD-1 pathway and others. (biolegend.com)
The fluorochrome-labeled L3D10 antibody is useful for immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis to identify CTLA-4-producing cells within mixed cell populations. (biolegend.com)
Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
CD80 can be found on the surface of various immune cells, including B-cells, monocytes, or T-cells, but most typically at antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Studies also have reported a feasible direct inhibitory part of CTLA-4 on Compact disc8+ T cells [57]. (crispr-reagents.com)
Na?ve and resting memory space T cells express Compact disc28 however, not CTLA-4. (crispr-reagents.com)
CTLA-4 in addition has been reported to improve the suppressive actions of Treg cells. (crispr-reagents.com)
In human beings, anti-CTLA-4 therapy activates manifestation of stimulatory markers on T cells and may bring about inflammatory unwanted effects. (crispr-reagents.com)
These regulatory T cells depend on IL-10 and CTLA-4 for functional activity. (ox.ac.uk)
An alternative approach to engage T cells for cancer therapy are antibodies, which are bispecific for a surface target antigen on cancer cells, and for CD3 on T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Pioneering work by Kufer and colleagues ( 6 ) showed that CD3/target antigen-bispecific antibodies of this particular design had an exceptionally high potency, and could likewise engage CD8 + and CD4 + T cells for redirected lysis of cancer cells at very low effector to target (E:T) ratios. (aacrjournals.org)
Currently, various assays have been proposed to assess the functionality of CTLA4 VUS, including the analysis of transendocytosis, the biological function of CTLA4 to capture CD80 molecules from antigen presenting cells. (bvsalud.org)
Foreign entities within the body get chopped into pieces by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which display the resulting chunks on their surface. (riken.jp)
Anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy has been utilized for cancer patients, enhancing tumor immunity by inhibiting regulatory T cells, and CTLA-4-based fusion proteins have been used to block autoimmune diseases such as arthritis," says Saito. (riken.jp)
By binding to the B7 ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells, CTLA-4 acts as a negative regulator, downregulating T-cell activation and dampening immune responses. (capebiologix.com)
In general, the primary function of T cells is to become activated when another immune cell presents an antigen from a specific pathogen, toxin, cancer, or other foreign substance. (nanoteintech.com)
They also gain effector functions , releasing signaling molecules to modulate the adaptive immune response and target the foreign cells via recognition of the antigen previously presented to them. (nanoteintech.com)
For naive T cells in the lymph tissues, this initial activation presentation is thought to only occur with a particular antigen-presenting cell (APC) called a dendritic cell. (nanoteintech.com)
Once activated by the presentation of antigen by APCs, mature T cells initiate effector functions to respond to the infection source and neutralize the threat. (nanoteintech.com)
When the antigen target of a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell is encountered, the T cell may attack and destroy the cells displaying the antigen directly or use cytokine signaling to recruit macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells to neutralize the invader or infection. (nanoteintech.com)
Unlike other effector T cells that recognize peptides and antigens presented only by MHC, NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. (nanoteintech.com)
If the blood-testes barrier, which isolates germ cells from the contact with local immune system, is impaired by some reasons, autoimmunity to sperm antigens could be induced and results in the development of autoimmune orchitis. (benthamscience.com)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells, which respond rapidly to antigen recognition and promote development of anti-tumor immunity in many tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
Surprisingly, we previously found that mice deficient in iNKT cells developed spontaneous CD8 + T cells responses partially effective at inhibiting metastases in mice bearing the 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and showed a markedly improved response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody compared to wild type (WT) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of antibody-mediated blockade of CD1d on DC number and phenotype, priming of anti-tumor T cells, and tumor response to treatment with local radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 antibody were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
0.05), suggesting the selective elimination of DCs cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens by iNKT cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistently, priming of T cells to a tumor-specific CD8 T cell epitope in mice treated with radiotherapy and anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD137 was markedly enhanced in iNKT −/− compared to WT mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Although initially identified by co-expression of conventional αβ T-cell receptors (TCR) and markers typically associated with natural killer (NK) cells [ 3 ], NKT are currently distinguished on the basis of CD1d restriction as well as specific usage of TCRα chains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, cytokines control differenti‐ation into different effector cells that deliver signals such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, INFs, and proinflammatory cytokines [1]. (fdxbhc.com)
Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
While an immunological research is targeted for the cautious characterization of cell AdipoRon novel inhibtior populations typically, a genomic-view is commonly limited by whole tumor cells at the mercy of hereditary and cellular heterogeneity [3]. (monossabios.com)
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) activated in vitro may express molecules normally associated with antigen presenting cells (APCs). (annexpublishers.co)
PMNs activated in vitro may express molecules normally associated with antigen presenting cells required for T cell activation. (annexpublishers.co)
In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
However, during the liver stage CD8+ T cells that recognize malaria antigen on hepatocytes can mediate protection. (bnitm.de)
Therefore a vaccine-induced response must induce CD8+ T cells that persist in the liver and produce cytokines immediately after antigen encounter. (bnitm.de)
Recently we have shown that fusion molecules of the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis with liver stage specific antigens are potent tools to target antigen to dendritic cells in vivo, which is then followed by presentation on MHC class I. This, in combination with either a blockade of CTLA-4 or a heterologous boost immunization can confer a long-lasting and protective immune response. (bnitm.de)
Most of these T cells express negative costimulators like CTLA-4, PD-1 and BTLA. (bnitm.de)
Regulatory T cells (Treg) from CD4+ CD25+, actively suppress the immune response against self antigens, alloantigens and tumor antigens, promoting tolerance antigen-specific suppression of activation and expansion of effectors cells, and the transcription factor Foxp3 marker as well characterization of this lineage. (fapesp.br)
The CTLA-4 acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation and PD-1 also has an inhibitory function on T cells and B cells, being important in peripheral tolerance. (fapesp.br)
As cells undergo oncogenesis, neoantigens are released and captured on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) of dendritic cells (DCs) that subsequently mature and migrate to central lymphoid organs. (encyclopedia.pub)
These lymphocytes successfully eliminate the genetically unstable tumour cells with intrinsically high immunogenicity [ 4 ] through a series of successive stages [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The antigen encoded by CTLA-4 associated to DNA vaccine pGJA-P/vax1 can bind specifically to human dendritic cells. (scirp.org)
In particular, we want to understand which antigens on cancer cells can be detected by human T cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
To this end, we are exploring the immunological aspects and consequences of targeted therapy in melanoma patients and how oncogenes modulate the interaction of malignant cells with the immune system. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
B cells and T cells of the adaptive immune system use receptors that recognize antigens, or their derived peptides, in a highly specific manner. (nature.com)
The generation of anticancer immunity depends on DCs presenting cancer antigens to T cells. (nature.com)
The aim of DC vaccination is to boost cancer-specific effector T cells that can not only fight existing cancer but also induce immunological memory to control the recurrence of cancer. (nature.com)
In this approach, you take DC-precursor cells from the blood of a cancer patient, differentiate and activate them in culture, load them with tumour antigens, and then inject the cells back into the patient. (nature.com)
After each injection, we saw an expansion of T cells specific to the vaccine antigens in his blood, so it was clear that the DC treatment boosted the immune response against the cancer. (nature.com)
Not all patients will express them, and some shared antigens are also expressed by healthy cells. (nature.com)
The cancer immunotherapy field has made tremendous progress, thanks to the development of antibodies against immune-suppressing molecules, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, that are expressed by cancer cells. (nature.com)
Anti-CTLA-4 Activates Intratumoral NK Cells and Combined with IL15/IL15Ra Complexes Enhances Tumor Control. (musc.edu)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

CD152, also known as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), is a 33 kD member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (biolegend.com)
The two main pathways that are specifically targeted in clinical practice are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and the protein "programmed cell death 1" (PD-1). (mu-varna.bg)
Outcomes for patients with melanoma have improved over the past decade with the clinical development and approval of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). (biomedcentral.com)
One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

sCTLA-4 immunoreactivity was inhibited by its binding to B7.1, suggesting that sCTLA-4 is a functional receptor. (biolegend.com)
These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a critical immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in regulating T-cell activation and immune responses. (capebiologix.com)
We know that AdipoRon novel inhibtior immunosuppression requires T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antigen-specific activation and this individual-specific manifestation of a wide array of immunogenic tumor antigen offers hampered characterization of antigen-specific T-cell reactions in the tumor site. (monossabios.com)
AdipoRon novel inhibtior Sharpe [9] testimonials the various associates of the Compact disc28 receptor family members and their complementing ligands noting both ICOS and CTLA-4 to become co-stimulatory and regulatory respectively. (monossabios.com)
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. (cnrs.fr)
el RECEPTOR PD-1 y el ANTÍGENO CTLA-4), aumentando así la activación inmunitaria suprimida en las inmunoterapias. (bvsalud.org)
PD-1 RECEPTOR and CTLA-4 ANTIGEN) thereby increasing suppressed immune activation in immunotherapies. (bvsalud.org)

No. 525401) as the capture antibody and recombinant human CTLA-4 (Cat. (biolegend.com)
The completely human being IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) ipilimumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and tremelimumab (AstraZeneca/MedImmune), a completely human being IgG2 anti-CTLA-4 mAb will be the leading CTLA-4 targeted immune system checkpoint inhibitors [55,64]. (crispr-reagents.com)
Ipilimumab, a completely individual monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4, shows an overall success advantage in previously treated and treatment-na?ve sufferers with metastatic melanoma in two randomized stage III studies [15,16]. (bioinbrief.com)
Recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody against Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). (capebiologix.com)
This product is a full-length Mouse IgG2 recombinant antibody that is specific to CTLA-4. (capebiologix.com)
ELISA Dose Response curve using PtX ™ Mouse Anti-CTLA-4 to detect coated CTLA-4 Antigen at 0.25 ng/µl and increasing concentrations of antibody. (capebiologix.com)
Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. (cdc.gov)
Long-Term Immunological Memory of SARS-CoV-2 Is Present in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies for up to a Year after Vaccination. (cdc.gov)

Such coexistence of PAS III and CVID may be due to autoimmunity and the association of both conditions with human leukocyte antigen (HLA). (medscape.com)

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), mainly including anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has shaped therapeutic landscape of some type of cancers. (nih.gov)
The FDA has approved three categories of immune checkpoint inhibitors: PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, and Cemiplimab), PD-L1 inhibitors (Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, and Avelumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitors (Ipilimumab). (mu-varna.bg)

The first signal confers specificity to the immune response and plays an essential role in rec‐ognizing antigen presentation by MHC‐II on the surface of APCs. (fdxbhc.com)

A lesser MSKCC prognostic element score (research with CTLA-4-deficient mice show that they develop profound autoimmunity and succumb to lymphoproliferative disease by four weeks old [59,60]. (crispr-reagents.com)
CTLA-4 inhibition offers two main activities C inhibition of peripheral T-cell tolerance leading to autoimmunity and activation of antitumour immunity [47]. (crispr-reagents.com)

In contrast, contrary interaction of CD80 with CTLA-4 inhibits parts of T-cell effector function. (wikipedia.org)

Immune checkpoint proteins like PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 represent significant scientific discoveries in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. (mu-varna.bg)
Specifically, we concentrate on tumor testis (CT) antigens [11] and a summary of expert-prioritized antigens [12] which possess clear prognostic worth will help the recognition of focuses on for immunotherapy. (monossabios.com)
Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding full-length tumor antigens is a novel option for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings will enable us to explore new therapeutic concepts based on the inhibition of the dynamic movement of regulatory molecules such as CTLA-4. (riken.jp)
This finding shows that these immunological checkpoint molecules have a role in fine‐tuning the T‐cell response by mediating stimulatory and inhibitory signals. (fdxbhc.com)

Dimerization of CTLA-4 is required for the formation of high-avidity complexes with B7 ligands and for transmission of signals that attenuate T cell activation. (elsevierpure.com)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can be an immune system checkpoint molecule that down-regulates T-cell activation, and its own blockade by agonistic antibodies enhances antitumor immunity [14]. (bioinbrief.com)
The benefit of dual checkpoint blockade with anti CTLA-4 and anti PD-1 inhibitor over monotherapy with a CTLA-4 inhibitor has been shown, with durable disease control and improved overall survival (OS). (biomedcentral.com)

CTLA-4 is thought to play a role in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance as well as the development of protective immunity and thymocyte regulation. (biolegend.com)
Immunological tolerance to developmental sperm antigens is not induced in males, because spermatogenesis begins first in the testis on puberty, much after the establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. (benthamscience.com)
this interaction has been ob‐served to have opposing effects depending on the different environmental signals.CTLA‐4 inhibits T‐cell responses and regulates peripheral T‐cell tolerance. (fdxbhc.com)
Immunologic tolerance is a state of immune unresponsiveness specific to a particular antigen or set of antigens induced by previous exposure to that antigen or set. (medscape.com)
The induction of tolerance is the primary aim in organ transplantation, and success for the acceptance of allogenic transplantation is dependent on the interaction of several genetic and immunological mechanisms. (fapesp.br)

Provided the positioning of ligand manifestation, the suppression of antitumour immunity by CTLA-4 can be therefore thought to work, principally, in supplementary lymphoid organs where T-cell activation happens [20]. (crispr-reagents.com)
Immunity results from a complex interplay between the adaptive immune system (which is antigen-specific) and the innate immune system (which isn't). (nature.com)

Histological features of irAEs and AILD are distinct, likely underpinning their different immunological mechanisms. (bmj.com)
Cases of PAS III associated with a different immunological or genetic disorders have been sporadically reported. (medscape.com)

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: Blocking of CTLA-4/B7-1 interaction and blocking of CTLA-4-mediated inhibitory function to promote T cell expansion 1 , 2 . (biolegend.com)
This illustrates that inhibitory interaction with CTLA-4 is predominant. (wikipedia.org)

New findings from a team led by Saito and RCAI colleague Tadashi Yokosuka could ultimately prove valuable for such efforts, by revealing insights into the mode of action of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitor of TCR signaling 1 . (riken.jp)
T cell activation occurs when another cell presents an antigen or specific peptide sequence to the T cell via protein complexes on its membrane. (nanoteintech.com)

Humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting these immunological checkpoint proteins have shown success in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and head and neck carcinoma. (mu-varna.bg)
For most activation events, the antigen-presenting cell (APC) uses a functional group of membrane proteins called a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to present the antigen to T cell receptors (TCRs) on the surface of the T cell. (nanoteintech.com)
In inflammatory conditions, PMN neutrophils can release extracellular traps (NETs) [ 3 , 4 ] composed of chromatin, histone and granule proteins, which trap and kill a variety of microbes. (annexpublishers.co)
These antigens (TURCs) are tumor-specific, recurrent and of cryptic origin since they cannot be attributed to known proteins. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)
The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)
The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-human CD4 APC, then fixed, permeabilized and intracellularly stained with anti-CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone L3D10) PE (left) or Mouse IgG1, κ isotype control PE (right). (biolegend.com)

Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
There are still significant barriers to therapeutic success because of tumor-specific antigens (TA) and toxicities associated with treatment [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Our PtX™ Mouse Anti-CTLA-4 exhibits high specificity towards CTLA-4 and undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent performance and reliability. (capebiologix.com)
This specificity allows researchers to elucidate the specific roles of CTLA-4 in immunological processes. (capebiologix.com)

These antigens can subsequently be recognized and bound by T cell receptors (TCRs), and the interaction between a T cell and an antigen-bearing APC eventually triggers the onset of an immune response against the antigen. (riken.jp)

00:13.2 Welcome to the talk on immunological synapses, 00:16.1 Part 2 - Signaling and function. (ibiology.org)
00:20.1 So, this is a movie 00:22.1 of pre-immunological synapses forming 00:25.1 and you can see this 00:27.2 bullseye-like pattern 00:29.2 emerging from an initial less organized or even inverted pattern. (ibiology.org)

We show that treatment of the mice with a combination of anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD1 mAbs results in partial clearance of the tumor with an improvement in survival. (unav.edu)

We determined the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of CTLA-4 to 2.0 angstrom resolution. (elsevierpure.com)

Aside from targeted therapies, agencies modulating immunological checkpoints show great guarantee in the scientific management of sufferers with metastatic melanoma. (bioinbrief.com)
We discuss personalized immunological therapies which, directly or indirectly, target host biological pathways modulated by antimicrobial immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
PD-1 and CTLA-4 targeting therapies increase average life expectancy for cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations in the CTLA-4 gene have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and other autoimmune diseases. (biolegend.com)

The authors postulated that the age of the animal at the time of its first encounter with a foreign body was the critical factor in determining its responsiveness and, hence, its recognition of nonself antigens. (medscape.com)
Immunological recognition of commensal microbes, such as bacterial species resident in the gut or lung as well as dormant viral species, i.e., cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in combination with a balanced immune regulation, is central to achieve immune-protection. (frontiersin.org)

course="kwd-title" Keywords: malignancy testis antigen, co-stimulation, gene manifestation, ovarian malignancy INTRODUCTION There is significant evidence that intra-tumoral CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are beneficial for prognosis in ovarian malignancy [1] as well as other malignancy types. (monossabios.com)

Without accumulating at the cSMAC, CTLA-4 cannot inhibit T cell activation. (riken.jp)

UM is usually genetically unique from cutaneous melanoma, with 80% to 90% of UMs displaying activating mutations in or [3,4] and missing activating mutations in and promoter [5C7]. (bioinbrief.com)
These tumor antigens are formed by somatic mutations and thereby are private. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was induction of antigen specific immune responses monitored at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and 17. (biomedcentral.com)

A transcript of the CTLA-4 gene that may represent a native soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) showed that eleven of twenty patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) had a high concentration of sCTLA-4, whereas only 1 of 30 apparently healthy volunteers contained measurable levels. (biolegend.com)
For testing human soluble CTLA-4 in serum, plasma or cell culture supernatant, LEGEND MAX™ Human Soluble CTLA-4 ELISA Kit with Pre-coated Plates (Cat. (biolegend.com)

A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily-CTLA-4. (mu-varna.bg)
CTLA-4 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and displays a strand topology similar to Vα domains, with an unusual mode of dimerization that places the B7 binding sites distal to the dimerization interface. (elsevierpure.com)

CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (unav.edu)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

At antigen reputation, CTLA-4 will nevertheless be quickly transferred towards the cell membrane from intracellular shops to allow adverse feedback. (crispr-reagents.com)
If the T cell's TCR binds to an antigen-presenting MHC on another cell, the T cell may activate. (nanoteintech.com)
Once activated, a naive T cell acquires a T cell phenotype determined by the upregulation of CD (cluster of differentiation) antigen surface marker expression. (nanoteintech.com)
Currently, we are trying to validate TURCs as T cell antigens and to understand the mechanisms of their formation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The tumour antigens can either be shared antigens, which are expressed by many cancers, or patient-specific antigens. (nature.com)
We're using a shared tumour antigen called mesothelin. (nature.com)

This presentation step is necessary because TCRs cannot bind antigens directly. (nanoteintech.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms14

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Synapse15

CD2813

Indicated on antigen-prese1

Cells60

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antig4

Receptor8

Antibody8

Human leukocy1

Inhibitors2

APCs1

Autoimmunity2

CD801

Immunotherapy3

Molecules2

Ligands1

Blockade2

Tolerance5

Immunity2

Different immunological2

Inhibitory2

Protein2

Proteins4

Vaccine3

Intracellularly stained1

Tumor-specific2

Specificity2

Receptors1

Synapses2

Mice1

Extracellular1

Therapies3

Autoimmune diseases1

Recognition2

Stimulation1

Activation1

Mutations2

Immune responses1

Soluble2

Immunoglobulin2

MAbs1

Pathogen1

Cell4

Tumour2

TCRs1